Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SM Renal > Anatomy of the Upper Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Upper Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Describe how urine passes from the kidney to outside the body

A

Produced in kidney
Drained in the ureter to the bladder
Stored in the bladder
Excreted via the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the upper urinary tract

A

Kidneys and the ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes up the lower urinary tract

A

Bladder and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What parts of the urinary tract are located within the abdomen

A

The kidneys

The proximal ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the division of the abdomen and the pelvis

A

In line with the iliac crests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What parts of the urinary tract are located within the pelvis

A

Distal ureters
Bladder
Proximal urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What parts of the urinary tract are located within the perineum

A

Distal urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the spinous process that lies at the division of the abdomen and pelvis

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does L4 represent

A

The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do the kidneys sit in the body

A

retroperitoneal

in abdominal cavity but behind the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the anterior surface of the kidneys contact

A

The peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the right kidney lateral to

A

the IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the left kidney lateral to

A

The Abdominal Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What encloses the kidneys

A

The renal fat/ fascia/ capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What muscles surround the kidneys

A

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall, muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall and muscles of the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structures make up the renal hilum

A

Renal artery
renal vein
ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the posterior abdominal wall muscles that make up the posterior boundary

A

Quadratus lumborum

psoas major muscle (more anteriorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name of the fat that lies between the visceral peritoneum and the deep renal fascia

A

Paranephric fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the name of the fat that is deep to the paranephric fat and completely surrounds the kidney

A

Perinephric fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the muscle of the side of the posterior abdominal wall

A

quadratus lumborum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 muscles that lie posteriolaterally to the kidney

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do the kidneys lie anterior to

A

Quadratus lumborum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do the kidneys lie lateral to

A

psoas major

lower thoracic/ upper lumbar vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why does the right kidney lie at a slightly inferior vertebral level

A

Due to the size of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
At what vertebral level does the left kidney sit
T12-L2
26
At what vertebral level does the right kidney sit
L1-L3
27
What ribs can protect the kidneys
11 and 12 - the floating ones
28
What can a fractures floating rib do to a kidney
Lacerate the kidney at the fracture site
29
What quadrant do the kidneys lie in
Left is in the left flank / LUQ | Right is in the right flank / RUQ
30
Describe the structure of a normal kidney
``` 12cm long 6cm wide smooth regular firm ```
31
What direction do the kidneys move on inspiration and expiration and why
Inferior on inspiration Superiorly on expiration The liver and spleen lie in contact with the diaphragm superiorly and the superior poles of the kidneys inferiorly
32
Describe the anatomical location of the right kidney
``` Posterior to: Liver duodenum ascending colon right colic flexure ```
33
Describe the anatomical location of the left kidney
``` Posterior to: stomach tail of the pancreas hilum of the spleen splenic vessels ```
34
What is the hepatorenal recess
one of the most dependent parts of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity in the supine patient
35
The renal arteries are anterior to the renal veins. True or False
False the veins are anterior to the renal arteries
36
The common iliac arteries are anterior to the common iliac veins. True or False
True
37
Where does the lymph from the kidneys drain to
The lumbar nodes (located around the abdominal aorta and the IVC)
38
Where does lymph from the ureters drain to
The lumbar nodes and the iliac nodes
39
Where are the iliac nodes located
around the common, internal and external iliac vessels
40
Describe the ureteric arterial blood supply
``` branches from: renal artery abdominal aorta Common iliac artery internal iliac artery vesical (bladder) artery ```
41
If an AAA is infra-renal, what causes renal artery stenosis
Atherosclerosis
42
If an AAA is suprarenal, what causes renal artery stenosis
The AAA itself, causing occlusion of the proximal renal artery by the aneurysm
43
What is the treatment for renal artery stenosis
Stent into the femoral artery and push up towards the AA to reduce the pressure on the walls of the aorta
44
Name some anatomical variations in the renal system
Horseshoe shaped kidney (R&L fuse during embryological development) Ectopic pelvic kidney Retrocaval ureter Bifid renal pelvis Bifid ureter and unilateral duplicated ureter
45
Why might a patient have a solitary kidney
Agenesis (failure of one side to form) Nephrectomy (pathology) Nephrectomy (donation)
46
How many pyramids does the human medulla contain
27
47
What does each kidney consist of
Outer cortex and inner medulla
48
How many nephrons does each pyramid contain
50,000
49
Describe how the nephrons are arranged within the pyramid
Regularly arranged. running axially towards the apex of each pyramid giving the pyramids their striped appearance
50
What structure connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
51
Describe the course of the collecting duct
it passes through the pyramid to drain the modified filtrate into the minor calyx as urine
52
What happens in the glomerulus
ultrafiltration of the blood arriving via the branches of the renal artery
53
How does urine drain from the kidney
``` Nephrons collecting duct minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter ```
54
Describe the change in size of the tubes in the kidney
The diameter increases until a constriction point (pelvireteric junction)
55
What are the 3 anatomical sites of ureteric constriction
Pelviureteric junction ureter x common iliac artery Ureteric orifice
56
What is the bony landmark at the point at which the ureter crosses the common iliac artery
Pelvic brim
57
What is the main problem that arises at the ureteric constriction sites
Kidney stones (renal calculi)
58
What do renal calculi form from
urine calcium salts
59
Where do kidney stones usually develop
within the major and minor calyx
60
What are stag horn calculus
a collection of kidney stones
61
What would cause an internal ureteric obstruction
Impacted renal calculus or a blood clot
62
What would cause an external ureteric compression
an expanding mass e.g. a tumour
63
Why do kidney stones often present with colicky pain
The ureter has smooth muscle within its walls so peristaltic waves come to try and dislodge something that is stuck resulting in colicky pain
64
What happens to urine when there is an obstruction
Urine is backed up towards the kidney
65
If the obstruction is within the calyces or ureter, what happens to the pressure of urine
Unilateral back pressure of urine
66
What can obstructions in the bladder cause
unilateral or bilateral kidney problems
67
What might obstruction tot the urethra cause
Bilateral kidney probelsm
68
What does renal failure mean
failure to adequately filter the blood to produce urine. This can be caused by urine being backed up into the kidney
69
What is hydronephrosis
water inside the kidney
70
What does acute hydronephrosis cause
painful stretching of the renal capsule. This can be palpated during clinical examination

SM Renal (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions