Urology - Common Conditions

Question 1

UTI common organisms mnemonic?

Answer 1

SEEK PP
s. sprophyticus
ecoli
enterococci
Klebsiella
proteus
pseudomonas

Question 2

risk factors for UTIs

Answer 2

statis/obstruction
foreign body
immunosuppression/diabetes
trauma, antomy, female, sexual activity

Question 3

empiric therapy for uncomplicated UTIs?

Answer 3

nitrofurantoin 100mg, PO, BD 5/7

TMP/SMX 1DS tab PO, BD 3/7

Question 4

febrile UTIs in women rule out?

Answer 4

pyelonephritis

Question 5

febrile UTIs in men rule out?

Answer 5

prostatitis

Question 6

pyelonephritis etiology?

Answer 6

ascending gram neg bacilli

hematogenous GP cocci

Question 7

common causes of pyelonephritis?

Answer 7

stones, 
obstruction, 
DM, 
immunosuppression
preg

Question 8

clinical presentation of pyelonephritis?

Answer 8

rapid onset
LUTS, usually not dysuria
fever, chills, rigours, n/v/myalgia, malaise
costovertebral angle tenderness, exquisite flank pain

Question 9

Rx of pyelonephritis haemodynamically stable?

Answer 9

cipro 500mg, Po BD 7/7

Question 10

when to admit for pyelonephritis?

Answer 10

no improvement after 48 hours on Abx

dehydration/sepsis

Question 11

risk factors of renal/ureteric stones?

Answer 11

fhx
DMII, UTI
gout
malignancy
obesity
hypercalcaemia

Question 12

lifestyle factors of renal/ureteric stones?

Answer 12

decrease fluid intake
inactivity
excess vitamin C
oxalate
purines
calcium
malnutrition

Question 13

what medications risk factors of renal/ureteric stones?

Answer 13

indinavir
diuretics
chemo
steroids

Question 14

ddx of renal colic? GU, Abdo, Neuro?

Answer 14

GU: pyelo, gyne

abdo: AAA, bowel isch, pancreatitis
neuro: radiculitis L1, herpes Zoster, nerve root compression

Question 15

investigations for renal colic?

Answer 15

bloods: CBC, UEC, Urine C&S

KUB CT, x-ray

Question 16

what size stones pass spontaneously in 75% of patients?

Answer 16

<5mm

Question 17

hydronephrosis definition?

Answer 17

dilation of renal pelvis and calyces, impaired antegrade flow

Question 18

etiology of hydronephrosis?

Answer 18

mechanical

functional neurogenic, pharma, preg

Question 19

management of stones, medical?

Answer 19

analgesia
antiemetic
beta blockers
=/- abx, 
IV fluids for vomiting, does not promote stone passage

Question 20

stones management interventional if obstructed?

Answer 20

ureteric stent

Question 21

when to admit for uretic/renal stone?

Answer 21

intractable pain or vomiting
fever
compromised renal function
preg
single kidney
bilateral obstructed kidney

Question 22

management of hydronephrosis?

Answer 22

percutaneous nephrostomy

ureteral stenting

Question 23

beningn prostatic hyperplasia clinical presentation

Answer 23

storage and voiding symptoms =/- hematuria

DRE: smooth, rubbery, symmetrically enlarged prostate

Question 24

Ix for beningn prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 24

IPSS (international prostate symptoms score)
DRE
U/A (urine analysis)
Cr, PSA

Question 25

medical therapy options for beningn prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 25

b-blockers

5a reductase inhibitors

Question 26

urologic oncology most common kidney cancer?

Answer 26

RCC (85%)

Question 27

when treat surgical for RCC?

Answer 27

> 4cm

<4cm radiation, no chemo

Question 28

urologic oncology common bladder?

Answer 28

UCC (90%) (urothetlial cell carcinoma)

SCC(7%)

Question 29

UCC treatment?

Answer 29

TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumour
cystectomy
cehmo, rad, surgery

Question 30

urologic oncology prostate most common?

Answer 30

adenocarcinoma >95%

UCC 4.5%

Question 31

urologic oncology testicle cancer most common?

Answer 31

germ cell (95%)
seminoma 35%
non-seminoma 65%