Fluid Electrolytes/Acid-Base Imbalances

Question 1

Water makes up __ % of body weight, split into two compartments ____ & ____

Answer 1

60

Intracellular (2/3) and Extracellular (1/3)

Question 2

What spaces make up extracellular fluids?

Answer 2

Intravascular (plasma) 20%
Interstitial (lymph, tissue fluids) 80%
Third Space

Question 3

What is diffusion? Is it a passive process?

Answer 3

movement of SOLUTES from an area of high concentration to low concentration across a permeable membrane

Passive process

Question 4

What is active transport? Is it a passive process?

Answer 4

Moves molecules against gradient, low to high concentration.

It is not a passive process, it requires ATP. (ex. sodium-potassium mumps in cell membranes)
May require a carrier, ex. insulin molecule

Question 5

What is osmosis? Is it a passive process?

Answer 5

Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a higher solute concentration.

Passive Process

Question 6

What is filtration?

Answer 6

Movement of fluids through capillaries. An area of high to low pressure.

Question 7

2 forces during filtration?

Answer 7

Hydrostatic and osmotic/oncotic pressure

Question 8

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 8

force created by fluid responsible for normal circulation of blood.

Question 9

Normal cell electrolyte balance?

Answer 9

Extracellular: high sodium, chloride, HCO3
Intracellular: high potassium, magnesium, phosphorus

Question 10

What is albumin?

Answer 10

magnet that attracts and holds water inside blood vessel= colloid osmotic pressure

Question 11

S/S of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 11

HYPERKALEMIA
Cyanosis
Shallow respirations
Drowsy, weak

Question 12

S/S of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 12

Hypokalemia
Increased RR
NUMBING AND TINGLING
anxious
irritable

Question 13

S/S of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 13

Kussmaul respirations
Confused
Drowsy
Warm, flushed skin
Hyperkalemia

Question 14

S/S of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 14

N/V
Diarrhea
NG suction
Hypokalemia

Question 15

Interventions for Hyponatremia

Answer 15

High sodium foods
water restriction
3% NaCl (hypertonic solution)

Question 16

Interventions for Hypernatremia

Answer 16

replace fluids
diuretics
low Na foods
1/2 NS or D5W

Question 17

Interventions for Hypokalemia

Answer 17

High K foods
Sports drinks
Cardiac Monitor

Question 18

Interventions for Hyperkalemia

Answer 18

D50 and Insulin
Kayexelate to draw potassium out
Diuretics
HC03
HEMODIALYSIS
Cardiac monitor

Question 19

Interventions for Hypocalcemia

Answer 19

Eat dark green leafy vegetables and low fat dairy
Replace calcium
Thiazide diuretics to increase calcium absorption and retention

Question 20

Interventions for Hypercalcemia

Answer 20

Hydrate
Loop diuretics (LASIX, FUROSEMIDE, BUMEX)
Decrease Ca rich foods

Question 21

Interventions for Hypomagnesemia

Answer 21

Magnesium supplement

Eat Spinach, avocado, grains, nuts, legumes

Question 22

Interventions for Hypermagnesemia

Answer 22

Hydrate Diuretics

Question 23

What is third spacing in abdomen called?

Answer 23

Ascites

Question 24

What is third spacing in pleura called? example?

Answer 24

Pleural effusion.

ex. Lung Cancer

Question 25

What is third spacing in pericardium called? example?

Answer 25

Pericardial effusion

ex. endocarditis

Question 26

What is third spacing of tissue spaces called?

Answer 26

Peripheral edema

Question 27

S/S of third spacing?

Answer 27

Decrease BP and Urine Output
Increased HR and body weight
Pitting edema