Cardiology Flashcards
What are the ECG findings in pericarditis?
diffuse ST elevation, PR depression
What are the ECG findings in myocarditis?
non-specific ST changes
What are the ECG findings in endocarditis?
Inc PR interval (perivalvular abscess)
What are the ECG findings in dilated cardiomyopathy?
non-spec ST-T changes and Q waves.
What are the ECG findings in restrictive cardiomyopathy?
non spec ST changes
What are the ECG findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
abn Q wave, short PR int
What are the ECG findings in a MI?
Q waves, ST elev, inverted T wav
Name the heart block :
1) no relationship between P waves and QRS compled
2) long PR int, P waves present
3) QRS does not follow each P
1) 3rd deg
2) 1st deg
3) 2nd deg
Mobitz I vs Mobitz II
I) QRS does NOT follow each P, PR int inc progressively
II) PR steady, irreg P waves
BP of hypertensive crisis
> 180/>120
What is an abnormal ankle-brachial index?
less than or equal to .9
rest pain at .3
claudication at .6
What condition is characterized by thrombosis of the inferior vena cava resulting in abd pain, enlaged liver, and ascites?
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Symptom triad of a dissecting abd aorta…
Pulsatile abd mass, hypotension, pain
List the MI markers and time frame.
Troponin I: 2-4 hrs post CK/MB: 4-6 hrs post Myoglobin 4-8 hrs post AST: 6-36 hrs post LDH1> LDH2: 12-48 hrs post
What are the ECG findings in hypokalemia?
flat T wave, U wave
What are the ECG findings in hyperkalemia?
wide P & QRS, peaked T wave
What are the ECG findings in hypocalcemia?
long QT
What are the ECG findings in hypercalcemia?
short QT
What are the ECG findings in digitalis toxicity?
Scooped ST
Which lab tests for internal clotting cascade?
PTT (PuT iT in)
Which lab test for ext clotting?
PT/INR (PuT out)
What is the mechanism of warfarin?
Vit K antagonist (affects factors 2, 7, 9, and 10)
What is the mechanism for Heparin?
Binds antithrombin III
T/F: LDH1 is normally greated than LDH2
False, only with cardiac damage
What does the P wave on an ECG mostly indicate?
Atrial depolarization
What does the QRS complex on an ECG mostly indicate?
Vent depolarization
What does the T wave on an ECG mostly indicate?
Vent repolarization
What are the types of large, medium and small vasculitis?
Large: giant cell arteritis, Tay Sach’s dz
Medium: polyarteritis nodosa, kawasaki’s dz
Small - ANCA and non ANCA
Emergent tx for MI
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
Are systolic or diastolic murmurs more concerning?
Diastolic
ECG finding in mitral stenosis?
Notched P wave
Which type of murmur is worse? Diastolic or systolic?
Diastolic - heart should be at rest
