Urinary Tract

Question 1

What are the 3 regions of the Kidney?

Answer 1

Cortex, Medulla and Renal Pelvis

Question 2

How is the Glomerulus presented?

Answer 2

Tuft of fenestrated capillaries with Glomerular Basement Membrane

Question 3

What 3 main structures are found in the JGA?

Answer 3

1) Afferent Arteriole:
2) Granular Cells: Both sense BP and secrete renin
3) Macula Densa (DCT) sense NaCl concentration

Question 4

What are the main features of the PCT? (3)

Answer 4

1) Lined by cuboidal epithelium
2) Lots of mitochondria
3) Brush border of MV on luminal surface

Question 5

How do the Loop of Henlé epithelia differ?

Answer 5

Thin Areas: Simple Squamous

Thick Areas: Low Cuboidal

Question 6

What are 3 features of DCT and its role?

Answer 6

1) No MV in epithelial cells
2) Low Cuboidal Epithelium 3) Abundant Mitochondria
Regulates acid-base balance

Question 7

Which cell in CD is responsive to hormones?

Answer 7

Principal Cell: Aldosterone and ADH

Intercalated: Exchange H+ and HCO3-

Question 8

What is the main property of urothelium and another specialised effect?

Answer 8

P: Stretches in 3 dimensions (Change thickness and area) but vol stays the same
E: Urine proof

Question 9

What are the muscular layers of ureters and what is it missing?

Answer 9

Inner: Longitudinal Outer: Circular

Doesn’t contain a serosa

Question 10

Which urethra is longer?

Answer 10

Male (20cm)