Neurology Flashcards
A disease that is characterized by severe, sharp, unilateral stabbing pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve is:
Trigeminal neuralgia
Inflammation of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater and underlying cortex that causes increased intracranial pressure is:
Meningitis
The cause of movement disorders in parkinson’s disease is thought to be related to destruction of cells in the:
Substancia nigra
Which diagnostic study can be useful in differentiating Alzheimer’s disease from dementia with Lewy bodies?
PET scan
Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality due to an extra:
Chromosome 21
Two hallmark symptoms of concussion are:
Confusion and amnesia
Paroxysmal events associated with abnormal electrical discharges of neurons in the brain are known as:
Seizures
A disease that produces sporadic, progressive weakness and abnormal fatigue of voluntary skeletal muscles is:
Myasthenia gravis
A diagnosis of meningitis should be considered in the patient who exhibits:
Positive Brudzinski and Kernig sign
A transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia without acute infarction is called:
Transient ischemic attack
A transient ischemic attack:
May result in permanent tissue damage
Dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) would likely result in:
Esotropia
The condition caused by inability of the brain to understand sound despite normal detection of sound by the inner ear is known as:
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
Irritation of or injury to a nerve root that causes pain, numbness, or weakness in the part of the body that is supplied with nerves from that root is known as:
Radiculopathy
The most common cause of aseptic viral meningitis is:
Enterovirus
The hypersensitivity and pain crescendo experienced in conjunction with a migraine attack is thought to be related to the release of
Subtance P.
A 35-year-old woman complains of daily or near daily low- to moderate-intensity headaches for about 4 months. The headaches are occasionally intense and are accompanied by mild photophobia. This is most likely:
Chronic migraines
An irreversible condition that develops as a result of progressive degeneration in the hippocampus is:
Alzheimer’s disease
A patient with a severe herniated disc at the fifth lumbar area is NOT likely to have:
Paralysis
The diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease include:
Impaired ability to remember new information
An acute, autoimmune, rapidly progressive demyelination of peripheral nerves is known as:
Guillain-Barre syndrome
A progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys motor neurons is:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
In myasthenia gravis, neuromuscular transmission is blocked by weakened receptor sites at which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
The organism that is LEAST likely to be responsible for community-acquired fungal meningitis is:
Candida albicans
Progressive muscle rigidity, loss of muscle movement, and involuntary tremors are associated with:
Parkinson’s disease
Which of the following is a disorder of the spinal nerve roots that results from compression, inflammation, or tearing of the nerve roots at the vertebral canal?
Radiculopathy
Which of the following patients is at highest risk for having a hemorrhagic stroke?
65-year-old woman with uncontrolled hypertension
Autonomic symptoms associated with cluster headaches do NOT include:
Epistaxis
An abnormally excessive curvature of the thoracic spine is known as:
Kyphosis
A risk factor associated with cluster headaches is:
Alcohol ingestion by a man
Guillain-Barre syndrome causes a degeneration of the:
Myelin sheath
Hyperreflexia of the deep tendons may indicate:
Electrolyte imbalance
In a patient with parkinsonism, the loss of autonomic responses to fear and the development of depression is caused by loss of neurons in the:
Amygdala
Akathisia and bradykinesia occur in patients with Parkinson’s disease due to the effect of the disease on the:
Extrapyramidal system
When cell death occurs in the frontal lobes of the brain, the patient with Alzheimer’s disease may experience:
Expressive aphasia
A decrease in oxygen and glucose to brain tissue that is related to congestion and edema in an affected vessel is caused by:
A thrombus
In a patient with meningitis secondary to Haemophilus influenza infection, the history may reveal recent:
Sinusitis
A complex pathophysiology process that affects the brain and is a result of direct external contact forces is:
Concussion
Which of the following is NOT likely a cause of an embolic stroke?
Elevated blood sugar
A 34-year-old patient who has experienced a traumatic brain injury and has been diagnosed with retrograde amnesia will NOT:
Remember events that occurred immediately BEFORE the head trauma.
The most common cause of ischemia that originates within the brain is:
Atherosclerosis
The type of seizure that affects both cerebral hemispheres and causes an impairment of consciousness is:
Generalized seizures
Which condition is described as a sudden internal or external spinning sensation, often triggered by moving the head quickly?
Vertigo
In Parkinson’s disease, a deficiency exists in which neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
The leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults in the United States is:
Neisseria meningitidis
