Resp - Common conditions

Question 1

asthma defeinition

Answer 1

chronic inflammatory disorder: airway hyper-responsiveness and episodic reversible airflow obstruction

Question 2

COPD acute exacerbation main cause?

Answer 2

infectious 50%
CHF
PE

Question 3

Mx of acute exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 3

broncodilators by nebulisers
systemic corticosteroids
antibiotics

Question 4

chronic COPD management

Answer 4

smoking cessation
vaccination
home oxygen
Drugs

Question 5

obstructive sleep apnea signs?

Answer 5

obesity
BMI
neck thickness
polycythemia

Question 6

Ix for obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 6

sleep study

Question 7

complications of obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 7

cardiac, MI, CHF, CAD

Question 8

PE treatment

Answer 8

DOAC
subcut therapeutic enoxaparin
IV unfractionated heperarin
or warfarin INR 2-3

Question 9

if provoked PE how long treat?

Answer 9

3-6 months

Question 10

if unprovoked PE how long treat?

Answer 10

6months- indefinitely

Question 11

causes of transudative pleural effusion?

Answer 11

CHF
nephrotic syndrome
PE

Question 12

causes of exudative pleural effusion?

Answer 12

pneumonia
TB
lung abscess
malignancy
vascular
intraabdominal
trauma

Question 13

what is light’s criteria?

Answer 13

3 criteria for exudate determination, (only needs one)
if protein >0.5
if LDH >0.6
if pleural LDH >2/3 upper limit

Question 14

interstitial lung disease definition

Answer 14

inflammatory/fibrotic processs in alveolar wall

Question 15

interstitial lung disease on CXR?

Answer 15

ground glass with ‘honey combing’

Question 16

interstitial lung disease PFT?

Answer 16

restrictive pattern

Question 17

solitary pulmonary nodule definition size?

Answer 17

<3cm

Question 18

solitary pulmonary nodule benign v. malignant percentage?

Answer 18

70% benign

30% malignant

Question 19

4 main types of lung cancer?

Answer 19

small cell 25%
adenocarcinoma 35-40%
Squamous cell Carcinoma 30%
large cell: 10-15%

Question 20

% of lung cancers caused by smoking?

Answer 20

85%

Question 21

which lung cancer has weak association with smoking?

Answer 21

adenocarcinoma

Question 22

solitary pulmonary nodule surveillance doubling time for benign?

Answer 22

either doubles in <1/12

or doubles in >2 years

Question 23

solitary pulmonary nodule surveillance doubling time for malignant?

Answer 23

doubles in >1/12

or <2years

Question 24

solitary pulmonary nodule surveillance for <6mm

Answer 24

usually no routine follow up unless high risk, repseat CT chest

Question 25

solitary pulmonary nodule surveillance for 6-8mm

Answer 25

CT 6-12months then consider repeat at 18-24months

Question 26

solitary pulmonary nodule surveillance for >8mm?

Answer 26

repeat CT at 3/12/PET/CT/biopsy