Seminal Fluid

Question 1

Germ cells

Answer 1

Spermatozoa

Question 2

Provides nutrients and fructose for sperm energy

Answer 2

Seminal fluid

Question 3

Provides substances for coagulation and liquifaction

Answer 3

Prostate fluid

Question 4

Provides alkaline mucus to neutralize the acidity of prostate fluid and the vagina

Answer 4

Bulbourethral gland fluid

Question 5

The majority of the sperm are in the _________ of the ejaculate, so a complete collection is essential

Answer 5

First part

Question 6

Collect after _________ but not more than _________ of abstinance.

Answer 6

2 to 3 days; 5 days

Question 7

Keep the specimen at _________ and deliver to the lab within ________.

Answer 7

RT; 1 hour

Question 8

Appearance:

Normal - ________

White turbidity - _______

Red - ________

Yellow - ________

Answer 8

Appearance:

Normal - gray-white, transclucent

White turbidity - WBCs, infection

Red - RBCs

Yellow - urine contamination (urine is toxic to sperm)

Question 9

Fresh semen is

Answer 9

Clotted

Question 10

Normal liquifaction takes place within

Answer 10

30 to 60 minutes

Question 11

Abnormal liquifaction indicates

Answer 11

A deficiency of prostate enzymes

Question 12

Normal volume of semen

Answer 12

2 to 5 mL

Question 13

Normal viscosity of semen

Answer 13

Ability to form discrete droplets from a pipette

Question 14

Increased viscosity and delayed liquifaction

Answer 14

Impede sperm motility

Question 15

Normal pH of semen

Answer 15

7.2 to 8.0

Question 16

Increased pH indicates

Answer 16

Infection

Question 17

Decreased pH indicates

Answer 17

Increased prostatic fluid

Question 18

Normal sperm concentration

Answer 18

Greater than 20 million / mL

Question 19

Seminal fluid must be _______ to immobilize the sperm

Answer 19

Diluted

Question 20

Counts must be corrected from microliters to

Answer 20

Milliliters

Question 21

Indicates disrupted spermatogenesis

Answer 21

More than 1 million spermatids

Question 22

Indictes infection

Answer 22

More than 1 million WBCs

Question 23

Sperm count formula

Answer 23

Sperm per mL x specimen volume

Question 24

Sperm motility is evaluated by the _______ and _______ of the sperm movement

Answer 24

Speed and direction

Question 25

Criteria for sperm motility

Answer 25

Rapid, straight line;

Slower speed, some lateral movement;

Slow forward movement;

Noticeable lateral movement;

No forward movement;

No movement

Question 26

Describe head morphology

Answer 26

Contains the acrosome with enzymes for ovum penetration.

Double and irregularly shaped heads interfere with oenetration.

Question 27

Describe the neck piece

Answer 27

Attaches the head to the midpiece.

A neckpiece too long causes a bent head that interferes with motility.

Question 28

Describe the midpiece

Answer 28

Contains mitochondria to provide energy for the tail

Question 29

Describe the tail

Answer 29

Acts as a flagellum to propel the sperm.

Double and coiled tails interfere with motility.

Question 30

Normal value for sperm morphology

Answer 30

Greater than 30% normal sperm using routine criteria and greater than 14% using strict criteria.

Question 31

How to test sperm viability

Answer 31

Stain smears with eosin-nigrosin.
Nonviable sperm absorb the stain and appear red.
Viable sperm do not stain.

Question 32

Normal value for sperm viability

Answer 32

75% normal sperms per 100 cells counted

Question 33

Four components of semen

Answer 33

Spermatozoa
Seminal fluid
Prostate fluid
Bulbourethral gland fluid

Question 34

Postvasectomy semen analysis:
Carefully evaluate a wet preparation for _________________.
Report _______________.
Negative specimens may be _________________.

Answer 34

Viable and nonviable sperm.
Any sperm seen.
Centrifuged and reexamined.