Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CM > Urine Microscopic Exam > Flashcards

Urine Microscopic Exam Flashcards

1
Q

casts are composed of what protein

A

Tamm-Horsfall (uromodulin) protein excreted by renal tubular epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

casts are formed in the

A

distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts (wider casts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

casts are reported as

A

number per low-power field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RBCs appear _____ in concentrated urine

A

crenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RBCs appear _________ in dilute urine

A

larger empty cells (ghost cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

______________ indicate glomerular bleeding

A

regular (dysmorphic) shapes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

RBCs sources of error

A

oil droplets, air bubbles, yeast cells (look for budding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Urine RBCs clinical significance

A

glomerular membrane damage,Blleding in the urinary tract,renal calculi,malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria is indicated by

A

a clear red urine with a positive reagent strip RBC and no RBCs in the microscopic analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Eosinophils have red granules when stained with

A

Wright or Hansel stains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neutrophils that have swollen in dilute urine, resulting in Brownian movement of the granules in the cytoplasm

A

Glitter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe glitter cells

A

neutrophils that have swollen in dilute urine, resulting in Brownian movement of the granules in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WBCs sources of error

A

renal tubular epithelial cells, mononuclear lymphocytes, and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WBC urinalysis correlations

A

leukocyte esterase, nitrite, pH, and specific gravity (glitter cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WBCs CS

A

UTI (neutrophils),Drug-induced interstitial nephritis (eosinophils),malignancy (mononuclear cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

largest cells in the urine sediment

A

Squamous cells.-represent normal sloughing of old lower genitourinary tract cells.*folded squamous cells may resemble urinary casts (look for a centrally located nucleus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

squamous epithelial cells covered with Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria, indicating a vaginal infection

A

Clue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe clue cells

A

squamous epithelial cells covered with Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria, indicating a vaginal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Transitional (urothelial) cells are found in

A

renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and male urethra.normally seen after catheterization procedures (often seen in clumps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

forms of transitional cells

A

spherical, caudate, and polyhedral.Spherical cells resemble renal tubular cells, except they have a centrally located nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

increased transitional cells may indicate

A

malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Renal tubular epithelial cells are found in

A

renal tubules and collecting duct.cell shape vary with location.Convoluted tubule cells are rectangular with coarse granules and may resemble a cast (look for a nucleus)Distal convoluted tubule cells are small and round, may resemble spherical transitional cells buth have an eccentric nucleus.Cells from collecting duct are cuboidal with at least one straight edge ad are frequently seen in clumps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Renal Tubular Epithelial cells (RTE) CS

A

more than two RTE cells per HPF is significant.Tubular necrosis, often from poisoning or viral infections.RTE cells absorb filtrate and may be bilirubin stained (liver damage), contain hemosiderin granules (hemoglobin) or lipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

RTE cells that have absorbed lipids

A

Oval fat bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe oval fat bodies

A

RTE cells that have absorbed lipids.highly refractile.Seen in conjunction with free-floating lipids.confirm staining with oil red O, Sudan III, or polarized microscopy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

oval fat bodies CS

A

Nephrotic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and crush injuries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

bacteria should be accompanied by

A

WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

bacteria sources of error

A

amorphous urates, phosphates, and old specimens with a high pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

bacteria CS

A

UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

oval structures with buds or mycelia

A

yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

describe yeast

A

oval structures with buds or mycelia

32
Q

yeast should be accompanied by

33
Q

Yeast is associated with

A

acidic urine from patients with diabetes mellitus

34
Q

yeast source of error

35
Q

yeast CS

A

DM, immunocompromised patients, vaginal infections

36
Q

parasites in urine

A

Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma haematobium, Enterobius vermicularis (fecal contamination)

37
Q

describe Trichomonas vaginalis

A

exhibits rapid flagellar movement in wet preparations

38
Q

urine parasites source of error

A

WBCs and renal tubular epithelial cells

39
Q

urine parasites CS

A

sexually transmitted disease that is asymptomatic in males and causes a vaginal infection in females

40
Q

strands of protein secreted by glands and renal tubular epithelial cells

41
Q

describe mucus

A

strands of protein secreted by glands and renal tubular epithelial cells

42
Q

major protein of mucus

A

Tamm-Horsfall (uromodulin) protein

43
Q

Mucus sources of error

A

clumps may resemble hyaline casts (look for the consistent shape of a cast)

44
Q

Mucus CS

A

Mucus is of no clinical significance

45
Q

precipitation of urine solutes affected by temperature, solute concentration, and pH

46
Q

describe crystals

A

precipitation of urine solutes affected by temperature, solute concentration, and pHmore abundant in refrigerated specimens.polarized microscopy aids in their identificationabnormal crystals are found only in acidic or normal urine.

47
Q

normal crystals seen in acidic urine

A

Uric acid crystals, amorphous urates, calcium oxalate

48
Q

normal crystals seen in alkaline urin

A

triple phosphate crystals, amorphous phosphate crystals, calcium carbonate crystals, ammonium biurate crystals

49
Q

abnormal crystals

A

cysteine, cholesterol, tyrosine, leucine, bilirubin, sulfonamide, ampicillin

50
Q

yellow-brown, flat sided rhombic plates, wedges, and rosettes

A

uric acid crystals

51
Q

describe uric acid crystals

A

yellow-brown, flat sided rhombic plates, wedges, and rosettes

52
Q

uric acid crystals SOE

A

cysteine crystals (uric acid crystals polarize and cysteine crystals do not polarize)

53
Q

uric acid crystals CS

A

patients receiving chemotherapy, Lesch-Nyhan disease

54
Q

small spheres producing brick-dust (uroerythrin) or yellow-brown sediment

A

amorphous urates

55
Q

describe amorphous urates

A

small spheres producing brick-dust (uroerythrin) or yellow-brown sediment

56
Q

describe calcium oxalate crystals

A

may also be seen in alkaline urineThe dehydrate form is envelope shaped; clumps in fresh urine may indicate renal calculi.The monohydrate form is oval or dumbbell shaped; presence of this form indicates ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) ingestion

57
Q

coffin-lid shaped

A

triple phosphate crystals

58
Q

describe triple phosphate crystals

A

coffin-lid shapedassociated with a very high pH and bacteria found in old specimens

59
Q

produce a white precipitate after refrigeration

A

amorphous phosphate crystals

60
Q

dumbbell and spherical shapes. produce gas with acetic acid

A

Calcium carbonate crystals

61
Q

describe calcium carbonate

A

dumbbell and spherical shapes. produce gas with acetic acid

62
Q

yellow-brown thorny apple-shaped crystals.

A

ammonium biurate crystals

63
Q

describe ammonium biurate crystals

A

yellow-brown thorny apple-shaped crystals.associated with old specimens with bacteria.

64
Q

hexagonal flat plates

A

cystine crystals

65
Q

describe cystine crystals

A

hexagonal flat plates.an inherited disorder that inhibits the reabsorption of cystine by the renal tubules (cystinuria); renal calculi form at an early age

66
Q

rectangular plates with notched corners, highly birefringent under polarized light

A

cholesterol crystals

67
Q

describe cholesterol crystals

A

rectangular plates with notched corners, highly birefringent under polarized light.seen in refrigerated urine and accompanied by fatty casts and oval fat bodies.Nephrotic syndrome.

68
Q

yellow needle-shaped forms in clusters or rosettes

A

tyrosine crystals

69
Q

describe tyrosine crystals

A

yellow needle-shaped forms in clusters or rosettes.Severe liver disease.

70
Q

yellow-brown spheres with concentric circles

A

Leucine crystals

71
Q

describe leucine cystals

A

yellow-brown spheres with concentric circles.seen in conjunction with tyrosine crystals. seen in sever liver disease.

72
Q

bright yellow clumped needles and granules

A

bilirubin crystals

73
Q

describe bilirubin crystals

A

bright yellow clumped needles and granules. liver damage often from viral infections that damage the renal tubules, preventing reabsorption of bilirubin

74
Q

needle, rosette, and rhombic shapes

A

sulfonamide crystals

75
Q

describe sulfonamide crystals

A

needle, rosette, and rhombic shapes.inadequately hydrated patients taking sulfonamide medications.

76
Q

colorless needles that form clumps after refrigeration

A

ampicillin crystals

77
Q

describe ampicillin crystals

A

colorless needles that form clumps after refrigeration.inadequately hydrated patients taking ampicillin

CM (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions