Embryology

Question 1

What germ layer gives rise to the kidney

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

What do the pronephros become in adults life

Answer 2

Nothing - remnants in adult life

Question 3

What is the ultimate function of the mesonephric duct

Answer 3

It connects where the bladder is going to develop

Question 4

What happens to the segments of the mesonephros during development

Answer 4

As development goes on, the more cranial parts begin to regress and degenerate and disappear

Question 5

The mesnephros connect with two areas of the embryo. What are these

Answer 5

Vasculature

Developing bladder

Question 6

How many mesonephric tubes are produced

Answer 6

40

Question 7

When do the mesonephric tubules regress. How many left and where are they situated

Answer 7

End of Week 5 leaving 20 at L1-L3

Question 8

What do the mesonephros differentiate into and when.

Answer 8

Excretory units

Between weeks 6-10

Question 9

What do the mesonephros act as during weeks 6-10

Answer 9

Kidneys - producing a filtrate but waste is removed via the placenta

Question 10

When do the metaphors appear

Answer 10

Week 5

Question 11

What do the metaphors become

Answer 11

The permanent kidney

Question 12

What do the metaphors form from

Answer 12

Ureteric Bud and Metanephric Blastema

Question 13

What is the ureteric bud

Answer 13

The communication to allow urine to pass to the bladder from the kidney

Question 14

Where do the ureteric buds sprout form and when

Answer 14

distal mesonephric ducts

Day 28

Question 15

What do the ureteric buds penetrate and when

Answer 15

portion of aural intermediate mesoderm

Day 32

Question 16

What happens if there is no contact between the ureteric bud and the metanephric meenchyme

Answer 16

You can’t form a kidney

Question 17

What happens if there is a failure of the ureteric bud to meet the metanephric mesenchyme bilaterally

Answer 17

Not compatible with life as there is no mechanism for filtering the blood

Question 18

What does the ureteric bud go on to form

Answer 18

the collecting system

Question 19

What forms the nephron

Answer 19

metanephric Blastema

Question 20

What shape does the nephrite vesicle take on

Answer 20

S shape

Question 21

When do the kidneys attain their adult position

Answer 21

About week 9

Question 22

What happens to the blood vessels that supplied the kidneys before they ascended

Answer 22

They degenerate as they are no longer needed. These are more caudal

Question 23

What happens if the kidneys move up but the caudal arteries do not degenerate

Answer 23

We end up with accessory renal arteries

Question 24

What does the Cloaca divide into

Answer 24

A posterior structure (Rectum) and an anterior structure (Primitive urogenital sinus)

Question 25

What forms from the primitive urogenital sinus

Answer 25

Bladder
Pelvic Urethra
Definitive urogenital sinus

Question 26

Where is the non-muscular part of the bladder formed form

Answer 26

Neonephric ducts

Question 27

Name some bladder defects that can occur in embryological development

Answer 27

Urachal fistula
Urachal cyst
Urachal sinus