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SM Renal > Anatomy of Male Reproductive tract and Lower urinary tract > Flashcards

Anatomy of Male Reproductive tract and Lower urinary tract Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the false pelvis located

A

From the iliac crests to the pelvic inlet (part of the abdominal cavity)

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2
Q

Where is the true pelvis located

A

Pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor

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3
Q

What is another word for the true pelvis

A

Pelvic cavity

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4
Q

Where is the bladder located

A

Pelvic Cavity

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5
Q

What is the name of the pelvic floor muscles

A

Levator Ani

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6
Q

Where does the urethra pass from and where does it go to

A

Passes through the pelvic floor and into the perineum

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7
Q

How is the pelvic floor formed

A

By the bowl shaped pelvic diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the pelvic floor made up of

A

Lots of muscles including the Levator Ani

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9
Q

What are some of the openings in the pelvic floor

A

Distal parts of alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts

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10
Q

Where does the perineum lie

A

Between pelvic floor and skin

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11
Q

The ureters pass anteriorly to what before entering the pelvis

A

The common iliac vessels

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12
Q

What happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine

A

They turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

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13
Q

What helps prevent reflux of urine back into he ureters when the bladder contracts

A

The fact that the ureters enter the posterior bladder wall in an inferomedial direction

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14
Q

Where do the ureters lie in relation to the pelvic wall

A

They follow the lateral walls of the true pelvis

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15
Q

What is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity

A

The rectovesicle pouch

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16
Q

Where does the ureter lie in relation to the vas deferens

A

It passes posteriorly and inferiorly

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17
Q

What does the round ligament in the female do

A

Attaches the uterus to the perineum via the inguinal canal

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18
Q

What is the name of the pouch that lies between the bladder and uterus

A

vesico-uterine pouch

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19
Q

What is the rectouterine pouch or the pouch of Douglas

A

The most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

Where does the uterus run in relation to the uterine tubes and the uterine artery

A

Inferiorly - like water under a bridge

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21
Q

What are the names of the branches coming from the internal iliac artery in females

A

Vesical arteries
Uterine artery
Middle rectal artery
Vaginal artery

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22
Q

What artery supplies the prostate gland and what is it a branch of

A

Prostatic artery and it is a branch of the vesical arteries

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23
Q

What structures form the 3 corners of the trigone

A

2 ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice

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24
Q

What is the trigone

A

A triangle shape on the internal aspect of the bladder

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25
Q

Both males and females have an internal urethral sphincter. True or False

A

False - only males do

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26
Q

What is the superior border of the bladder in contact with

A

The peritoneum

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27
Q

What is the name of the muscle which forms the main bulk of the bladder wall called

A

Detrusor muscle

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28
Q

What does the detrusor muscle do around the neck of the male bladder and what is it’s function

A

forms the internal urethral sphincter muscles which contacts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder

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29
Q

What is the function of the detrusor muscle in both males and females

A

The muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices and the fibres tighten when the bladder contracts
Also prevents reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter

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30
Q

What is the most anterior organ in the pelvis

A

The bladder

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31
Q

What happens when the bladder is full with regards to its anatomical position

A

It extends out of the true pelvis and into the false pelvis: its superior part lies superior to the pubic bone
Superior part is still covered by the peritoneum

32
Q

How is a suprapubic catheter inserted

A

Through the anterior abdominal wall and avoiding the peritoneal cavity
Needle is inserted superior to the pubic bone

33
Q

How long is the female urethra

A

4 cm long

34
Q

Is the external urethral spincter under voluntary or involuntary action

A

Voluntary - skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra

35
Q

How long is the male urethra

A

20cm long

36
Q

Where does the spongy urethra lie

A

within the corpus spongiosum

37
Q

Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control

A

Involuntary

38
Q

Describe the route that sperm takes form being produced to ejaculated

A 
Produced in testicle
stored in epididymis 
Passes through the vas deferens
Through the seminal gland 
Through the ejaculatory duct 
Thought the prostate gland
Into the prostatic urethra 
Into the spongy urethra 
Exits via the external urethral orrifice
39
Q

Describe the route of the vas deferens

A

The vas deferens passes through the spermatic cord and the inguinal canal, superficial ring and then the deep ring to enter the abdomen.
Vas deferens runs posteriorly to the bladder
Then meets the ejaculatory duct before passing into the prostate gland

40
Q

When do the testes move from their original position in the posterior abdomen through the inguinal canal to the scrotum

A

During embryological and metal development

41
Q

What is located within the spermatic cord

A

Testicular artery
Testicular vein
vas deferens
Lymphatic vessles

42
Q

The testis sit within a sac. What is the name of this sac

A

Tunica vaginalis

43
Q

What is located between the visceral layer and parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis

A

Fluid

44
Q

What is the function of the appendix testis

A

There is no function

Simply an embryological remnant

45
Q

What can happen to the appendix testis

A

It can twist causing torsion of appendix testis which can lead to necrosis

46
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

Excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis

47
Q

Where are the testis and epididymus attached to the spermatic cord

A

superiorly

48
Q

Why are the tests at risk of twisting (torsion of the spermatic cord)

A

They are quite mobile within the scrotum

49
Q

What does the right spermatic cord contain

A

vas deferens
testicular artery
pampiniform venous plexus

50
Q

What does the pampiniform venous plexus do

A

Drains deoxygenated blood from the testis

51
Q

What structures pass through the deep inguinal ring

A 
Testicular artery 
Testicular vein
Vas deferens 
Lymphatics 
Nerves
52
Q

What is the equivalent of the testicular artery in females

A

Ovarian artery

53
Q

What are the ovarian arteries and testicular arteries also known as

A

Gonadal arteries

54
Q

The right testicular vein drains into what

A

The IVC

55
Q

The left testicular vein drains into what

A

The left renal vein before joining with the IVC

56
Q

Where can the epididymus be palpated

A

Posterior aspect of the testis

57
Q

What does a normal vas deferens feel like

A

A thick piece of string

58
Q

Where does the vas deferens being

A

At the inferior pole of the testis

59
Q

Where is the ejaculatory duct found

A

within the body of the prostate gland

60
Q

Describe the appearance of the prostate gland and its anatomical relationship with neighbouring structures

A

Walnut sized
surrounds the prostatic urethra
inferior aspect is in contact with the elevator ani muscle

61
Q

What are the 2 zones of the prostate gland

A

Central and peripheral

62
Q

What zone is felt during a prostate examination

A

Peripheral zone

63
Q

Where do most prostate cancers arise

A

In the peripheral zone

64
Q

Where does the penis lie

A

Within the perineum

65
Q

What is the lateral aspect of the root of the penis attached to

A

The ischium (bone) of the pelvis

66
Q

What happens during an erection

A

3 cylinders of erectile tissue become engorged with blood at arterial pressure

67
Q

What do the right and left corpus cavernous do

A

Transmit the deep arteries of the penis

68
Q

What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue

A

Right and left corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

69
Q

What can retraction of the prepuce lead to

A

constriction of the neck of the glans causing it to swell

70
Q

What is the name of the procedure in which the prepuce is surgically removed

A

Circumcision

71
Q

How is blood delivered to the penis

A

via the deep arteries of the penis - branches of the internal pudendal artery (from the internal iliac)

72
Q

How is blood delivered to the scrotum

A

Dual blood supply:

Via the internal pudendal and branches from the external iliac artery

73
Q

Where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis (not the glans) drain t

A

superficial fascia in the groin

74
Q

Where does lymph from the testis drain to

A

Lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta

75
Q

Where does lymph from the glans drain to

A

the deep inguinal lymph nodes

SM Renal (23 decks)

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