Urology Flashcards
In the absence of disease, the glomerular filtration rate at age of 70 years should be approximately:
70 mL/min
Which urinalysis finding is highly specific for urinary tract infection?
Nitrites
In which of the following patients is pyelonephritis most likely?
A 32-year-old pregnant woman
The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by producing angiotensin, which is formed from the enzyme:
Renin
The most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease who receive dialysis treatment is
Cardiovascular disease
Continuous urinary leakage or dribbling in the setting of incomplete bladder emptying is referred to as:
Overflow incontinence
Medications associated with acute urinary retention include:
Antihistamines
At what age does the pediatric glomerular filtration rate reach adult levels?
3 years
Which of the following is not a vital function of the kidney?
Temperature regulation
The mineralocorticoid that is produced by the adrenal cortex and helps to regulate blood pressure is:
Aldosterone
Renal stones are most likely composed of:
Calcium oxalate
A 65-year-old female experiences a sudden impule to urinate and is unable to hold her urine until she reaches the toilet. This woman is experiencing:
Urge incontinence
The failure to achieve complete bladder emptying within a normal time span is due to the underactivity of which muscle?
Detrusor
Infection of the upper urinary tract and renal parenchyma is called:
Pyelnophritis
The hormone that helps control the kidney’s role in fluid balance is:
Antidiuretic
Bone disease secondary to chronic kidney disease is due to alteration in levels of:
Phosphorus
The volume of blood that kidneys can clear of creatinine in 1 minutes is:
Creatinine clearance
The glomerular filtration rate is the rate at which:
Glomeruli filter blood
Aldosterone helps regulate water reabsorption by regulating which one of the following electrolytes?
Sodium
What is the primary risk factor for calcium phosphate renal stones?
High urine pH
The most common type of anemia patients with chronic kidney disease is:
Normochromic normocytic
Nephrons in the kidney:
Contribute to the total glomerular filtration rate
Which one of the following is NOT affected when urinary retention is present?
The urethra
Which one of the following is NOT associated with renal stone development?
High urine protein
A 50% rise in plasma creatinine represents a nephron mass loss of:
50%
The most common cause of urethritis is:
Neisseria gonorrhea
The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance by:
Producing ammonia
Which of the following statements is NOT true about calcium phosphate involvement in renal stone production?
Calcium phosphate builds up in the ureter
In a normal functioning kidney, the majority of glucose is reabsorbed in the:
Proximal convulated tubule
A 45-year-old man with peripheral neuropathy reports being awakened frequently at night by the urge to urinate. Which type of incontinence is usually associated with this presentation?
Urge incontinence
The nurse practitioner is interpreting the results of a urinalysis and concludes that the specimen was contaminated. The presence of which organisms would lead to her to reach that conclusion?
Lactobacillus
Which of the following is found in acidic urine and has a pH of approximately 5.5?
Uric acid stone
The involuntary loss of urine during coughing or sneezing is:
Stress incontinence
Dysregulation of antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone in the kidneys may lead to:
Hypertension
Age related changes in the bladder include:
Dereased collagen in smooth muscle
The most reason type of renal calculi is formed by an increased concentration of:
Calicum
Which of the following assessment findings is common in pyelonephritis?
Costovertebral angle tenderness
The bacteria that is most commonly responsible for acute pyelonephritis is:
e. coli
Bacterial invasion of the renal parenchyma is termed:
Pyelonephritis
In children, the glomerular filtration rate is adjusted for:
Body surface area
Which of the following laboratory values is an amino acid breakdown that represents the glomerular filtration rate and metabolism in muscles?
Creatinine
In the Randall’s plaque pathway for kidney stone formation, the stone is:
Fixed to the surface of a renal papilla at sites of interstitial apatite plaque
Which one of the following is NOT a contributor to detrusor underactivity (bladder retention)?
Childbirth
Patients with chronic kidney disease are not likely to develop hyperkalemia as long as they secrete adequate levels of?
Aldosterone
What is the primary predisposing factor for renal stones in patients with gout?
Urine pH of 5.5
A factor that is NOT associated with progressive renal injury is
Controleld diabetes
Metabolic acidosis results from a reduction in:
Bicarbonate
Protein passes into the urine instead of being reabsorbed when the:
Glomerulia are damaged
When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is elevated in the serum, the collecting tubules in the kidney become more permeable to H2O, meaning that urine will have a:
High specific gravity
A 58-year-old man is experiencing possible urinary retention. Which diagnostic test should be performed to confirm this finding?
Postvoid residual
Which enzyme is formed in the liver as a byproduct of protein metabolism and is eliminated entirely by the kidney?
urea
Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with which disease presentation in men?
Urethritis
Patients with history of renal stones secrete:
Crystalluria
