Anatomy of Male Reproductive tract and Lower urinary tract Flashcards
Where is the false pelvis located
From the iliac crests to the pelvic inlet (part of the abdominal cavity)
Where is the true pelvis located
Pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor
What is another word for the true pelvis
Pelvic cavity
Where is the bladder located
Pelvic Cavity
What is the name of the pelvic floor muscles
Levator Ani
Where does the urethra pass from and where does it go to
Passes through the pelvic floor and into the perineum
How is the pelvic floor formed
By the bowl shaped pelvic diaphragm
What is the pelvic floor made up of
Lots of muscles including the Levator Ani
What are some of the openings in the pelvic floor
Distal parts of alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts
Where does the perineum lie
Between pelvic floor and skin
The ureters pass anteriorly to what before entering the pelvis
The common iliac vessels
What happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine
They turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder
What helps prevent reflux of urine back into he ureters when the bladder contracts
The fact that the ureters enter the posterior bladder wall in an inferomedial direction
Where do the ureters lie in relation to the pelvic wall
They follow the lateral walls of the true pelvis
What is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity
The rectovesicle pouch
Where does the ureter lie in relation to the vas deferens
It passes posteriorly and inferiorly
What does the round ligament in the female do
Attaches the uterus to the perineum via the inguinal canal
What is the name of the pouch that lies between the bladder and uterus
vesico-uterine pouch
What is the rectouterine pouch or the pouch of Douglas
The most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity
Where does the uterus run in relation to the uterine tubes and the uterine artery
Inferiorly - like water under a bridge
What are the names of the branches coming from the internal iliac artery in females
Vesical arteries
Uterine artery
Middle rectal artery
Vaginal artery
What artery supplies the prostate gland and what is it a branch of
Prostatic artery and it is a branch of the vesical arteries
What structures form the 3 corners of the trigone
2 ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice
What is the trigone
A triangle shape on the internal aspect of the bladder
Both males and females have an internal urethral sphincter. True or False
False - only males do
What is the superior border of the bladder in contact with
The peritoneum
What is the name of the muscle which forms the main bulk of the bladder wall called
Detrusor muscle
What does the detrusor muscle do around the neck of the male bladder and what is it’s function
forms the internal urethral sphincter muscles which contacts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder
What is the function of the detrusor muscle in both males and females
The muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices and the fibres tighten when the bladder contracts
Also prevents reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter
What is the most anterior organ in the pelvis
The bladder
What happens when the bladder is full with regards to its anatomical position
It extends out of the true pelvis and into the false pelvis: its superior part lies superior to the pubic bone
Superior part is still covered by the peritoneum
How is a suprapubic catheter inserted
Through the anterior abdominal wall and avoiding the peritoneal cavity
Needle is inserted superior to the pubic bone
How long is the female urethra
4 cm long
Is the external urethral spincter under voluntary or involuntary action
Voluntary - skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra
How long is the male urethra
20cm long
Where does the spongy urethra lie
within the corpus spongiosum
Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control
Involuntary
Describe the route that sperm takes form being produced to ejaculated
Produced in testicle stored in epididymis Passes through the vas deferens Through the seminal gland Through the ejaculatory duct Thought the prostate gland Into the prostatic urethra Into the spongy urethra Exits via the external urethral orrifice
Describe the route of the vas deferens
The vas deferens passes through the spermatic cord and the inguinal canal, superficial ring and then the deep ring to enter the abdomen.
Vas deferens runs posteriorly to the bladder
Then meets the ejaculatory duct before passing into the prostate gland
When do the testes move from their original position in the posterior abdomen through the inguinal canal to the scrotum
During embryological and metal development
What is located within the spermatic cord
Testicular artery
Testicular vein
vas deferens
Lymphatic vessles
The testis sit within a sac. What is the name of this sac
Tunica vaginalis
What is located between the visceral layer and parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis
Fluid
What is the function of the appendix testis
There is no function
Simply an embryological remnant
What can happen to the appendix testis
It can twist causing torsion of appendix testis which can lead to necrosis
What is a hydrocele
Excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis
Where are the testis and epididymus attached to the spermatic cord
superiorly
Why are the tests at risk of twisting (torsion of the spermatic cord)
They are quite mobile within the scrotum
What does the right spermatic cord contain
vas deferens
testicular artery
pampiniform venous plexus
What does the pampiniform venous plexus do
Drains deoxygenated blood from the testis
What structures pass through the deep inguinal ring
Testicular artery Testicular vein Vas deferens Lymphatics Nerves
What is the equivalent of the testicular artery in females
Ovarian artery
What are the ovarian arteries and testicular arteries also known as
Gonadal arteries
The right testicular vein drains into what
The IVC
The left testicular vein drains into what
The left renal vein before joining with the IVC
Where can the epididymus be palpated
Posterior aspect of the testis
What does a normal vas deferens feel like
A thick piece of string
Where does the vas deferens being
At the inferior pole of the testis
Where is the ejaculatory duct found
within the body of the prostate gland
Describe the appearance of the prostate gland and its anatomical relationship with neighbouring structures
Walnut sized
surrounds the prostatic urethra
inferior aspect is in contact with the elevator ani muscle
What are the 2 zones of the prostate gland
Central and peripheral
What zone is felt during a prostate examination
Peripheral zone
Where do most prostate cancers arise
In the peripheral zone
Where does the penis lie
Within the perineum
What is the lateral aspect of the root of the penis attached to
The ischium (bone) of the pelvis
What happens during an erection
3 cylinders of erectile tissue become engorged with blood at arterial pressure
What do the right and left corpus cavernous do
Transmit the deep arteries of the penis
What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue
Right and left corpus cavernosum
Corpus spongiosum
What can retraction of the prepuce lead to
constriction of the neck of the glans causing it to swell
What is the name of the procedure in which the prepuce is surgically removed
Circumcision
How is blood delivered to the penis
via the deep arteries of the penis - branches of the internal pudendal artery (from the internal iliac)
How is blood delivered to the scrotum
Dual blood supply:
Via the internal pudendal and branches from the external iliac artery
Where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis (not the glans) drain t
superficial fascia in the groin
Where does lymph from the testis drain to
Lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta
Where does lymph from the glans drain to
the deep inguinal lymph nodes
