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SM Renal > Anatomy: Urinary continence and renal system pain > Flashcards

Anatomy: Urinary continence and renal system pain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of sensory nerve fibres and what do they do

A

Somatic sensory - sensations from the body wall to the CNS

Visceral Afferent - sensations from the organs to the CNS

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of motor fibres and what do they do

A

somatic motor - motor responses to our body wall from CNS (stimulate skeletal muscles to contract)
Paraysympathetic
Sympathetic

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3
Q

What nerves are responsible for ureteric peristalsis and bladder contraction

A

Autonomics (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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4
Q

What nerve fibres control the urethral sphincter

A

somatic motor for external

Autonomics for internal (Male only)

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5
Q

What nerve fibres transmit pain from structures in the renal system

A

Visceral afferents

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6
Q

What nerve fibre transmits pain from the distal urethra

A

somatic sensory

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7
Q

Why does the testis also have some somatic sensory innervation

A

Due to its close proximity with the scrotum (body wall structure)

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8
Q

What nerve fibres are responsible for urinary continence

A

Autonomics
Somatic motor
Visceral afferent

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9
Q

How many spinal nerves do we have

A

31 pairs

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10
Q

What is the only way in which any type of nerve fibre can communicate with the CNS

A

being carried within Cranial nerves or spinal nerves

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11
Q

What is the distance that a somatic motor and a somatic sensory nerve will travel

A

The entire length of the spinal and cranial nerves

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12
Q

What is the distance that an autonomic or visceral afferent nerve will travel within the cranial nerve or spinal nerve

A

Just a short part of the nerve

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13
Q

How do sympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS

A

Only within the spinal nerves between the spinal cord levels T1-L2 (thoracolumbar outflow)

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14
Q

How do sympathetic nerve fibres reach smooth muscle/ glands of the body wall

A

within the spinal nerves

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15
Q

How do sympathetic nerve fibres reach the smooth smooth muscle/ glands of the body (other than the body wall)

A

iwhtin nerves caled splanchnic nerves

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16
Q

What are the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

A

Those which supply the viscera –> heart and respiratory structures)

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17
Q

What are the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

A

Those which supply the viscera of the abdomen and pelvic cavity

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18
Q

How do the sympathetic nerve fibres reach the head

A

They follow the path of the arteries (internal and external carotid plexus) to reach the viscera within the head

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19
Q

What happens once the sympathetics have left the spinal nerves

A

They enter the sympathetic chain

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20
Q

How do the sympathetic nerves leave the sympathetic chain

A

Via anterior rami

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21
Q

What are the little connections that are found between the sympathetic chain and the spinal nerves

A

Rami communicans

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22
Q

Where doe the sympathetic nerves fibres that innervate the renal system leave the spinal cord

A

Between T10 and L2

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23
Q

Where are the abdominal sympathetic ganglia located

A

Around the abdominal aorta

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24
Q

Do the sympathetic nerve fibres synapse in the sympathetic chain

A

NO - they pass through it and then leave as abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

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25
Where do the postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres pass from and where are they heading
the ganglia onto the surface of the arteries which are heading towards the organs they need to innervate
26
What is the name given to the collection of nerve fibres found on the outside of the arteries called
periarterial plexus
27
On what cranial nerves do the parasympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS
CN 3,7,9 and 10
28
On what spinal nerves do the parasympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS
S2,3,4
29
What is the difference between the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves and the pelvic splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetics form the pelvic splanchnic nerves | Sympathetics form the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
30
What are the parasympathetic nerve fibres which innervate the kidneys and ureter carried in
The vagus nerve
31
What are the parasympathetic nerve fibres than innervate the baller carried in
The pelvic splanchnic nerves
32
What parts of the renal system do the somatic fibres go to
Those within the perineum e.g. urethra (distal to the pelvic floor) and its sphincter (external urethral sphincter and elevator anti)
33
What nerve supplies the structures within the perineum
The pudendal nerves (from S2,3,4)
34
What nerves cause bladder contraction
parasympathetic fibres ( from S2,3,4 via the pelvic splanchnic nerves)
35
What do the sympathetic nerve fibres do during ejaculation
Stimulate the internal urethral sphincter muscle to contract
36
What do the parasympathetic nerve fibres cause in terms of the internal urethral sphincter
the internal urethral sphincter to relax so urine can flow through the urethra
37
What nerve causes the external urethral sphincter to contract in both sexes
Somatic motor fibres within the pudendal nerve
38
What nerve causes the levator ani muscle to contract
somatic motor fibres within the nerve (S3,4)
39
Where is pain from the kidney often felt
In the joint: posterior part of the flank region on the affected side
40
Where is pain from a calculus obstructing the ureter often felt
Radiating from loin to groin on the affected side
41
Where is pain form the bladder usually felt
Suprapubic region (midline)
42
Where is pain from the perineal part of the urethra usually felt
Localised to the perineum
43
Where do the visceral afferent nerve fibres form the kidneys enter the spinal cord
between levels T11 and L1
44
What is a differential diagnosis of loin pain
``` Skin origin (herpes zoster) muscular vertebrae spinal nerve root compression lower lobe pneumonia ```
45
Where do the visceral afferent nerve fibres from the ureters enter the spinal cord
between T11 and L2
46
What is the differential diagnosis of groin pain
hernias (inguinal or femoral) lymphadenopathy testicular pathology
47
Where do the visceral afferents for the bladder go back into the spinal cord
T11-L2
48
What is the differential diagnosis of suprapubic pain
Hindgut organs e.g sigmoid diverticula | other single, midline pelvic organs whose superior aspect touches the peritoneum e.g. uterus
49
How do the visceral afferent and somatic sensory nerve fibres get from the urethra to the CNS
the visceral afferents from the proximal urethra run alongside the parasympathetic nerve fibres back to spinal cord levels S2,3,4 Somatic sensory nerve fibres from the distal urethra are carried within the pudendal nerve
50
What is the differential diagnosis for pain in the perineal area
Vaginal tear Anal canal fissure Perineal genital ulcers
51
Where do the visceral afferents from the testis run alongside the sympathetic fibres back to and why
the spinal cord to levels T10-11 | Due to the embryological descent
52
Why can pain from the testis also present localised to the scrotum and/or groin (L1 region)
Due to the close relationship to the scrotal wall
53
Describe the pain from the kidneys
Dull | achy type pain
54
Describe the pain from the urethra
Relatively sharp pain within the perineum
55
Describe the pain from the testis
Often felt in scrotum but can radiate to the groin and the anterior lower abdomen
56
What nerve fibres are key in the control of micturition (urine flow)
Those entering and leaving the spinal cord levels S2-S4
57
What nerve fibres sense the bladder stretch
visceral afferent
58
What nerve fibres bring about contraction of the detrusor muscle? Sympathetics or parasympathetics
parasympathetics
59
How can we voluntarily cause the external sphincter and elevator anti muscles to contract
cross your legs
60
Where does the sciatic nerve arise from
Sacral plexus (nerve roots L4-S3)
61
What does the iliohypogastric nerve supply and where does it arise
skin over the lateral gluteal region | L1
62
What does the ilioingual nerve supply and where does it arise
Skin surrounding the perineal area | L1
63
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply and where does it arise
Lateral skin on the thigh | L2,3
64
What does the femoral nerve of the thigh supply and where does it arise
Anteiror muscle of the thigh | L2-L4
65
What does the obturator nerve of the thigh supply and where does it arise
Medial muscle compartment | L2-L4
66
What does the genitofemroal nerve supply and where does it arise
Skin associated with the perineum | L1,2
67
What lies above the femoral nerve
inguinal ligament
68
What does the obturator nerve pass through
Obturator foramen
69
What does the sciatic nerve split into
Tibial and common fibular nerves
70
What does the tibial nerve supply
muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg and intrinsic muscles of the foot
71
What does the superficial fibular nerve supply
Lateral compartment of the leg
72
What does the deep fibular here supply
The anterior compartment of the leg
73
What nerve supplies sensation to the plantar aspect of the foot
tibial nerve
74
What nerve supplies the 1st web space of the foot
Deep fibular
75
What nerve is formed for the tibial and common fibular nerves
sural nerve
76
What does the sural nerve supply
Sensation to the lateral aspect of the foot

SM Renal (23 decks)

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