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APEA Q-Bank > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Which condition is a direct acute cause of HF, leading to Right-sided heart failure ?

A

Pulmonary Embolism

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2
Q

Which congenital heart defect results in right to left shunting and requires emergency surgical intervention for survival

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

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3
Q

The primary cause of a cardiogenic shock in a patient with an acute MI is

A

failure of the ventricle to pump blood adequately

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4
Q

Which lipoprotein plays a major role in reverse cholesterol transport away from the arteries and back to the liver ?

A

HDL

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5
Q

In right heart failure due to right ventricular dysfunction. what does SVP do ?

A

systemic venous pressure increases

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with ACS

A

heart failure

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7
Q

Which of the following cardiac rhythms do NOT lead to a decrease in cardiac output

A

NSR (normal sinus rhythm)

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8
Q

A pediatric patient with a ventricular septal defect would have which type of murmur

A

Holosystolic

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9
Q

Which congenital heart defect is known to cause cyanotic episodes precipitated by crying, feeding, or other activities ?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

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10
Q

Which heart condition includes both a systolic and diastolic timed murmur ?

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation

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11
Q

What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the RAAS, and antidiuretic system in the presence of impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling ?

A

production of arterial vasoconstriction

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12
Q

Which of the following causes reactive hyperemia

A

Raynaud phenomenon

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13
Q

A congenital heart defect that warrants emergency medical and surgical intervention is

A

a cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow

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14
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes a Premature Ventricular Contract

A

caused by ventricular ectopic pacemaker

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15
Q

The acute inflammatory response in a myocardial infarction is associated with

A

cytokine activation and vasodilation with decreased perfusion pressure

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16
Q

In a patient with Patent Ductus Arteriosus, where is the murmur best heard?

A

localized at the left clavicle

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17
Q

Which birth defect of the heart is characterized by a hole in the septum that separates the 2 lower chambers

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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18
Q

How long after a myocardial infarction can the initial troponin level be detected

A

3 hours

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19
Q

The formation of an atherosclerotic lesion in the arterial wall is related to high levels of

A

LDLs

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20
Q

Diastole

A

is the minimum arterial pressure exerted during relaxation and dilation of the ventricles

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21
Q

Which of the following conditions may predispose patients to an atypical presentation of myocardial ischemia

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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22
Q

Hypertension is NOT caused by changes in

A

vascular relaxation

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT an assessment finding in a patient who is experiencing shock

A

End-organ hyperperfusion

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24
Q

Increased venous return to the heart leads to

A

increased stroke volume

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25
Q

Which one of the following conditions is an acute, febrile, immune-mediated disease characterized by vasculitis leading to coronary artery aneurysm

A

Kawasaki syndrome

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26
Q

An elevation of which laboratory finding is indicative of a myocardial infarction

A

troponin

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27
Q

Aortic stenosis may be identified by

A

a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur

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28
Q

When atrial fibrillation terminates within 7 days of onset, it is classified as

A

paroxysmal

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29
Q

To increase oxygen saturation after exertion, a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot will

A

squat

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30
Q

The bacteria responsible for rheumatic fever is

A

Group A streptococcus

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31
Q

Systemic hypotension is defined as

A

stroke volume of 32mL/m2

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32
Q

The life-threatening cardiac condition caused by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space is

A

cardiac tamponade

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33
Q

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors contributing to the development of

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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34
Q

A mother states that her young child has been squatting after exertion and is easily fatigued. The NP suspects :

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

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35
Q

Triglycerides are synthesized by the

A

liver

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36
Q

The amount of pressure that occurs when the ventricles contract

A

systolic pressure

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37
Q

Artherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes

A

peripheral artery disease

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38
Q

Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized by P waves that precede each QRS interval

A

Sinus Bradycardia

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39
Q

Elevated troponin levels are present in

A

NSTEMI

40
Q

The rhythm of the heart is generated by the

A

SA node

41
Q

The heart sound that is NOT auscultated in a patient with aortic stenosis is

A

S3 gallop

42
Q

Diastolic heart failure is a result of the impairment in the

A

left ventricle

43
Q

Which one of the following congenital heart defects does NOT depend on left to right shunting through ducuts arteriosus for pulmonary circulation

A

aortic stenosis

44
Q

Which congenital heart defect involves abnormal opening between the atria that is expected to close without surgical intervention by 12 months of age

A

atrial septal defect

45
Q

Which one of the following may be seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome

A

New onset angina that markedly limits physical activity

46
Q

Patients with acute coronary syndrome typically have plaque erosion, which is characterized by :

A

hyaluronan and neutrophils

47
Q

Which birth defect of the heart is characterized by a hole in the septum that separates the 2 lower chambers

A

ventricular septal defect

48
Q

Which heart condition is referred to as “enlarged heart”

A

ventricular hypertrophy

49
Q

Which of the following congenital heart defect causes increased pulmonary blood flow

A

atrial septal defect

50
Q

The most common cause of left ventricular hypertrophy is

A

hypertension

51
Q

Symptoms of mild heart failure include

A

S3 gallop

52
Q

A birth defect characterized by a hole in the septum that separates the 2 upper chambers of the heart is

A

atrial septal defect

53
Q

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is described as

A

cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow

54
Q

Which of the following cardiac rhythms do not lead to a decrease in cardiac output

A

normal sinus rhythm

55
Q

Which of the following is true about the normal heart function of an infant

A

the left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood

56
Q

Which of the following types of angina involves nocturnal symptoms

A

unstable angina

57
Q

Which of the following is NOT a Virchow’s triad risk factor for deep vein thrombosis

A

peripheral nervous system damage

58
Q

Which of the following produces visible evidence of an underlying problem with reverse venous flow

A

varicose veins

59
Q

Pediatric patients with Tetralogy of Fallot have episodes of bluish skin during crying and feeding that are called

A

Tet spells

60
Q

A patient who is in cardiogenic shock will present with

A

mixed venous oxygen saturation

61
Q

Which of the following is most responsible for the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing risk of heart disease and stroke

A

low-density lipoproteins

62
Q

Which of the following assessment findings correlates with dynamic obstruction of the left ventricle

A

systolic murmur

63
Q

Which one of the following is a clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricles to fill or eject blood

A

heart failure

64
Q

cardiac preload is defined as the

A

volume of blood in the atria at the end of diastole

65
Q

which type of angina results from coronary artery vasospasm and occurs in atypical patterns

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

66
Q

the primary function of the heart is

A

to pump blood through the body via the circulation system

67
Q

the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity is

A

pericardial effusion

68
Q

A reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with aggressive control of

A

low-density lipoproteins

69
Q

Which type of ECG changes may be produced by acute coronary syndrome

A

ST-elevation

70
Q

Cardiogenic shock in the presence of an acute myocardial infarction typically involves

A

decrease in stroke volume and decrease in cardiac output

71
Q

Atrial septal defect results from

A

failure of the tissue to form between the atria

72
Q

In a patient with atrial septal defect, split heart sounds are due to

A

left-to-right shunting of the blood

73
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the ventricular myocytes and assists in the diagnosis of heart failure

A

BNP (brain natiuretic peptide)

74
Q

A common cause of diastolic heart failure is

A

hypertension

75
Q

Artherosclerotic plaques can cause

A

thrombosis

76
Q

Sick sinus syndrome is described as the

A

destruction of the SA node and changes in the nerves and ganglia

77
Q

With each heart beat, blood within the left and right ventricle is ejected into the

A

aorta and pulmonary artery

78
Q

Which peptide hormone causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure

A

angiotensin

79
Q

The systematic disease that occurs secondary to untreated strep throat is

A

rheumatic fever

80
Q

Which cardiac condition involves thickening of the muscle wall of the right lower chamber of the heart

A

ventricular hypertrophy

81
Q

which one of the following is NOT present in Tetralogy of Fallot

A

patent ductus arterosis

82
Q

When alpha receptors are stimulated, what primary physiologic response is expected

A

blood pressure increases

83
Q

Which of the following is NOT an underlying cause of obstructed coronary artery blood flow by a thrombus

A

stable angina

84
Q

Patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience chest pain secondary to

A

oxygen demand

85
Q

Which of the following is not a deficit of Tetralogy of Fallot

A

an enlargement of the tricuspid valves

86
Q

Unstable angina is characterized by

A

increasing crescendo angina

87
Q

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about left-sided heart failure

A

the heart moved blood from high pulmonary pressure to low systematic circulation pressure

88
Q

In a patient with a ventricular septal defect, blood flows

A

to the right ventricle and into the lungs

89
Q

Which of the following ECG changes is NOT specific to episodes of angina

A

Premature Ventricular Contractions

90
Q

Which of the following is the cardiac rhythm described as a prolongation of the QT interval

A

Torsades de pointes

91
Q

The Trendelenburg test is used to assess for

A

varicose veins

92
Q

Mean arterial pressure is primarily regulated by changes in cardiac output and

A

systematic vascular resistance

93
Q

A common symptom of a congenital heart defect is

A

central cyanosis

94
Q

Mortality associated with Kawasaki’s syndrome is most likely related to

A

coronary artery aneurysm

95
Q

A progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement of contractile dysfunction is

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

96
Q

A variant angina characterized by transient reduction in the luminal diameter within the coronary artery and consistent with ST-elevation is

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

97
Q
A

APEA Q-Bank (15 decks)

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