Gastroenterology Flashcards
What type of hernia involves bulging of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the chest
hiatal hernia
In evaluating a patient with nausea, the differential diagnosis that would include a central nervous system cause is
vertigo
Extraintestinal manifestations of Chron’s disease include
cholithiasis
Which of the following is a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and conversion of the normal liver tissue into structurally abnormal nodules
cirrhosis
Which of the following is associated with the development conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
impaired bile flow
a 46-year old construction worker seeks evaluation of a protruding mass he noticed after lifting a heavy rock. He is now experiencing pain with coughing. The history and symptoms are suspicious for
inguinal hernia
A cluster of vascular tissue, smooth muscle, and connective tissue lining the anal canal is known as
hemorrhoids
Which one of the following is NOT an enzyme produced in the pancreas
pepsin
A hiatal hernia occurs when a defect in the diaphragm permits profusion of the
stomach
Diarrhea is caused by an incomplete absorption of water from the
large intestine
The most common cause of infectious esophagitis is
candida
Diverticulosis is common where diets are low in
fiber
Hepatic steatosis develops as a result of
accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes
The backflow of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus is known as
gastroesophageal reflux
Five neurotransmitter sites are important in the vomiting reflex. The neurotransmitter NOT associated with the vomiting reflex is
glutamine
The most common cause of constipation originating outside the colon is deficiency of
fiber
A complication NOT commonly associate with Crohn’s disease is
peritonitis
A patient with early satiety, small volume emesis, and bloating is most likely experiencing
gastroparesis
Which statement about Crohn’s disease is true
Crohn’s disease is characterized by mucosal ulceration and inflammation anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract
One of the many sequelae associated with cirrhosis is hepatic encephalopathy. It is caused by the inability of the liver to
detoxify ammonia
Factors that lead to reflux do NOT include
constipation
The most common site for diverticulosis to occur is the
sigmoid colon
A 50-year old man is being evaluated for complaints of an umbilical mass that cannot be reduced by manipulation. The NP suspects
incarcerated hernia
The type of hernia in which the hernial sac protrudes directly through the abdominal wall in the region of Hesselbach triangle is called an
inguinal hernia
Hemolytic disease of the newborn may lead to accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain, which can cause kernicterus. A characteristic of unconjugated bilirubin is that it
is lipid soluble
Acute inflammation and autodigestion in the pancreas lead to an elevation in
amylase and lipase levels
Which mechanism is NOT associated with the development of jaundice
increased hepatocyte uptake
Mechanical and chemical receptors in the GI tract that trigger nausea are communicated to the brain primarily by the
vagal nerve
An incarcerated hernia in which blood supply to the entrapped bowel has been diminished is referred to as
strangulation
The most common cause of bilirubin overproduction, resulting in jaundice, is
hemolytic anemia
The pancreatic enzymes amylase and lipase are inactivated when the pH is below
5
Normal function of the pancreas does NOT include the ability to
decrease the serum concentration of fatty acids
Inflammation of the pear-shaped, muscular sac that stores bile is called
cholecystitis
Gastrointestinal infections with helicobacter infection cause
a decreased production of gastric acid
