Serous Fluid

Question 1

__________ line the membranes

Answer 1

Mesothelial cells

Question 2

Three closed body cavities

Answer 2

Pleural, pericardial, peritoneal

Question 3

Serous fluid is normally produced and reabsorbed at a constant rate; disruption of this process produces __________

Answer 3

Effusion

Question 4

Effusions caused by systemic disorders are

Answer 4

Transudates

Question 5

Effusions caused by membrane disorders are

Answer 5

Exudates

Question 6

Pleural fluid collected by

Answer 6

Thoracentesis

Question 7

Milky pleural fluid

Answer 7

Thoracic duct leakage (chylous effusion),
Chronic infection (pseudochylous effusion)

Question 8

Bloody pleural fluid

Answer 8

Hemothorax,
Hemorrhagic effusion (embolus, tuberculosis, malignancy)

Question 9

Viscous pleural fluid

Answer 9

Malignant mesothelioma producing hyaluronic acid

Question 10

Neutrophils in pleural fluid

Answer 10

Pneumonia, pancreatitis

Question 11

Lymphocytes in pleural fluid

Answer 11

Tuberculosis, viral infection

Question 12

Eosinophils in pleural fluid

Answer 12

Pneumothorax

Question 13

Mesothelial cells in pleural fluid

Answer 13

Normal, decreased with tuberculosis

Question 14

Plasma cells in pleural fluid

Answer 14

Tuberculosis

Question 15

Malignant cells in pleural fluid

Answer 15

Small cell and adenocarcinoma,

Metastatic carcinoma cells

Question 16

Pleural fluid: pH less than 7.0 indicates

Answer 16

Need for chest tube drainage

Question 17

Pleural fluid: pH less than 6.0 indicates

Answer 17

Esophageal rupture

Question 18

Pleural fluid cholesterol

Answer 18

Equal to or less than 45 to 60 mg/dL (transudate),

Higher (exudate)

Question 19

Pleural fluid: serum cholesterol ratio

Answer 19

Less than 0.3 - transudate

Higher - exudate

Question 20

Pleural fluid : serum bilirubin ratio

Answer 20

Less than 0.6 - transudate

Higher - exudate

Question 21

Pericardial fluid collected by

Answer 21

Pericardiocentesis

Question 22

Cloudy, blood-streaked pericardial fluid

Answer 22

Infection, malignancy

Question 23

Grossly bloody pericardial fluid

Answer 23

Cardiac puncture,

Anticoagulant medications

Question 24

Increased neutrophils in pericardial fluid is seen in

Answer 24

Bacterial endocarditis

Question 25

Peritoneal fluid is often called __________, effusion is _________

Answer 25

Ascitic fluid; ascites

Question 26

Effusions of peritoneal fluid are caused by

Answer 26

``` Liver disorders (cirrhosis), Intestinal infection (peritonitis), Malignancy ```

Question 27

Serous fluid is located between the ________ and _________ that line the closed body cavities.

Answer 27

Parietal and visceral membranes

Question 28

Serum-ascites albumin gradient

Answer 28

1. 1 or higher is a transudate. | 1. 1 or lower is an exudate.

Question 29

Turbid peritoneal fluid

Answer 29

Infection

Question 30

Green peritoneal fluid

Answer 30

Gallbladder or pancreas disorder

Question 31

Blood-streaked peritoneal fluid

Answer 31

Trauma, infection, malignancy

Question 32

Milky peritoneal fluid

Answer 32

Lymphatic trauma or blockage

Question 33

Normal WBC count of peritoneal fluid

Answer 33

Less than 350/uL

Question 34

_____________ distinguishes between cirrhosis and peritonitis.

Answer 34

Absolute neutrophil count. | More than 250 neutrophil/uL or 50% of the differential indicates peritonitis

Question 35

Additional cells seen in peritoneal fluid include

Answer 35

``` Abundant mesothelial cells, Lipophages, Yeast, Toxoplasma gondii, Malignant colon, prostate, and ovarian cells. ```

Question 36

Peritoneal fluid glucose

Answer 36

Decreased in infection and malignancy

Question 37

Peritoneal fluid amylase

Answer 37

Elevated in pancreatitis and gastrointestinal perforations

Question 38

Peritoneal f | Uid alkaline phosphatase

Answer 38

Elevated in intestinal perforation

Question 39

Peritoneal fluid BUN and creatinine

Answer 39

Bladder rupture and puncture

Question 40

Peritoneal fluid tumor markers

Answer 40

Carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 125

Question 41

Microbiology test done on pleural fluid

Answer 41

Acid fast stains

Question 42

Pericardial fluid: refer metastatic malignant cells for____________

Answer 42

Cytologic examination

Question 43

Pericardial fluid: gram stains and cultures are performed on ___________

Answer 43

Concentrated specimens

Question 44

Pericardial fluid: acid-fast stains for tuberculosis are associated with_____________

Answer 44

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 45

Recommended method for differentiating peritoneal fluid

Answer 45

Serum-ascites albumin gradient