Urology/Nephrology

Question 1

What urinary lab tests can be falsely negative with Vitamin C?

Answer 1

Hemoglobin, Glucose, and Nitrites, Leukocyte esterase

Question 2

What do ketones in the urine indicate?

Answer 2

Fat catabolism

Question 3

What is elevated urinary VMA indicative of?

Answer 3

Pheochromocytoma

Question 4

How does tolterodine improve bladder control?

Answer 4

Anticholinergic properties

Question 5

What supplements are indicated for ED or angina?

Answer 5

L-Arginine 1-2g BID
Mg glycinate 100-300mg BID
Zinc 20-50mg BID

Question 6

What is the most common renal stone?

Answer 6

Ca oxalate

Question 7

Oliguria is defined as less than ____cc/day.

Anuria is defined as less than ____ cc/day.

Answer 7

500

100

Question 8

Term: Increased BUN in the urine.

Answer 8

Azotemia

Question 9

Prerenal azotemia has to do with ______. The BUN and Cre both ______ but _____ rises faster.

Answer 9

prerenal blood flow

rise

BUN

Question 10

Intrarenal azotemia has to do with ________. The BUN and Cre both ______ but _______.

Answer 10

injury to glomeruli, tubules, small vessels

rise

equally

Question 11

Postrenal azotemia has to do with _______. BUN and Cre rise ___________.

Answer 11

Obstruction

after long oligura

Question 12

What is common iatrogenic cause of acute renal failure?

Answer 12

IV Contrast

Question 13

If you suspect post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, what is your next diagnostic step?

Answer 13

Look of red blood cell cast - cytology

ASO-titer

Question 14

What is normal/healthy GFR?

Answer 14

60

Question 15

What GFR qualifies for stage 1 CKD? Stage 2 CKD? Stage 3?

Answer 15

90 or higher w/ chronic HTN, abn Kid anatomy, proteinuria

60-89 w/ the above

30-59

Question 16

Name the male pathology: most common tumor with cryptorchidism, best prognosis of testicular tumors, metastasis to lymphatics, some have increased HCG

Answer 16

Seminoma

Question 17

Name the male pathology:
congenital misplacement of urethral canal ventrally or dorsally, may be associated with undescended testicles, may cause urinary obstruction or inability to inseminate

Answer 17

Hypo/Epi spadius

Question 18

Name the male pathology:
Orifice of prepuce is too small to permit retraction. Also applies to inflammatory fusion of the foreskin to the glans.

Prepuce is retracted & won’t replace

Answer 18

Phimosis

Paraphimosis

Question 19

BPH medications

Answer 19

Proscar/Finasteride - 5 alpha reductase inhibitor

Flomax/Tamsulosin - alpha blocker

Question 20

What kidney condition can cause hematuria significant enough to lead to anemia?

Answer 20

Polycystic Kidney Dz

Cysts often found in the liver, pancreas, and testes. Aneurysms and diverticula in GI tract

Question 21

Name the condition:
protein in the urine (exceeding 3.5 grams/day)
low blood protein levels
high cholesterol levels and
swelling (edema).
The urine may also contain fat which is visible under the microscope

Answer 21

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 22

Name the condition:
an immune complex glomerulopathy in which deposition of IgA with C3 and fibrin-related antigens occurs in a granular pattern in the glomerulus

Macro and microscopic hematuria, mild proteinuria are usually the only signs

Disease progresses over 2 to 3 decades with glomeruli destruction, loss of renal function and hypertension.

Answer 22

IgA Nephropathy/Buerger’s Dx

Primary recurrent hematuria

Question 23

Condition with hemoptysis and hematuria?

Answer 23

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 24

Namet the condition:

Pediatric (3yo) nephroblastoma associated with abdominla pain and swelling.

Answer 24

Wilm’s tumor

Question 25

What size stone can not pass through the ureter and requires referral?

Answer 25

> 5mm

Question 26

What type of non proliferative nephritis is most common in children? Presents as a nephrotic syndrome.

Answer 26

Minimal change dz

Question 27

What type of non proliferative nephritis is most common in white individuals?

Answer 27

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 28

Nephritic or nephrotic: 
Proteinuria
Hematuria
Azotemia 
RBC casts
Oliguria 
HTN

Answer 28

PHAROH

Nephritic

Question 29

Nephritic or nephrotic: 
Proteinuria 
HypoAlbuminemia 
HyperLipidemia 
Edemas

Answer 29

PALE

Nephrotic

Question 30

What type of nephrotic syndrome is most common in young black patients?

Answer 30

Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis