Urology/Nephrology Flashcards
What urinary lab tests can be falsely negative with Vitamin C?
Hemoglobin, Glucose, and Nitrites, Leukocyte esterase
What do ketones in the urine indicate?
Fat catabolism
What is elevated urinary VMA indicative of?
Pheochromocytoma
How does tolterodine improve bladder control?
Anticholinergic properties
What supplements are indicated for ED or angina?
L-Arginine 1-2g BID
Mg glycinate 100-300mg BID
Zinc 20-50mg BID
What is the most common renal stone?
Ca oxalate
Oliguria is defined as less than ____cc/day.
Anuria is defined as less than ____ cc/day.
500
100
Term: Increased BUN in the urine.
Azotemia
Prerenal azotemia has to do with ______. The BUN and Cre both ______ but _____ rises faster.
prerenal blood flow
rise
BUN
Intrarenal azotemia has to do with ________. The BUN and Cre both ______ but _______.
injury to glomeruli, tubules, small vessels
rise
equally
Postrenal azotemia has to do with _______. BUN and Cre rise ___________.
Obstruction
after long oligura
What is common iatrogenic cause of acute renal failure?
IV Contrast
If you suspect post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, what is your next diagnostic step?
Look of red blood cell cast - cytology
ASO-titer
What is normal/healthy GFR?
60
What GFR qualifies for stage 1 CKD? Stage 2 CKD? Stage 3?
90 or higher w/ chronic HTN, abn Kid anatomy, proteinuria
60-89 w/ the above
30-59
Name the male pathology: most common tumor with cryptorchidism, best prognosis of testicular tumors, metastasis to lymphatics, some have increased HCG
Seminoma
Name the male pathology:
congenital misplacement of urethral canal ventrally or dorsally, may be associated with undescended testicles, may cause urinary obstruction or inability to inseminate
Hypo/Epi spadius
Name the male pathology:
Orifice of prepuce is too small to permit retraction. Also applies to inflammatory fusion of the foreskin to the glans.
Prepuce is retracted & won’t replace
Phimosis
Paraphimosis
BPH medications
Proscar/Finasteride - 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
Flomax/Tamsulosin - alpha blocker
What kidney condition can cause hematuria significant enough to lead to anemia?
Polycystic Kidney Dz
Cysts often found in the liver, pancreas, and testes. Aneurysms and diverticula in GI tract
Name the condition:
protein in the urine (exceeding 3.5 grams/day)
low blood protein levels
high cholesterol levels and
swelling (edema).
The urine may also contain fat which is visible under the microscope
Nephrotic syndrome
Name the condition:
an immune complex glomerulopathy in which deposition of IgA with C3 and fibrin-related antigens occurs in a granular pattern in the glomerulus
Macro and microscopic hematuria, mild proteinuria are usually the only signs
Disease progresses over 2 to 3 decades with glomeruli destruction, loss of renal function and hypertension.
IgA Nephropathy/Buerger’s Dx
Primary recurrent hematuria
Condition with hemoptysis and hematuria?
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Namet the condition:
Pediatric (3yo) nephroblastoma associated with abdominla pain and swelling.
Wilm’s tumor
What size stone can not pass through the ureter and requires referral?
> 5mm
What type of non proliferative nephritis is most common in children? Presents as a nephrotic syndrome.
Minimal change dz
What type of non proliferative nephritis is most common in white individuals?
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Nephritic or nephrotic: Proteinuria Hematuria Azotemia RBC casts Oliguria HTN
PHAROH
Nephritic
Nephritic or nephrotic: Proteinuria HypoAlbuminemia HyperLipidemia Edemas
PALE
Nephrotic
What type of nephrotic syndrome is most common in young black patients?
Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis
