Seminal Fluid Flashcards
Germ cells
Spermatozoa
Provides nutrients and fructose for sperm energy
Seminal fluid
Provides substances for coagulation and liquifaction
Prostate fluid
Provides alkaline mucus to neutralize the acidity of prostate fluid and the vagina
Bulbourethral gland fluid
The majority of the sperm are in the _________ of the ejaculate, so a complete collection is essential
First part
Collect after _________ but not more than _________ of abstinance.
2 to 3 days; 5 days
Keep the specimen at _________ and deliver to the lab within ________.
RT; 1 hour
Appearance:
Normal - ________
White turbidity - _______
Red - ________
Yellow - ________
Appearance:
Normal - gray-white, transclucent
White turbidity - WBCs, infection
Red - RBCs
Yellow - urine contamination (urine is toxic to sperm)
Fresh semen is
Clotted
Normal liquifaction takes place within
30 to 60 minutes
Abnormal liquifaction indicates
A deficiency of prostate enzymes
Normal volume of semen
2 to 5 mL
Normal viscosity of semen
Ability to form discrete droplets from a pipette
Increased viscosity and delayed liquifaction
Impede sperm motility
Normal pH of semen
7.2 to 8.0
Increased pH indicates
Infection
Decreased pH indicates
Increased prostatic fluid
Normal sperm concentration
Greater than 20 million / mL
Seminal fluid must be _______ to immobilize the sperm
Diluted
Counts must be corrected from microliters to
Milliliters
Indicates disrupted spermatogenesis
More than 1 million spermatids
Indictes infection
More than 1 million WBCs
Sperm count formula
Sperm per mL x specimen volume
Sperm motility is evaluated by the _______ and _______ of the sperm movement
Speed and direction
Criteria for sperm motility
Rapid, straight line;
Slower speed, some lateral movement;
Slow forward movement;
Noticeable lateral movement;
No forward movement;
No movement
Describe head morphology
Contains the acrosome with enzymes for ovum penetration.
Double and irregularly shaped heads interfere with oenetration.
Describe the neck piece
Attaches the head to the midpiece.
A neckpiece too long causes a bent head that interferes with motility.
Describe the midpiece
Contains mitochondria to provide energy for the tail
Describe the tail
Acts as a flagellum to propel the sperm.
Double and coiled tails interfere with motility.
Normal value for sperm morphology
Greater than 30% normal sperm using routine criteria and greater than 14% using strict criteria.
How to test sperm viability
Stain smears with eosin-nigrosin.
Nonviable sperm absorb the stain and appear red.
Viable sperm do not stain.
Normal value for sperm viability
75% normal sperms per 100 cells counted
Four components of semen
Spermatozoa
Seminal fluid
Prostate fluid
Bulbourethral gland fluid
Postvasectomy semen analysis:
Carefully evaluate a wet preparation for _________________.
Report _______________.
Negative specimens may be _________________.
Viable and nonviable sperm.
Any sperm seen.
Centrifuged and reexamined.