Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SM Renal > Urological Malignancy > Flashcards

Urological Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main cancerous kidney tumour

A

Renal cell carcinoma (clear cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two benign renal tumours

A

Oncocytoma

Angiomyolipoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of penile cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Carcinoma in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two forms of testicular tumours

A

Seminoma

Teratoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the most common location for transitional cell carcinoma to occur

A

Renal pelvis

Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the most common location for renal cell carcinoma to occur

A

Renal parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the embryological form of a renal tumour

A

Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What investigation is good at identifying a fluid filled lesion

A

US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is a contrast CT indicated in renal cysts

A

To identify any enhancement of the cysts - this increases the risk of being malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an angiomyolopoma made up of

A

Blood vessels
fat
muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Wunderlich’s syndrome

A

The risk of spontaneous haemorrhage - massive retroperitoneal bleeding that can be life threatening
Caused by an angiomyolipoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why might a fat poor angiomyolipoma need a biopsy and why is this a risky procedure

A

There is a risk of the tumour being a renal cell carcinoma - biopsy increases the risk of haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would be seen on CT in a oncocytoma

A

A central scar that goes out the way - necrosis in the centre of the tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a main feature that can be used to distinguish the difference between an oncocytoma and a renal cell cancer

A

Cancer has the ability to recruit new blood supply

Oncocytoma is benign and does not have this ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the classic triad seen in the presentation of RCC

A

Loin pain
renal mass
haematuria

However, most are incidental findings on CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Patients with Paraneoplastic syndromes commonly have what

A

Weight loss
anaemia
Hypertension
Hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who and at what age is most likely to develop RCC

A

Male: female - 2:1

65-75 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two main forms of renal cell carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma of the proximal convoluted tubule

Clear cell, papillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the one diagnosis that everyone wants to rule out

A

Von Hippel-Lindau - genetic problem with major consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the key imaging technique required for a diagnosis of RCC

A

CT triple phase contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is a biopsy not the gold standard investigation for RCC

A

high false negative in RCC

22
Q

What is the staging that we use for RCC

A

Robson staging

23
Q

Where do RCCs metastasise to

A

Lungs
liver
bone
brain

by haematogenous and lymphatic spread

24
Q

What is the treatment used for RCC

A

chemotherapy

25
Q

What surgery is used for RCC

A

Radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy

Radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation

26
Q

What are some symptoms of BXO

A

White patches
fissuring
bleeding
scarring

27
Q

What is the treatment for Balanitis Xerotica Obliterates

A

Circumcision - can affect urethra and may have to have reconstructive skin graft to replace the glans of the penis in very severe cases

28
Q

What is one of the main issues that can lead to BXO

A

Long term hygiene problem

29
Q

What is the key feature of a squamous carcinoma in situ of the penis

A

Red velvety patches

30
Q

What is required for a patient with suspected SCC in situ

A

Punch biopsy

31
Q

What age of man is more likely to develop an invasive squamous cell carcinoma

A

Older men - late presentation due to embarrassment

32
Q

What is phimosis

A

Foreskin that doesn’t go back

33
Q

Lymphadenopathy of the penis presents where

A

Groin

34
Q

What virus can lead to carcinoma of the penis

A

HPV 16

35
Q

When is the peak incidence of age for carcinoma of the penis

A

80 years

36
Q

What is the main form of cancer of the penis

A

Squamous cell cranium (skin)

37
Q

What are the treatment options for carcinoma of the penis

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy
Depends on inguinal nodes

38
Q

What are the surgical options for Carcinoma of the penis

A

Total / partial penectomy

Reconstruction

39
Q

In a total penectomy, where does the urethra open

A

Behind the scrotum

40
Q

What is an orchidectomy

A

Surgical removal of one or both testes

41
Q

ITGCN (Intra-tubular germ cell neoplasia) has no malignant potential. True or false

A

False - it could be a premalignant condition

42
Q

What is the classic presentation of a testicular tumour

A

Painless, insensitive testicular

stony hard swelling

43
Q

What other investigations should be done for staging a testicular tumour

A

CXR

CT abdo/ pelvis/ thorax

44
Q

What tumour marker is raised in a pure seminoma

A

AFP

P for potato

45
Q

What tumour marker is more commonly raised in a teratoma

A

HCG

46
Q

How should a testicular tumour be removed

A

Inguinal approach - remove the embryological remnants of the testicle

47
Q

What determines the follow up in a teratoma

A

The level of differentiation

48
Q

Trophoblastic teratomas always have what raised tumour marker

A

HCG

49
Q

How do we stage testicular tumours

A

TNM

50
Q

Testes lie where.

Retro peritoneal or intra-abdominal

A

Intra-abdominal

SM Renal (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions