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NPLEX 2 > Hematology/Immunology > Flashcards

Hematology/Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the condition: Blood enzyme disorder with skin lesions caused by the sun.

A

Porphyria

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2
Q

When is TIBC increased and decreased?

A

INCREASED: Fe deficiency anemia, PG and hormonal birth control.
DECREASED: Anemia chronic disease, sideroblastic anemia and hemochromatosis.

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3
Q

What defines a “left shift”? a “right shift”?

A

Over 6% immature band neutrophils (indicates bacterial infection.

Hypersegmented neutrophils - macrocytic anemia. B12-Folate deficiency

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4
Q

Common causes of microcytic anemia?

A

Iron def, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning

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5
Q

Common causes of normocytic anemia?

A

Acute blood loss, hemolysis, anemia of chronic dz, anemia of renal failure, myelodysplastic syndromes

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6
Q

Common causes of macrocytic anemia?

A

Folate or B12 def, drug toxicity, alcoholism/chronic liver dz

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7
Q

What is contraindicated in patients with G6P deficiency?

A

Oxidant drugs (e.g. Vit C > 5 gram), sulfa-drugs

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8
Q

What is a primary presenting symptom of sickle cell crisis?

A

Bone pain after exertion

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9
Q

What vascular bleeding disorder occurs in children after acute URI and report joint pain, abd pain, and possible renal involvement?

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

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10
Q

Disorder that follows URI or viral infection and present with petechiae and other bleeding (gums).

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

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11
Q

Disorders of 30-40yo due to inhibitor of vWF-cleaving protease and unchecked platelet aggregation.

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

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12
Q

What are common organisms that might cause Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?

A

E. Coli O157:H7, Shigella, Staphylococcus, or other E. Coli

Drugs to - esp chemo, and OCPs

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13
Q

In what condition are Bence Jones proteinuria found?

A

Multiple myeloma

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14
Q

MC hereditary coagulation disorder presenting with possible hx of heavy menses, epistaxis, easy bruising, GI bleeds.

A

Von Willebrand’s Dz

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15
Q

Causes of DIC.

A

Complications of obstetrics, infection (Gm - with endotoxin), malignancy (adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or leukemia)

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16
Q

Hemophilia A is associated with a genetic deficiency of what factor?

A

Factor VIII `

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17
Q

Hemophilia B is associated with a genetic deficiency of what factor?

A

Factor IX `

18
Q

Name the disorder: absolute inc in red cell mass, ssx: fatigue, weakness, dizziness, HA, visual problems, itching after warm bath, easy bruising or bleeding with little or no injury

A

Polycythemia vera (malignant)

19
Q

What are SSX of multiple myeloma?

A

Bone/back pain, unexplained fractures, bleeding problems, aggravation of arrhythmias

20
Q

What finding is pathognomonic for AML found MC in adults 15-39 yo?

A

Auer rods

21
Q

Which leukemias is MC in children and has 90% survival rate?

A

ALL

22
Q

What leukemia is found in older people (65 yo average) and has a very poor prognosis? What cytogenetic abnormality is found in 95% of pts with this leukemia?

A

CML

The Philadelphia chromosome

23
Q

What leukemia is found in the much older population and usually presents with no symptoms? What type of cell is found in this leukemia?

A

CLL

Slowest and sneakiest
Virgin B cell (smudge cells)

24
Q

Name the CA: 20yo or 60 yo age predominance. “single/asymptomatic node spreads,” unexplained recurrent fevers, night sweats.

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

25
Q

What cell is seen in Hodgkin’s disease?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

26
Q

MC Lymphoma, most deadly, associated with Burkitt’s and immunoblastic lymphomas

A

Non-hodgkins lymphoma

27
Q

B-lymphocyte tumor, LA in the maxilla or mandible, assoc w/ EBV in US, Malaria in Africa, predisposes to Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma.

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

28
Q

Tests for H. pylori.

A

Nitrogen breath test (sens)
Serum IgG
Serum IgM
Serum, Salivary, or Stool IgA (sens)

29
Q

Tests for syphilis

A

VDRL/RPR

30
Q

Gm + antimicrobials

A

Bacitracin
Vancomycin
Penicillin G

31
Q

Gm - antimicrobials

A

Aminoglycosides

Polymyxins

32
Q

Broad spectrum antimicrobials

A 
Quinolones
Ampicillin
Cephalosporins
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Sulfonamides
33
Q

Target INR on warfarin therapy?

A

2-3

34
Q

What problem might a pt with a potential penicillin allergy in taking a cephalosporin?

A

15% cross reactivity

35
Q

What virus is associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

EBV

36
Q

Symptom picture for multiple myeloma?

A

Calcemia (Hyper)
Renal failure
Anemia
Bony Lesions

37
Q

What workup would you find in dermatomyositis and polymyositis?

A

ANA pos in 30%
Elevated muscle enzymes
Inc creatinine kinase, ALT, AST
Muscle biopsy shows lymphocytic infiltrate

38
Q

What two conditions often have positive HLAB27?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

Reiter’s Syndrome (Reactive arthritis)

39
Q

What is the constellation of symptoms of Scleroderma?

A 
Calcification
Raynaud's 
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasias
40
Q

What lab work is indicated in a patient with SLE?

A

ANA - screen
Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Smith
Titers of Anti-dsDNA and C3, C4 to monitor treatment

41
Q

What dose of epi IM in anaphylaxis? Benadryl?

A

.3-.5 1:1000 IM, q5-15 min

50mg IV or IM q4-6hrs

NPLEX 2 (22 decks)

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