Respiratory Flashcards
When educating a parent about the nonpharmacologic management of coup, the NP should recommend
use of a cool mist humidifier
A 2-year old girl is evaluated for a barking cough. The NP suspects that this cough is a result of
subglottic edema
The most common pathogen that causes pneumonia in young adults is
mycoplasma pneumoniae
An infection of the tracheobronchial tree that causes reversible bronchial inflammation is
bronchitis
Croup is characterized by
barking cough
Respiratory alkalosis is most commonly caused by
hyperventilation
Which statement about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is true
RSV is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients 65 years and older
Atelectasis is defined as
diminished volume in all or a portion of a lung
The leading cause of lower respiratory infections in infants and young children is
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Inflammation of the bronchioles that results in obstruction of the small airway is
bronchiolitis
A highly contagious acute respiratory illness characterized by paroxysmal cough is
pertussis
A 14-year old boy reports cough and chest tightness during exercise. He is most likely experiencing
bronchospasms
A pediatric patient is being evaluated for complaints of an intense “whooping” cough with posttussive vomiting. Which stage of pertussis is suggested by these symptoms
paroxysmal
All patients with altered lung function associated with possible COPD should be assessed for airflow obstruction using
spirometry
A lung disease characterized by enlargement of the alveolar ducts and air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles is
emphysema
Whooping cough is caused by
bordetella pertussis
An 8-year old girl has experienced acute, self-limiting symptoms of nasal congestion and hoarseness for 2 days. The NP assesses the upper respiratory tract mucosa and identifies transillumination of the sinuses. The symptoms are consistent with
the common cold
In the US, the leading cause of mortality in infants younger than 1 year is
Sudden Unexplained Infants Death
Diagnostic studies to identify cystic fibrosis include a sweat test that measures
chloride
The presence of air or gas in the intrapleural cavity is called
pneumothorax
A hallmark assessment finding a patient with moderate to severe coup is
stridor
Inflammation of the bronchioles and trachea that usually follows an upper respiratory tract infection in adults is
acute bronchitis
Which statement about respiratory acidosis is correct
Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide increases due to rapid production of carbon dioxide and ventilation failure
Which one of the following symptoms is common in a patient who has asthma
nonproductive cough
A common assessment finding in patients with cystic fibrosis is steatorrhea due to
pancreatic insufficiency
The most common cause of croup is
parainfluenza virus
Which of the following is true about influenza viruses
Influenza A viruses cause most human infections
Mucous production resulting from hyperplasia of the mucous membrane lining the bronchial wall describes
chronic bronchitis
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted via
respiratory droplets
Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism include
pulmonary infarction
An acute hemodynamic consequence of a pulmonary embolism that may cause significant mortality is
right ventricular failure
The mechanism that prevents the collapse of alveoli by maintaining surface tension is
surfactant
What is the most common virus associated with bronchiolitis
RSV
Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is not typically associated with
chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)
The influenza virus
may be transmitted before onset of symptoms
Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary physiologic effect of emphysema ?
Air trapping and loss of elastic recoil in the lungs
Annual influenza vaccination is necessary due to
antigenic variation
An incentive spirometer is used to determine
peak expiratory flow
A child diagnosed with bronchiolitis is at risk for developing
acute otitis media
Which factor is NOT included in the Virchow’s Triad, which predisposes a patient to pulmonary embolism
pulmonary infarction
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pulmonary edema
a cough that produces pink, frothy sputum
Which one of the following cellular elements is NOT involved in the inflammation associated with asthma
monocytes
Inspiratory stridor with croup suggests narrowing of the
larynx
A finding NOT associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is
regeneration of epithelial cells lining the alveoli
A highly contagious, acute febrile viral illness of the respiratory tract is associated with significant morbidity and mortality is
influenza
Results from spirometry testing of a 60-year old man indicate an FEV1/FVC<70%, 30% FEVI <80% predicted. Given these results, expected symptoms in this patient would include
productive cough and dyspnea on exertion
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor associated with
asthma
Cystic fibrosis is
autosomal recessive (child receives one mutated gene from each parent, parent does not express the disease)
The system that tries to compensate for acute respiratory acidosis is
the renal system
