Cell Ultrastructure

Question 1

What is the most common stain and what colour?

Answer 1

H&E, stains cell nuclei blue and cytoplasm pink (Extracellular also pink)

Question 2

What are the 4 other stains used?

Answer 2

1) PAS: Sugars (Magenta) 2) Van Gieson: Elastic (brown) 3) Alciun Blue: Mucin 4) Trichrome (3 types)

Question 3

Why do size of cells vary?

Answer 3

Different functions: Small cells need to move body to complete function e.g. large nuc by little cyt

Question 4

What are 4 shapes of cells type

Answer 4

1) Round (BC) 2)Polygonal (irreg)

3) Fusiform (Smooth musc) 4)Squamous: Thin plate

Question 5

What are cell types that involve height and width?

Answer 5

1) Cuboidal: As tall as wide

2) Columnar: Taller than wide

Question 6

Function of Nucleus:

Bonus: Nucleolus

Answer 6

Brain of cell, Double NM, Houses DNA

Nucleolus: Site of Ribosomal RNA formation

Question 7

2 types of chromatin difference

Answer 7

1) Euchromatin: Lighter

2) Heterochromatin: Darker

Question 8

How do activity of cells vary?

Answer 8

Smaller cells are dormant and metabolically inactive as less mitochondria and ER, and less nucleoli

Question 9

Which cells have whole life span (3)?

Answer 9

Nerves/brain, Cardiac Muscle, Germ cells

Question 10

Function of Mitochondria?

What is unique about DNA?

Answer 10

Site of Ox Phosph, (Own DNA), Double membrane

Question 11

Function of Mitochondrial Regions?

Answer 11

Out: Lip Synth FA Met Inn: Resp chain, ATP prod
Matrix: Krebs IMS: Nucleotide Phosph (ADP to ATP)

Question 12

Functions of each ER

Answer 12

1) Rough: Protein Synthesis

2) Smooth: Membrane Lipid Synthesis and proc synth prot

Question 13

Golgi Function?

Answer 13

Parallel stacks of membrane, process macromolecules

Question 14

Vesicles function?

Answer 14

Small spherical membrane bound org to transp, store and exchange cell membrane between compartments

Question 15

Lysosome function?

Answer 15

(Derived from Golgi) Acid hydrolases to degrade proteins

Question 16

3 types of filaments/tubules in Cytoskeleton?

Answer 16

1) Microfil: 5nm diameter (actin)
2) Intermedfil: 10nm d, 6 proteins, spread tens force through tissue
3) MicroTub: 25nm diameter, tub proteins, ALL cells except erythrocytes

Question 17

3 types of Storage products

Answer 17

1) Lipofuscin
2) Lipid: Non membrane bound vac
3) Glycogen (CHO Polymer in cytoplasm)

Question 18

3 components of tissues?

Answer 18

1) Cells
2) Interstitial Fluid
3) Extracellular material

Question 19

What happens to nucleus if a cell dies?

Answer 19

The nucleus will be broken down and resorbed

Question 20

What does an enlarged nuclei of a cell represent?

Answer 20

Cell becoming more metabolically active (nucleolus synth protein) and better differentiated.

Question 21

How can you tell if a cell is metabolically active or inactive?

Answer 21

If cell is metabolically active, will be able to see a greater degree of cell infrastructure,