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FUNDAMENTALS > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanics of ventilation?

A

Moving air in and out of lungs

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2
Q

Mechanics of perfusion?

A

CV system pumping oxygenated blood & oxygen to the tissues then returns deoxygenated blood to lungs

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3
Q

Mechanics of diffusion?

A

Exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) across membranes in alveola and alveoli membranes

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4
Q

How to assess ventilation?

A

depth of breathing, RR, chest rise/fall

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5
Q

How to assess perfusion?

A

capillary refill, O2 sat, skin color

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6
Q

How to assess diffusion?

A

ABG’s

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7
Q

What is Hyperkapnia?

A

High level of CO2

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8
Q

What triggers a COPD patient to breath?

A

Low level of O2

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9
Q

Is oxygen therapy good for COPD patients?

A

No, O2 levels are elevated, trigger to breath is removed

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10
Q

What do crackles sound like?

A

Popping sound
Heard during inspiration
Not cleared by coughing

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11
Q

What do wheezes sound like?

A

Singing, High Pitched during inspiration and expiration

Not cleared by coughing

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12
Q

What does rhonchi sound like?

A

Low pitched, snoring

Cleared by coughing

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13
Q

What does Pleural friction rub sound like?

A

Squeaky saddle, low pitch

not cleared by coughing

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14
Q

What do oxygen orders include?

A

Flow rate, delivery system, duration, instructions

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15
Q

What does delivery include?

A

Flow meter, supply, tubing, device, Humidifier if over 4L/min

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16
Q

Nasal cannula FiO2 and rates

A

26-44% FiO2 on rates of 1-6 L/min

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17
Q

Vapotherm/High-flow nasal cannula FiO2 and rates

A

35-100% FiO2, 1-40 L/min

O2 is warm and humidified

18
Q

Simple face mask FiO2 and rates

A

35-50% FiO2, 6-12L/min must be at least 5 L/min

19
Q

Non rebreather mask FiO2 and rates

A

60-90% FiO2, 10-15L/min. Reservoir bag must be inflated 2/3 full, 1-way valve to prevent rebreathing of CO2

20
Q

What is FiO2?

A

Fraction of inspired oxygen

21
Q

What is FiO2% of Room Air? How much % does oxygen therapy add per L?

A

21% FiO2 Room Air

Oxygen Therapy adds 3% per L

22
Q

Describe a rebreather mask

A

Inhale some of CO2 from reservoir bag, for hyperventilation/alkalosis

23
Q

Describe a Venturi Mask

A

Specific volume of O2 for accurate low concentrations. 24-60% delivery

24
Q

Who are face tents used for?

A

Claustrophobic patients

25
Q

Describe a Trach mask

A

Gives humidified air to trachea

26
Q

List purposes of chest tubes

A
  • Remove air or fluid from pleural space for negative pressure
  • Reestablish intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressure
  • Reexpand the lungs
  • Post-op
27
Q

Care for patient tubes

A
  • Dislodged tube: cover site with gauze and tape 3 sides. NOTIFY HCP
  • Broken drainage system: insert tube 1 inch in bottle of sterile water and get replacement
  • DO NOT CLAMP WITHOUT HCP ORDER (only for tubing changing, air leaks, or before tube removal)
  • NOT RECOMMENDED TO MILK TUBING
28
Q

What culture is taken for TB test?

A

Sputum culture

29
Q

If more than one inhaler is used what order do you give them in?

A

Use bronchodilator(Albuterol) first, then Corticosteroid(Advair) next

30
Q

What is a fast way to get medication into respiratory tract?

A

Nebulizers

31
Q

What structures are found in the Upper Respiratory Tract? Functions?

A

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx

Nose humidifies air
Epiglottis protects aspirations into lower respiratory tract

32
Q

What structures are found in the Lower Respiratory Tract?

A

Trachea, Carina. Primary Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli

33
Q

Name the 2 layers of the lung

A 
Chest Wall (parietal Pleura)
Lung Tissue (Visceral Pleura)
34
Q

What is surfactant?

A

Maintains surface tension and prevents collapse

35
Q

What is Atelactasis?

A

Collapse of Alveoli

36
Q

How do accessory muscles help with oxygenation?

A

Can increase lung volume, prolonged use will result in fatigue

37
Q

Where does does diffusion occur?

A

Alveolar capillary membrane

38
Q

What influences the capacity of blood to carry O2?

A
  • Amount of HGB (RBCs)- transports O2 from lungs to tissues and binds some CO2 to return to lungs
  • Iron Availability
  • Ability of HGB to bind with CO2
  • Amount of O2 dissolved in plasma
39
Q

What regulates breathing?

A

Cerebral Cortex- voluntary control of breathing

Medulla Oblongota-sends signals to muscles that control respirations

40
Q

Where is deoxygenated blood transported to?

A

To right side of heart then flows to lungs. Oxygenated blood travels from lungs to left side of heart then to the tissues.

FUNDAMENTALS (15 decks)

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