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CM > Serous Fluid > Flashcards

Serous Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

__________ line the membranes

A

Mesothelial cells

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2
Q

Three closed body cavities

A

Pleural, pericardial, peritoneal

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3
Q

Serous fluid is normally produced and reabsorbed at a constant rate; disruption of this process produces __________

A

Effusion

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4
Q

Effusions caused by systemic disorders are

A

Transudates

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5
Q

Effusions caused by membrane disorders are

A

Exudates

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6
Q

Pleural fluid collected by

A

Thoracentesis

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7
Q

Milky pleural fluid

A 
Thoracic duct leakage (chylous effusion),
Chronic infection (pseudochylous effusion)
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8
Q

Bloody pleural fluid

A 
Hemothorax,
Hemorrhagic effusion (embolus, tuberculosis, malignancy)
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9
Q

Viscous pleural fluid

A

Malignant mesothelioma producing hyaluronic acid

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10
Q

Neutrophils in pleural fluid

A

Pneumonia, pancreatitis

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11
Q

Lymphocytes in pleural fluid

A

Tuberculosis, viral infection

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12
Q

Eosinophils in pleural fluid

A

Pneumothorax

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13
Q

Mesothelial cells in pleural fluid

A

Normal, decreased with tuberculosis

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14
Q

Plasma cells in pleural fluid

A

Tuberculosis

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15
Q

Malignant cells in pleural fluid

A

Small cell and adenocarcinoma,

Metastatic carcinoma cells

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16
Q

Pleural fluid: pH less than 7.0 indicates

A

Need for chest tube drainage

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17
Q

Pleural fluid: pH less than 6.0 indicates

A

Esophageal rupture

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18
Q

Pleural fluid cholesterol

A

Equal to or less than 45 to 60 mg/dL (transudate),

Higher (exudate)

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19
Q

Pleural fluid: serum cholesterol ratio

A

Less than 0.3 - transudate

Higher - exudate

20
Q

Pleural fluid : serum bilirubin ratio

A

Less than 0.6 - transudate

Higher - exudate

21
Q

Pericardial fluid collected by

A

Pericardiocentesis

22
Q

Cloudy, blood-streaked pericardial fluid

A

Infection, malignancy

23
Q

Grossly bloody pericardial fluid

A

Cardiac puncture,

Anticoagulant medications

24
Q

Increased neutrophils in pericardial fluid is seen in

A

Bacterial endocarditis

25
Q

Peritoneal fluid is often called __________, effusion is _________

A

Ascitic fluid; ascites

26
Q

Effusions of peritoneal fluid are caused by

A 
Liver disorders (cirrhosis),
Intestinal infection (peritonitis),
Malignancy
27
Q

Serous fluid is located between the ________ and _________ that line the closed body cavities.

A

Parietal and visceral membranes

28
Q

Serum-ascites albumin gradient

A
  1. 1 or higher is a transudate.

1. 1 or lower is an exudate.

29
Q

Turbid peritoneal fluid

A

Infection

30
Q

Green peritoneal fluid

A

Gallbladder or pancreas disorder

31
Q

Blood-streaked peritoneal fluid

A

Trauma, infection, malignancy

32
Q

Milky peritoneal fluid

A

Lymphatic trauma or blockage

33
Q

Normal WBC count of peritoneal fluid

A

Less than 350/uL

34
Q

_____________ distinguishes between cirrhosis and peritonitis.

A

Absolute neutrophil count.

More than 250 neutrophil/uL or 50% of the differential indicates peritonitis

35
Q

Additional cells seen in peritoneal fluid include

A 
Abundant mesothelial cells,
Lipophages,
Yeast, 
Toxoplasma gondii,
Malignant colon, prostate, and ovarian cells.
36
Q

Peritoneal fluid glucose

A

Decreased in infection and malignancy

37
Q

Peritoneal fluid amylase

A

Elevated in pancreatitis and gastrointestinal perforations

38
Q

Peritoneal f

Uid alkaline phosphatase

A

Elevated in intestinal perforation

39
Q

Peritoneal fluid BUN and creatinine

A

Bladder rupture and puncture

40
Q

Peritoneal fluid tumor markers

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 125

41
Q

Microbiology test done on pleural fluid

A

Acid fast stains

42
Q

Pericardial fluid: refer metastatic malignant cells for____________

A

Cytologic examination

43
Q

Pericardial fluid: gram stains and cultures are performed on ___________

A

Concentrated specimens

44
Q

Pericardial fluid: acid-fast stains for tuberculosis are associated with_____________

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

45
Q

Recommended method for differentiating peritoneal fluid

A

Serum-ascites albumin gradient

CM (17 decks)

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