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APEA Q-Bank > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

In the absence of disease, the glomerular filtration rate at age of 70 years should be approximately:

A

70 mL/min

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2
Q

Which urinalysis finding is highly specific for urinary tract infection?

A

Nitrites

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3
Q

In which of the following patients is pyelonephritis most likely?

A

A 32-year-old pregnant woman

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4
Q

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by producing angiotensin, which is formed from the enzyme:

A

Renin

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5
Q

The most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease who receive dialysis treatment is

A

Cardiovascular disease

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6
Q

Continuous urinary leakage or dribbling in the setting of incomplete bladder emptying is referred to as:

A

Overflow incontinence

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7
Q

Medications associated with acute urinary retention include:

A

Antihistamines

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8
Q

At what age does the pediatric glomerular filtration rate reach adult levels?

A

3 years

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9
Q

Which of the following is not a vital function of the kidney?

A

Temperature regulation

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10
Q

The mineralocorticoid that is produced by the adrenal cortex and helps to regulate blood pressure is:

A

Aldosterone

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11
Q

Renal stones are most likely composed of:

A

Calcium oxalate

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12
Q

A 65-year-old female experiences a sudden impule to urinate and is unable to hold her urine until she reaches the toilet. This woman is experiencing:

A

Urge incontinence

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13
Q

The failure to achieve complete bladder emptying within a normal time span is due to the underactivity of which muscle?

A

Detrusor

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14
Q

Infection of the upper urinary tract and renal parenchyma is called:

A

Pyelnophritis

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15
Q

The hormone that helps control the kidney’s role in fluid balance is:

A

Antidiuretic

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16
Q

Bone disease secondary to chronic kidney disease is due to alteration in levels of:

A

Phosphorus

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17
Q

The volume of blood that kidneys can clear of creatinine in 1 minutes is:

A

Creatinine clearance

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18
Q

The glomerular filtration rate is the rate at which:

A

Glomeruli filter blood

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19
Q

Aldosterone helps regulate water reabsorption by regulating which one of the following electrolytes?

A

Sodium

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20
Q

What is the primary risk factor for calcium phosphate renal stones?

A

High urine pH

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21
Q

The most common type of anemia patients with chronic kidney disease is:

A

Normochromic normocytic

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22
Q

Nephrons in the kidney:

A

Contribute to the total glomerular filtration rate

23
Q

Which one of the following is NOT affected when urinary retention is present?

A

The urethra

24
Q

Which one of the following is NOT associated with renal stone development?

A

High urine protein

25
Q

A 50% rise in plasma creatinine represents a nephron mass loss of:

A

50%

26
Q

The most common cause of urethritis is:

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

27
Q

The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance by:

A

Producing ammonia

28
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true about calcium phosphate involvement in renal stone production?

A

Calcium phosphate builds up in the ureter

29
Q

In a normal functioning kidney, the majority of glucose is reabsorbed in the:

A

Proximal convulated tubule

30
Q

A 45-year-old man with peripheral neuropathy reports being awakened frequently at night by the urge to urinate. Which type of incontinence is usually associated with this presentation?

A

Urge incontinence

31
Q

The nurse practitioner is interpreting the results of a urinalysis and concludes that the specimen was contaminated. The presence of which organisms would lead to her to reach that conclusion?

A

Lactobacillus

32
Q

Which of the following is found in acidic urine and has a pH of approximately 5.5?

A

Uric acid stone

33
Q

The involuntary loss of urine during coughing or sneezing is:

A

Stress incontinence

34
Q

Dysregulation of antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone in the kidneys may lead to:

A

Hypertension

35
Q

Age related changes in the bladder include:

A

Dereased collagen in smooth muscle

36
Q

The most reason type of renal calculi is formed by an increased concentration of:

A

Calicum

37
Q

Which of the following assessment findings is common in pyelonephritis?

A

Costovertebral angle tenderness

38
Q

The bacteria that is most commonly responsible for acute pyelonephritis is:

A

e. coli

39
Q

Bacterial invasion of the renal parenchyma is termed:

A

Pyelonephritis

40
Q

In children, the glomerular filtration rate is adjusted for:

A

Body surface area

41
Q

Which of the following laboratory values is an amino acid breakdown that represents the glomerular filtration rate and metabolism in muscles?

A

Creatinine

42
Q

In the Randall’s plaque pathway for kidney stone formation, the stone is:

A

Fixed to the surface of a renal papilla at sites of interstitial apatite plaque

43
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a contributor to detrusor underactivity (bladder retention)?

A

Childbirth

44
Q

Patients with chronic kidney disease are not likely to develop hyperkalemia as long as they secrete adequate levels of?

A

Aldosterone

45
Q

What is the primary predisposing factor for renal stones in patients with gout?

A

Urine pH of 5.5

46
Q

A factor that is NOT associated with progressive renal injury is

A

Controleld diabetes

47
Q

Metabolic acidosis results from a reduction in:

A

Bicarbonate

48
Q

Protein passes into the urine instead of being reabsorbed when the:

A

Glomerulia are damaged

49
Q

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is elevated in the serum, the collecting tubules in the kidney become more permeable to H2O, meaning that urine will have a:

A

High specific gravity

50
Q

A 58-year-old man is experiencing possible urinary retention. Which diagnostic test should be performed to confirm this finding?

A

Postvoid residual

51
Q

Which enzyme is formed in the liver as a byproduct of protein metabolism and is eliminated entirely by the kidney?

A

urea

52
Q

Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with which disease presentation in men?

A

Urethritis

53
Q

Patients with history of renal stones secrete:

A

Crystalluria

APEA Q-Bank (15 decks)

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