Urine Elimination Part 2

Question 1

How does Caffeine and other irritants affect urine production?

Answer 1

Increases frequency, urgency, and incontinence

Question 2

What results in overactivity or inefficient empyting?

Answer 2

Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, stroke

Question 3

How do anticholinergics affect urine elimination?

Answer 3

Increase retention

Question 4

How do sedatives/hypnotics affect urine elimination?

Answer 4

decrease awareness of needs

Question 5

Normal vs. abnormal urine color

Answer 5

Normal: straw/pale, yellow & amber
Abnormal: pink, red, orange

Question 6

What is a cystoscopy/cystourethroscopy?

Important things to remember?

Answer 6

Examines lining of bladder and urethra

Assess first voiding
Pink tinge is OK, large amount of urine is not normal
Encourage fluids

Question 7

What is a renal arteriogram? (angiogram)

Important things to remember?

Answer 7

Xray to see blood vessels in kidneys, used for patients with high BP or kidney inflammation

Check for bleeding in groin, hematoma, tenderness
Bedrest 4-8 hours

Question 8

Strategies to prevent infection?

Answer 8

Fluid intake
Hygiene (wipe front to back)
Regular voiding
Incontinence management

Question 9

Does catheterization require an order?

Answer 9

Yes, it is invasive

Question 10

Medications for acute care

Answer 10

Antimuscarinics-treat overactive bladder, AKA treat incontinence

Antibacterials-Treat UTI

Urinary Analgesics- treat pain

Question 11

What type of catheter is used for a large prostate?

Answer 11

Indwelling coude tip

Question 12

Are UTIs more common in males or females?

Answer 12

Females

Question 13

What is Cystitis?

What is Pyelonephritis?

Answer 13

Inflammation of bladder or lower UT

Inflammation of kidneys or upper UT

Question 14

Pathophysiology of UTI?

Answer 14

Bacteria, fungus, virus enter sterile urinary tract causing inflammation (most common E. Coli)

Question 15

Where does the UTI usually come from?

Answer 15

Urethra, less common is bloodstream

Question 16

How does risk of UTI increase for men?

Answer 16

Aging due to prostate enlargement

Question 17

Medications for UTI?

Answer 17

Antimicrobials
- MOST COMMON trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS) and ciprofloxacin (Cipro): Uncomplicated 3 days, complicated 7-10 days

Bladder Analgesics/antiseptics (phenazopyridine-pyridium, orange urine) , (macrobid/macrodantine)

Antispasmadic (Hyoscyamine, anticholinergic)

Sulfonomides
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillin
Cephalosporin

Question 18

What is the first sign in elderly patients of UTI?

Answer 18

Confusion

Question 19

Locations of CAUTI?

Answer 19

Urethritis (around urethra)
Cystitis (bladder)
Prostatitis (prostate)
Pyelonephritis (Kidneys)

Question 20

Unique S/S in elderly of CAUTI?

Urosepsis S/S?

Answer 20

Confusion
sudden onset of incontinence
loss of appetite
nocturia
dysuria
UROSEPSIS: (tachycardia, tachypenia, hypotensions (BP<90), CATCH UROSEPSIS EARLY!!!! PROGRESSES QUICKLY TO SHOCK

Elevated HR and RR
High Fever(sometimes low temp)
Elevated WBC

Question 21

Who is at high risk of UTI?

Answer 21

Transgender patients

-Avoiding bathrooms