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NPLEX 2 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What vitamin preserves glutathione?

A

Vit C

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2
Q

What is the best antioxidant for LDL?

A

Vit E

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3
Q

What is the difference between retinol and B-carotene?

A

B-carotene is two retinol

More difficult to break down to retinol in the body

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4
Q

What considerations should you have when using therapeutic amino acids?

A

Ensure cofactors are administered with AA
Give away from food/protein
Divide doses > 1g
Managed blood sugar and thyroid levels

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5
Q

What vitamin is used heavily in transaminase reactions?

A

B6 (if liver enzymes are elevated often indicates more of a need for B6)

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6
Q

Name the macromineral:
Most abundant cation in the body
Functions in muscle contraction, myocardial contractility, propagation of nerve signals, blood coagulation, maintenance of selective membrane permeability, reg of many cell functions, bone matrix.

A

Ca!

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7
Q

Name the macromineral:
Second most abundant mineral in the body
85% in bone
Functions in nucleic acids, cell membranes, energy-producing reaction, structural component of bone matrix.

A

Phosphorus

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8
Q

Name the macromineral:
Functions as cofactor in various enzyme reactions including protein synthesis, cAMP formation, muscle contraction, fatty acid synthesis, RNA/DNA synthesis, activates B vit

A

Mg

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9
Q

Name the macromineral:
Primarily extracellular ion
Maintains fluid balance between intra/extra cellular fluid compartments, acid base balance, nerve and muscle excitability.

A

Na

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10
Q

Name the macromineral:
Primary intracellular io
Functions to maintain acid-base balance and excitability of nerves and muscles

A

Potassium (K)

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11
Q

Name the micromineral:
Moste used in hemoglobin
Function in O2 transport, energy creation, and activation of oxygen

A

Fe

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12
Q

Name the micromineral:
Functions as cofactor for enzymes for protein digestion and metabolism of alcohol, works in conj w/ Vit A needed for normal reproduction, cell division, wound healing, and vision/senses.

A

Zn

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13
Q

Name the micromineral:
Needed for Fe mobilization from liver, cofactor for superoxide dismutase, collagen synthesis, blood clotting, and energy production, needed for enzyme breakdown of estrogens.

A

Cu

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14
Q

Name the micromineral:

Part of enzyme glutathione peroxidase, protective in heavy metal toxicity (mercury)

A

Se

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15
Q

Name the micromineral:

Part of B12

A

Cobalt

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16
Q

Name the micromineral:

Normal component of calcified tissues

A

F

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17
Q

Name the micromineral: Part of organic matrix of cartilage and bone

A

Si

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18
Q

Name the micromineral:

Needed for normal cartilage formation, cholesterol synthesis, avoids fatty liver, and allows for normal brain chemistry

A

Mn

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19
Q

Name the micromineral:

Needed for normal insulin function and glucose metabolism

A

Chromium

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20
Q

Name the micromineral:

Essential for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones

A

Iodine

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21
Q

T/F: High dose omega-3 can cause Vit A toxicity.

A

T

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22
Q

Food sources of iron.

A

Leafy greens, meat (chicken, beef, fish),

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23
Q

What diet is used in GI diet?

A

Bland diet - low fiber, low irritant

CI in severe IBD, IBS

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24
Q

What liquid diet can be indicated in Crohn’s?

A

Elemental diet

Difficult to maintain good nutritional status

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25
Q

What condition is a high carbohydrate diet used for?

A

Malnutrition

CI for cavities

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26
Q

What diet is used in epilepsy?

A

Ketogenic diet/High fat diet

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27
Q

What diet is comprised of eating whole foods, vegetarian, less carbs, higher-quality complex carbs?

A

High fiber diet (low fat diet, pritikin, ornish)

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28
Q

What diet is used in DM, anorexia, and obesity and is CI in kidney dz, OA, heart dz, and gout?

A

High protein diet, Atkins diet

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29
Q

When is a low protein diet indicated?

A

Renal failure, gout

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30
Q

When is a low protein diet indicated?

A

Renal failure, gout

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31
Q

What is the portfolio diet used for? What does it include?

A

Cholesterol management

Nuts, plant sterols, viscous fiber, soy protein

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32
Q

What conditions would you use the mediterranean diet for?

A

Heart health/dz, CA, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer

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33
Q

What Omega-3 is most helpful in dermatologic conditions? What dose?

A

EPA

1-6g daily

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34
Q

What Omega-3 is most helpful in brain conditions?

A

DHA

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35
Q

What Omega-6 is the most therapeutic? What conditions would indicate Omega-6 use? Sources?

A

GLA
Allergies, RA, Asthma
Evening primrose, borage

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36
Q

What conditions are benefited by Omega-9 (oleic acid)?

Sources?

A

Atherosclerosis, decreases BP/cholesterol

Olive oil, peanuts, avocado, almonds

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37
Q

What are essential proteins?

A

PVT TIM HALL
Phenylalanin
Valine
Threonine

Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine

Histidine
Argininine
Lysine
Leucine

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38
Q

Name the amino acid:

Wound healing, release insulin, GABA precursor, male infertility, immune stimulation

A

Arginine

Arg, the pirate has sex!

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39
Q

Name the amino acid:

Used in anemia, RA, allergies

A

Histidine

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40
Q

Name the amino acid(s):

BCAAs - muscles strength, endurance, stamina

A

Isoleucine, leucine, and valine

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41
Q

Name the amino acid:

HSV, lowers triglycerides, forms collagen/connective tissues

A

Lysine

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42
Q

Name the amino acid:

Reduces cholesterol, antioxidant, hair/skin/nails due to sulfor, precursor for carnitine, melatonin, choline.

A

Methionine

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43
Q

Name the amino acid:

Alcoholism, OA, depression, arthritis, can be used as monotherapy

A

SAMe

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44
Q

Name the amino acid:
Enhance mood, thought, conc, memory, suppress appetite, antidepressant.
CI in phenylketonuria (PKU)
Used in Parkinson’s, depression, Brain conditions

A

Phenylalanine

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45
Q

Name the amino acid:
BRAIN
Epilepsy, depression, MS, alcoholism, ALS
Detox

A

Threonine

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46
Q

Name the amino acid:

Depression, insomnia, pain, anxiety, migraines. Requires B6 (P5P) to be converted.

A

Tryptophan (5-HTP)

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47
Q

Name the amino acid:
Energy for MUSCLES, part of connective tissue
BPH

A

Alanine

48
Q

Name the amino acid:

Excitatory, liver protective

A

Asparagine/Aspartic acid

49
Q

Name the amino acid:
Antioxidant, skin growth/repair, hair ingredient.

Chronic bronchitis (mucolytic)

A

Cysteine (NAC)

50
Q 
Name the amino acid: 
Excitatory
Precursor to glutamine and GABA 
Stop alcohol/sugar craving
Inc energy
A

Glutamic acid

51
Q

Name the amino acid:
Ulcers, leaky gut, IBS/IBD
Precursor to GABA
Highest blood conc

A

Glutamine

52
Q 
Name the amino acid: 
Inhibitory 
Schizophrenia, panic, anxiety 
Helps with glycogen metabolism, glucagon production. 
CI: Antipsychotic meds (clozapine)
A

Glycine

53
Q

Name the amino acid:
Cartilage, health of joints, tendons, ligaments
Heart muscle function

A

Proline

54
Q

Name the amino acid:
Blood sugar maintenance
Immunity
Myelin sheath (MS)

A

Serine

55
Q 
Name the amino acid: 
HEART 
Stabilized cell membranes, anticonvulsant 
Cardiomyopathy, CHF, HTN 
Food for heart
A

Taurine

56
Q

Name the amino acid:
Precursor to serotonin, thyroxine, L-dopa
Requires B6 (P5P) to convert to NE
Hypothyroidism, Parkinson’s, Depression

A

Tyrosine

57
Q

What lab monitoring for Vit A? Food sources?

A

Liver biopsy (most sensitive/specific), serum retinol

Fish, liver, dairy

58
Q

Indications for Vit A?

A

Immune, skin, eyes

59
Q

What vitamin is NOT FOR SMOKERS?

A

Beta-carotene - increased risk in smokers

60
Q

What condition is Biotin CI in?

A

Psoriasis

61
Q

Thiamine (B1) indications?

A

Alcoholism, neurologic, fibrocystic breast dz

62
Q

Riboflavin (B2) indications?

A

Cataract, mag degen, migraine, muscle cramps

63
Q

Niacin (B3) indications? What is a side effect of high dose niacin?

A

Hyperlipidemia, DM, migraines, schizophrenia

Flushing

64
Q

Niacin (amides) tend to be used for what conditions? Niacin/nicotinic acid?

A

Psychiatric conditions

Lipids (raises HDL, better than anything)

65
Q

Pantothenic acid (B5) indications?

A

Adrenals, allergic rhinitis

66
Q

Pyridoxine (B6) indications? Safety consideration?

A

Pain, nausea, PMS, depression, diabetes, asthma, etc.

> 500mg/d periph neuropathy

67
Q

Cobalamin (B12) indications?

A

Megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, memory loss, periph neuropathy.

68
Q

What must be given w/ B12 to prevent deficiency?

A

Folate

69
Q

Folate/Folic acid indications? Food sources

A

Anemia, cervical dysplasia, cancer, neurological, oral dz

Liver, greens, beets

70
Q

Vit C indications? Toxicity issues?

A

CA, immune, colds, CVD, asthma, allergies

Dialysis, diarrhea, iron overload
Doses 1-2 gram to bowel tolerance

71
Q

Vit D indications? Toxicity issues?

A

Osteoporosis, bone, hypoparathyroidism, CA

> 10 IU over 6 mo potentially unsafe

72
Q

Vit E indications? Toxicity issues?

A

Brain issues, alzheimer, parkinson, memory, cognition, atherosclerosis, PMS, CA

Synthetic forms may inc risk/cause CA

73
Q

Vit K indications? Which K is used most often in supplementation?

A

Klotting d/t deficiency, osteoporosis

K2

Dark leafy greens

74
Q

Boron indication?

A

Osteoporosis

75
Q

Calcium indication?

A

Bone, muscle (tetany, spasm), allergies

76
Q

Magnesium indication? What are the different forms used for?

A

Muscle relaxant, HTN, restless leg syndrome, migraines, asthma, laxative

Citrate - well absorbed
Carbonate - more laxative effects
Bisglycinate - muscle pain/spasms
Malate - chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia (energy production)

77
Q

Chromium indication?

A

Blood sugar regulation

Hypo or Hyper

78
Q

Copper indication? Copper is depleted by what other mineral? What ratio?

A

Immune, bone, anemia

Zinc

Zinc: Copper = 20:1

79
Q

Fluoride indication? Toxicity issues?

A

teeth, dental caries

CNS damage

80
Q

Iodine indications? Toxicity issues?

A

COPD, CF, sinusitis, fibrocystic breast, thyroid issues

Hypothyroidism goiter

81
Q

Manganese indications?

A

DM, immune issues, arthritis

82
Q

Molybdenum indications?

A

Asthma

83
Q

Potassium indications? Food sources? Risks?

A

People that are depleted - athletes, crohn’s eating disorders, smokers, drug/alcohol users

Banana, avocado, nuts, citrus fruit, greens

Intx w/ drugs, kidney, DM, heart dz - more risk overdose: confusion, low BP, irreg HR

Normal dose 4700mg daily

84
Q

Selenium indications? Risk?

A

Atherosclerosis, eyes, CA, immun, thyroid (antioxidant)

Standard dose is 200mcg qd. Narrow margin of safety when > 600mcg

85
Q

Silicon indication?

A

Osteoporosis

86
Q

Sodium indication?

A

Hypotension, dehydration (IV)

87
Q

Zinc indications?

A

Skin, immune, prostate health

Large doses can cause Copper deficiency
25-50mg (anything higher, be cautious)

88
Q

Vanadium indication?

A

DM (mcg)

89
Q

GABA indication?

A

Relaxation, anxiety, sleep (500-1500mg)

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

90
Q

Carnitine indications? Acetyl-L-carnitine indications?

A

HEART (angina, CHF, intermittent claudication)

BRAIN (dementia, alzheimer, depression, alcohol)

Also cataracts, nerve pain, infertility

91
Q

Choline indications?

A

BRAIN
Alcoholism, epilepsy, memory loss

As a component of lecithin (good for liver health)

92
Q

CoQ10 indications? What depletes CoQ10?

A

Heart, muscles
HTN
Depleted by statins

Doses 100-250mg

93
Q

Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) indications?

A

Alzheimer, tardive dyskinesia, ADHD
Found in fish
Used to boost brain, precursor to acetylcholine

94
Q

Dimethyl sulfoxid (DMSO) indications?

A

DMSO is SO good at promoting healing - oral, topical, or IV

Antioxidant, NSAID for injury or arthritis

95
Q

Flavonoid indications?

A

Inflammation, anti-allergy, CVD, DM, herpes, venous insufficiency

500-1500 mg

96
Q

Glucosamine/Chondroitin sulfate indicationS?

A

Osteoarthritis

Builds cartilage, but requires higher dose > 1-3g, needs to be taken young and for a long period of time.

97
Q

Glutathione indications?

A

Detox, conditions of oxidative stress
Aids, liver dz, DM, cataract

Can be nebulized, but CI with pts with sulfide allergy (sensitive to wine) or asthma

98
Q

Indole-3-Carbinol or DIM indications? Food sources?

A

CA prevention (esp breast and cervical)

Cruciferous veg (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale)

99
Q

Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) indications?

A

Arteries

Atherosclerosis, hypercholesterol, DM, periph vacular dz

100
Q

Myo Inositol indications?

A

PCOS, fertility

101
Q

Isoflavone indications? Dose?

A

“estrogen conditions”
Menopause, PMS, endometriosis, fibroids
Dose: 2 tbs daily

102
Q

Methylsufonyl methane (MSM) indications?

A

Skin, pain relief, anti-inflam, anti-allergy

Some topical, can be oral

103
Q

Para-amino Benzoic acid (PABA) indications?

A

Skin, scars, sunscreen

Used topically

104
Q

Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin) indications?

A

Hepatoprotective, Alzheimer’s, hypercholesterol

105
Q

Phosphatidylserine indications?

A

BRAIN
Alzheimer, Parkinson’s, depression, stress
Age-related cog decline

106
Q

Policosanol indications?

A

Hypercholesterolemia, PCOS

107
Q

Superoxide dismutase indications?

A

Free radical scavenger

Oxidative stress conditions, antioxidant

108
Q

Amylase indication?

A

Carbohydrate digestion

109
Q

Beta-galactosidase indication?

A

Lactose intolerance, lactase digestion

110
Q

HCl (betaine glutamic hydrochloric acid) indication? Safety concern?

A

Hypo or achlorhydria

Ulcer formation
Elderly are low in HCl, Acne rosacea

111
Q

Lipase

A

Fat malabsorption

Useful in GB removal

112
Q

Pancreatin indications?

A

Protein malabsorption

Systemic anti inflammatory

113
Q

Papain/Bromelain indication?

A

Systemic use for inflammation

Take away from food.

114
Q

If using enzymes to digest food take ______ . If using enzymes for systemic inflammation ______.

A

With food

Away from food

115
Q

Pepsin/protease indications?

A

Protein malabsorption

116
Q

Where is B12 absorbed? And what is required?

A

Terminal ileum

Acid and Intrinsic factor

NPLEX 2 (22 decks)

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