Breast Flashcards
Breast is a modified
Sweat gland
Vertical extent of breast is
Between 2nd to 6th rib
Horizontal extent of breast is
Sternum to anterior/ mid Axillary line
What is Axillary tail of spence
Breast tissue that goes into the axilla.
ST the prominent Axillary tail of spence of mistaken as breast lump.
How many lactiferous duct open into the nipple
15-20
Dimpling of skin occurs due to
If a cancer involves the suspensory ligament of cooper , it pulls the ligament inside resulting in a dimpling in skin.
What leads to the retraction of a breast
If a cancer involves the lactiferous ducts , pulling the nipple inside leads to retraction of the nipple.
Retraction of nipples can be congenital or recent
Recent retraction can be slit (……) or circumferential (…….)
Ductal Ectasia OR Malignancy ..
What is Peau d’ orange
Skin resembles orange peel due to blockage of subdermal lymphatic.
If present in cancer it is a sign of skin involvement
In Peau d’ orange there is blockage of
Subdermal Lymphatics.
what is the most conspicuous sign of malignancy in breast cancer ?
Peau d’ orange
What is the functional unit of the breast
TDLU (Terminal Duct lobular unit)
Site of origin for major cancer
Lymphatic drainage of breast is by
Axillary, lymph node (90%)
internal mammary lymph node (10%)
- from upper and lower quadrant
Surgical division of axillary lymph node
By pectoralis minor muscle
Level I : lateral to pectoralis minor
level II : behind pectoralis minor
level III : medial to pectoralis minor
What is the Rotter lymph node?
Inter-pectoral lymph node
(between pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. It falls under level II)
Triple assessment of breast include
Clinical examination + history + radiological : <40 years : USG ; >40 years mammography
+ histopathology : FNAC , FNNAC , TRU-CUT biopsy
What is the best examination technique
Dial clock method
How much radiation is exposed in mammograms
(0.1-0.2) cGy radiation is exposed.
What is the latest form of mammography?
3D mammography / breast tomosynthesis
More sensitive , Best result in dense breast
Which patient need to start screening by the age of 35 years
Strong family history
risk of breast cancer > 20%
(GAIL index : BRCA pro score)
Which patient need to start screening by the age of 25 years
BRCA Mutation
First degree relative of patient with BRCA mutation.
MRI is done.
At 30 to 35 years it is switched to mammography. (if MRI is all clear) If breast density is high , MRI will be continued.
What are the mammography findings of benign breast tumor?
Well differentiated , hallo surrounding lesion ; macrocalcification
What are the mammography findings of malignant breast tumor?
Irregular spiculated lesion
Architectural distortion. lymph nodes Microcalcification
Popcorn, calcification in the breast indicates
Fibroadenoma