Urine Elimination (Test 5) Flashcards
Action of Kidneys?
Excrete urine and secrete hormones
5 things that occur in Urine elimination as we grow older
Ability to hold urine and bladder capacity decrease
Risk of incontinence, frequency of contractions, and irritability increases
How does Alcohol affect fluid intake?
Increases production of urine
How do caffeine and other irritants affect fluid intake?
Increases frequency, incontinence, and urgency
What can DM, MS, and stroke result in?
Overactivity of bladder or insufficient emptying
What can administration of anesthetic agents result in ?
Retention of urine
What is Anuria?
Volume of <100ml/24s; kidneys shut down; put on dialysis
What is Dysuria?
Painful Urination
What is Polyuria?
Excessive volume of urination
What is Oliguria?
Diminished volume of urine
What is Hematuria?
Bloody Urine
What is Nocturia?
Waking up with urge to urinate
What is Enuresis?
Involuntary urinating at night (Bedwetting)
What is Dribbling?
Involuntary leaking
What is Acute retention?
Sudden inability to void
What is chronic retention?
Bladder not completely emptying during void
How much volume per hour of urine is normal? What decreases urine output?
30ml/hr
Shock
Normal vs abnormal color of urine
Normal: yellow & amber, pale/straw
Abnormal: pink, red orange
Clarity of urine
Cloudy vs. clear, sediment
What does malodorous urine indicate?
Infection
Lab & Diagnostic tests
Blood tests: BUN/creatinine, electrolytes
Random Urinalysis: not effective
Clean catch/specimen(UA, C&S): typical
Sterile Specimen
Timed specimen
Dipstick UA: Bedside
Normal pH
4.6-8
Protein value in Urine
up to 8 mg/ 100ml
Glucose value in urine
not normally present
Ketones value in urine
not normally present
Blood
not normally present
specific gravity
1.0053 to 1.03
Osmolality
250-900 mOsm/kg
(Microscopic exam) RB
up to 2
WBC
0-4 per low field
Bacteria
not normally present (less than 1,000 colonies/ml)
Casts
not normally present
Crystals
not normally present
What is a Urine Culture?
Sterile specimen, takes 48-72 hours to identify organisms. Broad spectrum can be started after specimen collected
What is Urine Sensitivity?
Identifies antibiotic to which organism responds
Diagnostic Exams
KUB CT scan IV pyelogram Ultrasound Endoscopy-cystoscopy (most invasive)
What is KUB?
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder
What is a CT scan used for in urinary elimination?
kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra; if patient has kidney stone
What is an IV pyelogram?
Uses contrast. Used to view how blood flows through kidneys
What is an ultrasound used for in urinary elimination?
Soundwaves to view organs
What is an endoscopy-cystoscopy?
Invasive procedure, insert camera into bladder
Process and implications of Cystoscopy, Cystourethoscopy
NEED CONSENT
NPO, Bowel Prep
Possible Anesthesia
Post-Procedure: Bedrest for short time; assess first void(pink tinge is ok, large amount is not normal)
Assess for retention, bleeding, spasms, and pain
ENCOURAGE FLUIDS