Nutrition

Question 1

What vitamin preserves glutathione?

Answer 1

Vit C

Question 2

What is the best antioxidant for LDL?

Answer 2

Vit E

Question 3

What is the difference between retinol and B-carotene?

Answer 3

B-carotene is two retinol

More difficult to break down to retinol in the body

Question 4

What considerations should you have when using therapeutic amino acids?

Answer 4

Ensure cofactors are administered with AA
Give away from food/protein
Divide doses > 1g
Managed blood sugar and thyroid levels

Question 5

What vitamin is used heavily in transaminase reactions?

Answer 5

B6 (if liver enzymes are elevated often indicates more of a need for B6)

Question 6

Name the macromineral:
Most abundant cation in the body
Functions in muscle contraction, myocardial contractility, propagation of nerve signals, blood coagulation, maintenance of selective membrane permeability, reg of many cell functions, bone matrix.

Answer 6

Ca!

Question 7

Name the macromineral:
Second most abundant mineral in the body
85% in bone
Functions in nucleic acids, cell membranes, energy-producing reaction, structural component of bone matrix.

Answer 7

Phosphorus

Question 8

Name the macromineral:
Functions as cofactor in various enzyme reactions including protein synthesis, cAMP formation, muscle contraction, fatty acid synthesis, RNA/DNA synthesis, activates B vit

Answer 8

Mg

Question 9

Name the macromineral:
Primarily extracellular ion
Maintains fluid balance between intra/extra cellular fluid compartments, acid base balance, nerve and muscle excitability.

Answer 9

Na

Question 10

Name the macromineral:
Primary intracellular io
Functions to maintain acid-base balance and excitability of nerves and muscles

Answer 10

Potassium (K)

Question 11

Name the micromineral:
Moste used in hemoglobin
Function in O2 transport, energy creation, and activation of oxygen

Answer 11

Fe

Question 12

Name the micromineral:
Functions as cofactor for enzymes for protein digestion and metabolism of alcohol, works in conj w/ Vit A needed for normal reproduction, cell division, wound healing, and vision/senses.

Answer 12

Zn

Question 13

Name the micromineral:
Needed for Fe mobilization from liver, cofactor for superoxide dismutase, collagen synthesis, blood clotting, and energy production, needed for enzyme breakdown of estrogens.

Answer 13

Cu

Question 14

Name the micromineral:

Part of enzyme glutathione peroxidase, protective in heavy metal toxicity (mercury)

Answer 14

Se

Question 15

Name the micromineral:

Part of B12

Answer 15

Cobalt

Question 16

Name the micromineral:

Normal component of calcified tissues

Answer 16

F

Question 17

Name the micromineral: Part of organic matrix of cartilage and bone

Answer 17

Si

Question 18

Name the micromineral:

Needed for normal cartilage formation, cholesterol synthesis, avoids fatty liver, and allows for normal brain chemistry

Answer 18

Mn

Question 19

Name the micromineral:

Needed for normal insulin function and glucose metabolism

Answer 19

Chromium

Question 20

Name the micromineral:

Essential for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones

Answer 20

Iodine

Question 21

T/F: High dose omega-3 can cause Vit A toxicity.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Food sources of iron.

Answer 22

Leafy greens, meat (chicken, beef, fish),

Question 23

What diet is used in GI diet?

Answer 23

Bland diet - low fiber, low irritant

CI in severe IBD, IBS

Question 24

What liquid diet can be indicated in Crohn’s?

Answer 24

Elemental diet

Difficult to maintain good nutritional status

Question 25

What condition is a high carbohydrate diet used for?

Answer 25

Malnutrition | CI for cavities

Question 26

What diet is used in epilepsy?

Answer 26

Ketogenic diet/High fat diet

Question 27

What diet is comprised of eating whole foods, vegetarian, less carbs, higher-quality complex carbs?

Answer 27

High fiber diet (low fat diet, pritikin, ornish)

Question 28

What diet is used in DM, anorexia, and obesity and is CI in kidney dz, OA, heart dz, and gout?

Answer 28

High protein diet, Atkins diet

Question 29

When is a low protein diet indicated?

Answer 29

Renal failure, gout

Question 30

When is a low protein diet indicated?

Answer 30

Renal failure, gout

Question 31

What is the portfolio diet used for? What does it include?

Answer 31

Cholesterol management | Nuts, plant sterols, viscous fiber, soy protein

Question 32

What conditions would you use the mediterranean diet for?

Answer 32

Heart health/dz, CA, Parkinson's, Alzheimer

Question 33

What Omega-3 is most helpful in dermatologic conditions? What dose?

Answer 33

EPA | 1-6g daily

Question 34

What Omega-3 is most helpful in brain conditions?

Answer 34

DHA

Question 35

What Omega-6 is the most therapeutic? What conditions would indicate Omega-6 use? Sources?

Answer 35

GLA Allergies, RA, Asthma Evening primrose, borage

Question 36

What conditions are benefited by Omega-9 (oleic acid)? | Sources?

Answer 36

Atherosclerosis, decreases BP/cholesterol | Olive oil, peanuts, avocado, almonds

Question 37

What are essential proteins?

Answer 37

PVT TIM HALL Phenylalanin Valine Threonine Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Argininine Lysine Leucine

Question 38

Name the amino acid: | Wound healing, release insulin, GABA precursor, male infertility, immune stimulation

Answer 38

Arginine | Arg, the pirate has sex!

Question 39

Name the amino acid: | Used in anemia, RA, allergies

Answer 39

Histidine

Question 40

Name the amino acid(s): | BCAAs - muscles strength, endurance, stamina

Answer 40

Isoleucine, leucine, and valine

Question 41

Name the amino acid: | HSV, lowers triglycerides, forms collagen/connective tissues

Answer 41

Lysine

Question 42

Name the amino acid: | Reduces cholesterol, antioxidant, hair/skin/nails due to sulfor, precursor for carnitine, melatonin, choline.

Answer 42

Methionine

Question 43

Name the amino acid: | Alcoholism, OA, depression, arthritis, can be used as monotherapy

Answer 43

SAMe

Question 44

Name the amino acid: Enhance mood, thought, conc, memory, suppress appetite, antidepressant. CI in phenylketonuria (PKU) Used in Parkinson's, depression, Brain conditions

Answer 44

Phenylalanine

Question 45

Name the amino acid: BRAIN Epilepsy, depression, MS, alcoholism, ALS Detox

Answer 45

Threonine

Question 46

Name the amino acid: | Depression, insomnia, pain, anxiety, migraines. Requires B6 (P5P) to be converted.

Answer 46

Tryptophan (5-HTP)

Question 47

Name the amino acid: Energy for MUSCLES, part of connective tissue BPH

Answer 47

Alanine

Question 48

Name the amino acid: | Excitatory, liver protective

Answer 48

Asparagine/Aspartic acid

Question 49

Name the amino acid: Antioxidant, skin growth/repair, hair ingredient. Chronic bronchitis (mucolytic)

Answer 49

Cysteine (NAC)

Question 50

``` Name the amino acid: Excitatory Precursor to glutamine and GABA Stop alcohol/sugar craving Inc energy ```

Answer 50

Glutamic acid

Question 51

Name the amino acid: Ulcers, leaky gut, IBS/IBD Precursor to GABA Highest blood conc

Answer 51

Glutamine

Question 52

``` Name the amino acid: Inhibitory Schizophrenia, panic, anxiety Helps with glycogen metabolism, glucagon production. CI: Antipsychotic meds (clozapine) ```

Answer 52

Glycine

Question 53

Name the amino acid: Cartilage, health of joints, tendons, ligaments Heart muscle function

Answer 53

Proline

Question 54

Name the amino acid: Blood sugar maintenance Immunity Myelin sheath (MS)

Answer 54

Serine

Question 55

``` Name the amino acid: HEART Stabilized cell membranes, anticonvulsant Cardiomyopathy, CHF, HTN Food for heart ```

Answer 55

Taurine

Question 56

Name the amino acid: Precursor to serotonin, thyroxine, L-dopa Requires B6 (P5P) to convert to NE Hypothyroidism, Parkinson's, Depression

Answer 56

Tyrosine

Question 57

What lab monitoring for Vit A? Food sources?

Answer 57

Liver biopsy (most sensitive/specific), serum retinol Fish, liver, dairy

Question 58

Indications for Vit A?

Answer 58

Immune, skin, eyes

Question 59

What vitamin is NOT FOR SMOKERS?

Answer 59

Beta-carotene - increased risk in smokers

Question 60

What condition is Biotin CI in?

Answer 60

Psoriasis

Question 61

Thiamine (B1) indications?

Answer 61

Alcoholism, neurologic, fibrocystic breast dz

Question 62

Riboflavin (B2) indications?

Answer 62

Cataract, mag degen, migraine, muscle cramps

Question 63

Niacin (B3) indications? What is a side effect of high dose niacin?

Answer 63

Hyperlipidemia, DM, migraines, schizophrenia Flushing

Question 64

Niacin (amides) tend to be used for what conditions? Niacin/nicotinic acid?

Answer 64

Psychiatric conditions Lipids (raises HDL, better than anything)

Question 65

Pantothenic acid (B5) indications?

Answer 65

Adrenals, allergic rhinitis

Question 66

Pyridoxine (B6) indications? Safety consideration?

Answer 66

Pain, nausea, PMS, depression, diabetes, asthma, etc. >500mg/d periph neuropathy

Question 67

Cobalamin (B12) indications?

Answer 67

Megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, memory loss, periph neuropathy.

Question 68

What must be given w/ B12 to prevent deficiency?

Answer 68

Folate

Question 69

Folate/Folic acid indications? Food sources

Answer 69

Anemia, cervical dysplasia, cancer, neurological, oral dz Liver, greens, beets

Question 70

Vit C indications? Toxicity issues?

Answer 70

CA, immune, colds, CVD, asthma, allergies Dialysis, diarrhea, iron overload Doses 1-2 gram to bowel tolerance

Question 71

Vit D indications? Toxicity issues?

Answer 71

Osteoporosis, bone, hypoparathyroidism, CA > 10 IU over 6 mo potentially unsafe

Question 72

Vit E indications? Toxicity issues?

Answer 72

Brain issues, alzheimer, parkinson, memory, cognition, atherosclerosis, PMS, CA Synthetic forms may inc risk/cause CA

Question 73

Vit K indications? Which K is used most often in supplementation?

Answer 73

Klotting d/t deficiency, osteoporosis K2 Dark leafy greens

Question 74

Boron indication?

Answer 74

Osteoporosis

Question 75

Calcium indication?

Answer 75

Bone, muscle (tetany, spasm), allergies

Question 76

Magnesium indication? What are the different forms used for?

Answer 76

Muscle relaxant, HTN, restless leg syndrome, migraines, asthma, laxative Citrate - well absorbed Carbonate - more laxative effects Bisglycinate - muscle pain/spasms Malate - chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia (energy production)

Question 77

Chromium indication?

Answer 77

Blood sugar regulation | Hypo or Hyper

Question 78

Copper indication? Copper is depleted by what other mineral? What ratio?

Answer 78

Immune, bone, anemia Zinc Zinc: Copper = 20:1

Question 79

Fluoride indication? Toxicity issues?

Answer 79

teeth, dental caries CNS damage

Question 80

Iodine indications? Toxicity issues?

Answer 80

COPD, CF, sinusitis, fibrocystic breast, thyroid issues Hypothyroidism goiter

Question 81

Manganese indications?

Answer 81

DM, immune issues, arthritis

Question 82

Molybdenum indications?

Answer 82

Asthma

Question 83

Potassium indications? Food sources? Risks?

Answer 83

People that are depleted - athletes, crohn's eating disorders, smokers, drug/alcohol users Banana, avocado, nuts, citrus fruit, greens Intx w/ drugs, kidney, DM, heart dz - more risk overdose: confusion, low BP, irreg HR Normal dose 4700mg daily

Question 84

Selenium indications? Risk?

Answer 84

Atherosclerosis, eyes, CA, immun, thyroid (antioxidant) Standard dose is 200mcg qd. Narrow margin of safety when > 600mcg

Question 85

Silicon indication?

Answer 85

Osteoporosis

Question 86

Sodium indication?

Answer 86

Hypotension, dehydration (IV)

Question 87

Zinc indications?

Answer 87

Skin, immune, prostate health Large doses can cause Copper deficiency 25-50mg (anything higher, be cautious)

Question 88

Vanadium indication?

Answer 88

DM (mcg)

Question 89

GABA indication?

Answer 89

Relaxation, anxiety, sleep (500-1500mg) | Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 90

Carnitine indications? Acetyl-L-carnitine indications?

Answer 90

HEART (angina, CHF, intermittent claudication) BRAIN (dementia, alzheimer, depression, alcohol) Also cataracts, nerve pain, infertility

Question 91

Choline indications?

Answer 91

BRAIN Alcoholism, epilepsy, memory loss As a component of lecithin (good for liver health)

Question 92

CoQ10 indications? What depletes CoQ10?

Answer 92

Heart, muscles HTN Depleted by statins Doses 100-250mg

Question 93

Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) indications?

Answer 93

Alzheimer, tardive dyskinesia, ADHD Found in fish Used to boost brain, precursor to acetylcholine

Question 94

Dimethyl sulfoxid (DMSO) indications?

Answer 94

DMSO is SO good at promoting healing - oral, topical, or IV Antioxidant, NSAID for injury or arthritis

Question 95

Flavonoid indications?

Answer 95

Inflammation, anti-allergy, CVD, DM, herpes, venous insufficiency 500-1500 mg

Question 96

Glucosamine/Chondroitin sulfate indicationS?

Answer 96

Osteoarthritis | Builds cartilage, but requires higher dose > 1-3g, needs to be taken young and for a long period of time.

Question 97

Glutathione indications?

Answer 97

Detox, conditions of oxidative stress Aids, liver dz, DM, cataract Can be nebulized, but CI with pts with sulfide allergy (sensitive to wine) or asthma

Question 98

Indole-3-Carbinol or DIM indications? Food sources?

Answer 98

CA prevention (esp breast and cervical) Cruciferous veg (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale)

Question 99

Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) indications?

Answer 99

Arteries | Atherosclerosis, hypercholesterol, DM, periph vacular dz

Question 100

Myo Inositol indications?

Answer 100

PCOS, fertility

Question 101

Isoflavone indications? Dose?

Answer 101

"estrogen conditions" Menopause, PMS, endometriosis, fibroids Dose: 2 tbs daily

Question 102

Methylsufonyl methane (MSM) indications?

Answer 102

Skin, pain relief, anti-inflam, anti-allergy | Some topical, can be oral

Question 103

Para-amino Benzoic acid (PABA) indications?

Answer 103

Skin, scars, sunscreen | Used topically

Question 104

Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin) indications?

Answer 104

Hepatoprotective, Alzheimer's, hypercholesterol

Question 105

Phosphatidylserine indications?

Answer 105

BRAIN Alzheimer, Parkinson's, depression, stress Age-related cog decline

Question 106

Policosanol indications?

Answer 106

Hypercholesterolemia, PCOS

Question 107

Superoxide dismutase indications?

Answer 107

Free radical scavenger | Oxidative stress conditions, antioxidant

Question 108

Amylase indication?

Answer 108

Carbohydrate digestion

Question 109

Beta-galactosidase indication?

Answer 109

Lactose intolerance, lactase digestion

Question 110

HCl (betaine glutamic hydrochloric acid) indication? Safety concern?

Answer 110

Hypo or achlorhydria Ulcer formation Elderly are low in HCl, Acne rosacea

Question 111

Lipase

Answer 111

Fat malabsorption | Useful in GB removal

Question 112

Pancreatin indications?

Answer 112

Protein malabsorption | Systemic anti inflammatory

Question 113

Papain/Bromelain indication?

Answer 113

Systemic use for inflammation | Take away from food.

Question 114

If using enzymes to digest food take ______ . If using enzymes for systemic inflammation ______.

Answer 114

With food Away from food

Question 115

Pepsin/protease indications?

Answer 115

Protein malabsorption

Question 116

Where is B12 absorbed? And what is required?

Answer 116

Terminal ileum | Acid and Intrinsic factor