CSF

Question 1

Csf circulates through the ___________ of the meninges lining the brain and spinal cord and is reabsorbed in the ____________ of the brain.

Answer 1

Arachnoid space; arachnoid granules

Question 2

The tight-fitting _____________ in the choroid plexuses make the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from toxic substances.

Answer 2

Endothelial cells

Question 3

Three tube distribution:

Tube 1?

Answer 3

Chemistry / Immunology

Question 4

Three tube distribution:

Tube 2?

Answer 4

Microbiology

Question 5

Three tube distribution:

Tube 3?

Answer 5

Hematology

Question 6

Perform cell counts immediately because RBCs and granulocytes lyse within _______

Answer 6

1 hour

Question 7

The adult normal CSF WBC count is

Answer 7

0 to 5 / uL

Question 8

Newborns and children may have _________ counts and more _________.

Answer 8

Slightly higher; monocytes

Question 9

Cell counts are performed using a __________

Answer 9

Neubauer counting chamber

Question 10

Formula of csf cell count

Answer 10

No of cells cntd x dilution
OVER
No of sqs cntd x vol of 1 sq

Question 11

WBC counts require lysis of RBCs using

Answer 11

Percent glacial acetic acid

Question 12

Csf is formed where?

Answer 12

Choroid plexus

Question 13

CSF protein normal value

Answer 13

15 to 45 mg/dL

plasma protein is measured in g/dL

Question 14

The ______________ protein is found only in CSF

Answer 14

t transferrin

Question 15

Elevated csf protein clinical significance

Answer 15

1. BBB damage (meningitis, tumors, hemorrhage)

2. Multiple sclerosis (increased IgG produced in CNS)

Question 16

Decreased csf protein clinical significance

Answer 16

CSF leakage and trauma

Question 17

Detects damage to BBB

Answer 17

CSF / serum albumin index

Question 18

Normal value of csf / serum albumin index

Answer 18

Less than 9

Question 19

Csf / serum albumin index formula

Answer 19

Csf alb (mg/dL) / serum alb (g/dL)

Question 20

*Plasma protein is measured in

Answer 20

g/dL

Question 21

Detects production of IgG within the CNS

Answer 21

CSF IgG index

Question 22

CSF IgG index normal value

Answer 22

Approximately 0.70 or lower

Question 23

CSF IgG index formula

Answer 23

CSF IgG / serum IgG

CSF alb / serum alb

Question 24

Detects oligoclonal bands that represent inflammation in the CNS

Answer 24

CSF electrophoresis

Question 25

CSF electrophoresis is a test for

Answer 25

Multiple sclerosis.

Two or more bands are seen in the CSF and no bands in the serum; other disorders have banding in the serum.

Question 26

The presence of this indicates destruction of the myelin sheath that protects the axons of the neurons

Answer 26

Myelin basic protein

Question 27

Monitors the course of multiple sclerosis

Answer 27

Myelin basic protein

Question 28

Normal value of CSF glucose

Answer 28

60-70% of blood glucose

Question 29

Compare the CSF glucose with a blood glucose drawn approximately _________ before the spinal tap

Answer 29

2 hours

Question 30

Helpful in differentiation of types of meningitis

Answer 30

CSF glucose

Question 31

Decreased CSF glucose indicates

Answer 31

Damage to transport of glucose across BBB and increased use of glucose by the brain cells

Question 32

Increased by tissue destruction caused by lack of oxygen

Answer 32

CSF lactate

Question 33

Normal value of CSF lactate

Answer 33

Less than 25 mg/dL

Question 34

CSF lactate clinical significance

Answer 34

Aids in the differentiation of meningitis organisms

Question 35

Increased ______ indicates increased ammonia in the CNS

Answer 35

CSf glutamine

Question 36

Normal value of CSF glutamine

Answer 36

8 to 18 mg/dL

Question 37

CSF glutamine value greater than _____ disrupt consciousness

Answer 37

35 mg/dL

Question 38

Elevated CSF glutamine are seen in children with ________ that affects the liver

Answer 38

Reye’s syndrome

Question 39

Produces a starburst Gram stain pattern

Answer 39

Cryptococcus neoformans.

India ink and latex agglutination tests may be performed.