Fecal Analysis Flashcards
The ___________ receives the digestive products and water from the digestive process.
Large intestine
Much of the water is reabsorbed. Additional water results in _________, and too little water produces __________.
Diarrhea; constipation.
Type of diarrhea caused by bacterial, viral, or protozoan infection; fecal WBCs are seen in the stool.
Secretory diarrhea
Type of diarrhea caused by incomplete breakdown or reabsorption in the small intestine and retention of water in the large intestine.
Osmotic diarrhea.
Final digestion of food takes place in the ___________ with the aid of enzymes from the ________ and bile salts from the __________.
Small intestine;
Pancreas;
Liver.
Brown feces
Normal, caused by urobilin
Black feces
Upper GI bleeding, iron therapy, and antacids
Red feces
Lower GI bleeding, food coloring
Pale yellow / white feces
Bile duct obstruction, barium tests
Bulky, frothy stool
Bile duct obstruction, steatorrhea
Blood streaked mucus stool
Colitis, dysentery, malignancy
Fecal leukocytes detects
Invasive non-toxin-producing microorganisms
Muscle fibers detects
Undigested striated fibers seen with pancreatic insufficiency
Fiber: no visible striation
Digested fiber
Striations are only in one direction
Partially digested fibers
Vertical and horizontal fibers visible
Undigested fibers.
*only undigested fibers are counted.
Qualitative fecal fats is used for
Monitoring of malabsorption disorders
Neutral fats (triglyceride) stain easily with
Sudan III in alcohol
Soaps, fatty acids and cholesterol require
Application of heat to the slide
Screening for colorectal cancer
Occult blood
FOBT uses the _______________ of hemoglobin with ____________ as the indicator
Pseudoperoxidase activity; gum guiac
FOBT: patients must follow dietary instructions avoiding meat, fish, vegetables taht contain
Pseudoperoxidase, aspirin, and vitamin C
Immunologic FOBT (iFOBT) use _________ that are specific for the globin portion of the hemoglobin
Antihuman hemoglobin antibodies
Detects lower GI bleeding, which is more indicative of colorectal cancer.
iFOBT.
Blood from upper GI bleeding degrades before reaching the large intestine.
How to confirm a negative FOBT
Two of three negative
Quantitative fecal fats require collection of __________ and maintenance of a ________ diet.
A timed 3-day specimen;
100 g/day fat diet
Testing methods for quantitative fecal fats
Titration, acid steatocrit test, and near-infrared reflectance spetrophotometry
Differentiates pancreatic steatorrhea from non-pancreatic causes of steatorrhea
Elastase I, a pancreatic-specific enzyme measured by immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies against human pancreatic elastase I
Increased fecal carbohydrates is caused by
Failure to reabsorb carbohydrates (celiac disease)
or lack of digestive enzymes (lactose intolerance)
Common screening test for fecal carbohydrates
Clinitest, followed by carbohydrate intolerance tests
Can be used to test infant diarrhea
Stool pH. Normal is 7 to 8. pH levels below 5.5 indicate carbohydrate disorders.
Positive result for FOBT
Blue color - oxidized guiac