Orthopedic Flashcards
Name the Salter-Harris fracture:
1) Halfway through the growth plate
2) Straight through the growth plate
3) Breaks the epiphyseal plate in half
4) Crush injury - crushing the growth plate
5) Breaks halfway through the growth plate into the epiphysis and metaphysis
1) Type II (M)
2) Type I
3) Type III (E)
4) Type V
5) Type IV (ME)
Name the cervical spine fracture:
1) Result of flexion injury in the lower cervical spine in which the spinous process is broken or fractured.
2) Occurs frequently in a motor vehicle accident or in hangings. It is a bilateral pedicle fracture with anterior displacement of C2.
3) Caused by heavy object falling directly on head or hitting head while diving. Consists of at least two fractures of C1.
1) Clay Shoveler’s
2) Hangman’s
3) Jefferson’s
Name the thoracolumbar spine fracture:
1) Horizontal fracture of a vertebra, usually result of a motor vehicle accident where the seat belt immobilizes the pelvis but the upper body is thrust forward.
2) Horizontal fracture of a vertebra, usually result of a motor vehicle accident where the seat belt immobilizes the pelvis but the upper body is thrust forward.
3) Defect in the pars interarticularis, appears as a collar on the “Scottie dog”. Best seen on oblique view.
4) Bilateral pars interarticularis defect.
1) Chance
2) Burst/Compression
3) Spondylolysis
4) Spondylotisthesis
Name the wrist fracture:
1)Distal radial fracture posteriorly displaced.
2)Distal radial fracture anteriorly displaced.
3)Most common fractured carpal bone, may give rise to avascular necrosis.
Pain in the anatomical snuffbox!
1) Colles’
2) Smith’s
3) Scaphoid
Name the hand fracture:
1) Fracture of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
2) Fracture through the base of the first (thumb) metacarpal
3) Fracture of the 5th metacarpal.
4) Fracture of the 3rd metacarpal.
1) Gamekeeper’s Thumb or Skier’s Thumb
2) Bennett’s Fracture
3) Boxer’s Fracture
4) Bar room/Brawler’s Fracture
Name the Pelvis fracture:
1) Fracture through ischiopubic rami on one side and fracture of SI joint on the other side.
2) Fracture through the ischiopubic rami and SI joint on the same side.
3) A small piece of bone is separated from the origin or insertion site of a tendon.
1) Bucket Handle Fracture
2) Malgaine Fracture:
3) Avulsion Fracture
Name the Elbow fracture:
1) difficult to see, but look for anterior and posterior fat pad signs.
2) Caused by receiving a blow when protecting onself, dislocation of radial head and fracture of the ulna.
3) Caused by falling on outstretched hand and dislocating the distal radio-ulnar joint and fracturing the distal radius.
1) Radial Head fracture
2) Monteggia Fracture-dislocation (night-stick)
3) Galeazzi Fracture-dislocationElbow
Mnemnonic:
Policeman Radii Galeazzi tried to hit thief Ulna Monteggia for stealing his bike. Ulna Monteggia blocked the blow to his forarm and tripped Policeman Radii Galezzi who fell on his outstretched hand.
Name the Upper Limb injuries:
1) Diagnosed with X-ray taken with patient holding weights, 3 grades.
2) occurs most frequently in the middle third of the bone.
1) AC Joint Separation
2) Clavicular fracture
Indications for a bone scan - radiographic tracer Tcn99m phosphate or gallium 67 citrate
Osteomyelitis
Bony neoplasm/METS
Occult vertebral fracture
What are the disadvantages of bone scan?
False pos in older people w/ OA
False neg with diffuse bony METS and mult myeloma
What are the disadvantages of bone scan?
False pos in older people w/ OA
False neg with diffuse bony METS and mult myeloma
What is the MC muscular dystrophy in children? MC in adults?
Duchenne’s
Myotonic
What are SSX of Duchenne’s MD?
Muscle replaced by fat/pseudo-hypertorphy of calves.
Gower’s sign +
What test is used to diagnose Myasthenia gravis?
Tensilon test
Antibodies to ACH receptors
What test is used to diagnose Myasthenia gravis?
Tensilon test
Antibodies to ACH receptors
MC benign bone tumor
Osteochondroma - risk of chondrosarcoma w/ multiple lesions
Osteitis deformans or Paget’s dz presents with what SSX?
Lytic mixed with sclerotic areas - esp skull, bowing femur/tibia, OA, pathological fracture
Term: Demineralization of bone
Osteomalacia
What is the MC primary malignant bone tumor (age)? What is the second MC primary malignant bone tumor (age)? What is the more common bone tumor in the young?
Chondrosarcoma (middle age)
Osteosarcoma (elderly)
Ewing’s sarcoma
With unilateral joint inflammation, what two conditions are high on your DDX?
Gouty and infectious arthritis
Which arthritis conditions are HLA B27+?
Psoriatic, Enteropathogenic, and Reactive arthritis
What are some ominous signs of bone/musculoskeletal pain?
Pt > 50 yo Hx of CA Trauma Systemic symptoms of inflammation Not better lying down/rest Osteoporosis Neurological ssx (bowel/bladder incontinence) Referred pain
What is mandatory in a febrile pt with joint effusion?
Arthrocentesis
What is the work-up for suspected RA?
RF and ANA antibody
