Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FUNDAMENTALS > Lab Values and Diagnostics( TEST 4) > Flashcards

Lab Values and Diagnostics( TEST 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the Clinical Lab

A

Hematology, Chemistry, Microbiology, Blood Bank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is measured in Hematology (CBC)?

A

WBC COUNT
HEMOGLOBIN
PLATELETS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BMP (Basic Metabolic Panel)

A

SODIUM
POTASSIUM
CREATININE
GLUCOSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel)

A

Same as BMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Additional Electrolytes

A

Phosphorus
Magnesium
Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Microbiology

A

Sputum Gram Stain
Sputum Culture and Sensitivity
Pleural Fluid culture and sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Purpose of Blood Bank?

A

Blood typing and storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Term for WBC?

A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Leukocyte normal value, abnormal value, and lifespan

A

5,000-10,000
<2,000 or >40,000mm/3
Lifespan: 13-20 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Names of granulocytes & percentage:

A

Neutrophils: 55-70%
Bands: 3-5%
Eosinophils: 1-4%
Basophils: .5-1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Names of Agranulocytes & percentages:

A

Lymphocytes: 20-40%
Monocytes: 2-8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are bands?

A

Immature neutrophils, make up <5% of circulating neutrophils.
Function: Locate, Ingest, and kill bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a left shift?

A

Increase in the number of bands. Common with acute infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Term for High and Low WBC:

Causes

A

Leukocytosis/Neutrophilia: Trauma, stress, inflammation, tissue nekrosis, leukemia, infection

Leukopenia/Neutropenic: Drug Toxicity, chemo, bonne marrow infection , dietary deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If WBC count is high what do you do?

A

note and report s/s of infection or inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If WBC count is low what do you do?

A

initiate neutropenic precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal RBC values in men and women

A

Men: 4.7-6.1 million/mm3
Women: 4.2-5.4 million/mm3

M Hemoglobin: 14-18
W Hemoglobin: 12-16

M Hematocrit: 42-52%
W Hematocrit: 37-47%

18
Q

Term for High and Low RBC Count:

Causes

A

Polycythemia: living at high altitude, chronic lung disease with hypoxia, some drugs

Anemia: Pregnancy, decreased bone marrow production, over hydration, some drugs

19
Q

What is the rule of three?

A

Used to detect errors in RBC count, Hemoglobin, and Hematocrit

RBC, 3X= Hemoglobin, 3X= Hematocrit

20
Q

Term for High and Low platelet count:

Causes

A

Thrombocythemia: polycythemia, iron deficiency anemia, rheumatoid arthritis

Thrombocytopenia/Thrombocytosis: Heparin induced cytopenia(HIT), DIC, bone marrow disease, liver failure, sepsis, bleeding

21
Q

Normal Platelet count and lifespan

A

150,000-400,000/mm3

10 days

22
Q

What does PT stand for? What med is regulated with it?

A

Prothrombin, 11-12.5 seconds

Med: Coumadin

23
Q

What is PTT? What med is regulated with it? Assess intrinsic or extrinsic system?
Patients on anticoagulant therapy?

A

Partial Thromboplastin Time
Med: Warfarin
Intrinsic
1.5-2.5 X the control value in seconds

24
Q

What is INR?
In healthy people?
On anticoagulants?
Atrial Fibrillations/Mechanical Heart Valves?

A 
International Normalized Ratio.
Measures the time it takes blood to clot and compares it to average
Healthy: .8-1.1
Anticoagulants: 2-3
Mechanical Heart Valves: 3-4
25
Q

Sodium Value*

A

136-145 mEq/L

26
Q

Potassium Value*

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

27
Q

Glucose Value*

A

70-110 mg/dl

28
Q

Creatinine Value*

A

.5-1.1 mg/dl

29
Q

Chloride Value

A

98-106 mEq/dl

30
Q

BUN value

A

10-20 mg/dl

31
Q

Calcium Value

A

9-10.5 total

32
Q

What is a CXR? Implications?

A

Chest X-ray
Cost-effective way to identify disorders. X-ray absorbs dense objects and passes through less dense objects. Dense objects appear white and lesser dense objects appear black or light gray.

Is patient pregnant? Lie or stand still, hold breath. Remove Jewelry

33
Q

What is an EKG? Implications?

A

Electrocardiogram. Records electrical activity of heart on paper.

Evaluate meds
Remove Jewelry and some clothing

34
Q

Term for EKG used in healthcare setting?

A

Telemetry

35
Q

What is an ultrasound? Implications?

A

Uses soundwaves to create images of organs and structures inside the body. Less expensive than MRI and CT scan

Patient NPO?
Bladder Empty?
Fluids increased?
Remove Jewelry

36
Q

What is a CT scan? Implications?

A

Computed Tomography Scan
X-ray beam rotates around patient, takes detailed thin slice image of patient.

Evaluate medications
Claustrophobic?
Pregnant? Breastfeeding?
Remove Everything
Allergies: shellfish, latex, iodine, contract dye
37
Q

What is an MRI? Implications?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Uses pulsating radio waves in a magnetic field to produce an image of inside patient’s body.
2 types: open and closed

Remove all metal
Same as CT scan

38
Q

What is thoracentesis? Implications?

A

Needle into pleural space for removal of fluid.

Obtain informed consent
fasting/sedation not necessary
movement minimized
positioning

39
Q

What is paracentesis? Implications?

A

Needle or Catheter into peritoneal cavity for removal of ascetic fluid. Lose proteins

Obtain informed consent
fasting/sedation not necessary
measure abdominal girth, weight, VS
position

40
Q

What is a lumbar puncture? Implications?

A

Needle in subarachnoid space of spinal column for pressure measurement and to obtain CSF

Obtain Informed Consent
fasting/sedation not necessary
empty bladder/bowel
sharp pain down legs= spinal root has been touched
NO reclining/ lifting of head post procedure

41
Q

What is a Bone Marrow Biopsy? Implications?

A

Removal of Bone Marrow.

Prone, Supine, or Lateral Position
Obtain Informed Consent
May give sedation
Inform to stay still
Instruct to be on bedrest for 30-60 minutes after procedure

FUNDAMENTALS (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions