Cardiology

Question 1

What are the ECG findings in pericarditis?

Answer 1

diffuse ST elevation, PR depression

Question 2

What are the ECG findings in myocarditis?

Answer 2

non-specific ST changes

Question 3

What are the ECG findings in endocarditis?

Answer 3

Inc PR interval (perivalvular abscess)

Question 4

What are the ECG findings in dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

non-spec ST-T changes and Q waves.

Question 5

What are the ECG findings in restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 5

non spec ST changes

Question 6

What are the ECG findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 6

abn Q wave, short PR int

Question 7

What are the ECG findings in a MI?

Answer 7

Q waves, ST elev, inverted T wav

Question 8

Name the heart block :

1) no relationship between P waves and QRS compled
2) long PR int, P waves present
3) QRS does not follow each P

Answer 8

1) 3rd deg
2) 1st deg
3) 2nd deg

Question 9

Mobitz I vs Mobitz II

Answer 9

I) QRS does NOT follow each P, PR int inc progressively

II) PR steady, irreg P waves

Question 10

BP of hypertensive crisis

Answer 10

> 180/>120

Question 11

What is an abnormal ankle-brachial index?

Answer 11

less than or equal to .9
rest pain at .3
claudication at .6

Question 12

What condition is characterized by thrombosis of the inferior vena cava resulting in abd pain, enlaged liver, and ascites?

Answer 12

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Question 13

Symptom triad of a dissecting abd aorta…

Answer 13

Pulsatile abd mass, hypotension, pain

Question 14

List the MI markers and time frame.

Answer 14

Troponin I: 2-4 hrs post
CK/MB: 4-6 hrs post 
Myoglobin 4-8 hrs post
AST: 6-36 hrs post 
LDH1> LDH2: 12-48 hrs post

Question 15

What are the ECG findings in hypokalemia?

Answer 15

flat T wave, U wave

Question 16

What are the ECG findings in hyperkalemia?

Answer 16

wide P & QRS, peaked T wave

Question 17

What are the ECG findings in hypocalcemia?

Answer 17

long QT

Question 18

What are the ECG findings in hypercalcemia?

Answer 18

short QT

Question 19

What are the ECG findings in digitalis toxicity?

Answer 19

Scooped ST

Question 20

Which lab tests for internal clotting cascade?

Answer 20

PTT (PuT iT in)

Question 21

Which lab test for ext clotting?

Answer 21

PT/INR (PuT out)

Question 22

What is the mechanism of warfarin?

Answer 22

Vit K antagonist (affects factors 2, 7, 9, and 10)

Question 23

What is the mechanism for Heparin?

Answer 23

Binds antithrombin III

Question 24

T/F: LDH1 is normally greated than LDH2

Answer 24

False, only with cardiac damage

Question 25

What does the P wave on an ECG mostly indicate?

Answer 25

Atrial depolarization

Question 26

What does the QRS complex on an ECG mostly indicate?

Answer 26

Vent depolarization

Question 27

What does the T wave on an ECG mostly indicate?

Answer 27

Vent repolarization

Question 28

What are the types of large, medium and small vasculitis?

Answer 28

Large: giant cell arteritis, Tay Sach’s dz
Medium: polyarteritis nodosa, kawasaki’s dz
Small - ANCA and non ANCA

Question 29

Emergent tx for MI

Answer 29

Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin

Question 30

Are systolic or diastolic murmurs more concerning?

Answer 30

Diastolic

Question 31

ECG finding in mitral stenosis?

Answer 31

Notched P wave

Question 32

Which type of murmur is worse? Diastolic or systolic?

Answer 32

Diastolic - heart should be at rest