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Histology > Urinary System(handout based) > Flashcards

Urinary System(handout based) Flashcards

0
Q

Longitudinal elevation of mesoderm

A

Urogenital ridge

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1
Q

When does the development of urinary system begins?

A
  • before genital system
  • 4th week
  • intermediate mesoderm
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2
Q

What forms the urinary system?

A

Nephrogenic cord/ridge

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3
Q

What forms the genital system?

A

Genital/gonadal ridge

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4
Q

Urinary system consists of

A

Kidney,Ureter,Bladder,Urethra

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5
Q

What are the three sets of excretory organs in embryo?

A

Pronephros,Mesonephros,Metanephros

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6
Q

Composed of seven to ten solid cell groups in cervical region.

A

Pronephros

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7
Q

What week does Pronephros develop? Does it degenerate?

A

Early in the 4th week

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8
Q

Pronephric ducts run _______ and open into the _________.

A

Caudally, cloaca

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9
Q

What week does Mesonephros develop? Does it regenerate?

A

End of 4th week, NO! Degenerates

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10
Q

In mesonephros, tubules open into the _______ to ________.

A

Mesonephric duct, cloaca

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11
Q

Mesonephric ducts turns into

A

Ducts of testis

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12
Q

Permanent kidney. In what week? When does it function?

A

Metanephros, 5th week, 9th week

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13
Q

Where do kidney and ureter originates?

A

Mesodermal

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14
Q

What sources did the kidney and ureter develop from?

A
  • metanephric mass of intermediate mesoderm( metanephric blastoma)
  • ureteric bud/metanephric diverticulum
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15
Q

Metanephric blastema forms what?

A

Nephron: Bowman’s capsule, PCT, Loop of Henle & DCT

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16
Q

Ureteric Bud forms what?

A

Stalk-ureter: renal pelvis, major & minor calyces, collecting tubules(1-3million)

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17
Q

Formation of bladder and urethra occurs when?

A

4th-7th week of development

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18
Q

In the formation of bladder, what divides the cloaca?

A

Urorectal septum

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19
Q

In the formation of urinary bladder and urethra, the cloaca is composed of?

A

Anorectal canal & Primitive urogenital sinus

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20
Q

Upper Urinary bladder originates from?

A

Urogenital sinus

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21
Q

Pelvic part of the Primitive UG sinus forms what?

A

Male: prostatic & membranous urethra
Female: urethra

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22
Q

Phallic part of the Primitive UG sinus forms what?

A

Male: penile urethra
Female: urethra

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23
Q

Congenital anomalies

A

Congenital cystic kidneys,renal agenesis,double & ectopic ureter,pelvic kidney,horseshoe kidney,urachal fistula,cyst & sinus

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24
Q

Regulation of body fluid and constancy of the internal environment

A

Kidney

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25
Q

Each kidney lobe consists of

A

Medullary pyramid & its associated cortex

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26
Q

Renal pyramids are separated by

A

Renal columns of of Bertini

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27
Q

A portion of the kidney containing those nephrons that are served by a common collecting duct

A

Renal lobule

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28
Q

The human kidney has about 4 million filtering units(functional unit of the kidney) called as

A

Nephron

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29
Q

The nephron consists of four parts

A

Renal corpuscle, PCT, thin & thick limbs of Henle and DCT

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30
Q

Capillary loops surrounded by an epithelial cover

A

Renal corpuscle

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31
Q

Surrounding capillaries of the renal glomerulus

A

Podocytes (bowman’s visceral epithelial cells)

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32
Q

What are the two branching of the podocyte processes?

A

Primary process & secondary process(pedicels)

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33
Q

Small spaces between adjacent processes are called

A

Filtration slits

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34
Q

Functional morphology of renal corpuscle has how many filtration barrier?

A

Three

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35
Q

Filtration barrier that restricts RBCs (450 kd)

A

Capillary endothelial pores

36
Q

Filtration barrier that restricts 240kd molecules but transmits 170kd molecules

A

Basement membrane

37
Q

Filtration barrier that restricts transmission of 40kd molecules to Bowman’s capsule

A

Slit pore

38
Q

Decrease in BP will stimulate what cell? at what site? And What will it release? (Three way question ang peg! Haha. Ampilitis )

A

Juxtaglomerular cells, nephron, renin release

39
Q

Lining epithelium of PCT?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with brush borders

40
Q

What does PCT reabsorbs?

A

Glucose, amino acid, 75% of H20 and NACL

41
Q

What happens at the thick Loop of Henle?

A

Active transport of NACL

42
Q

What happens at the thin Loop of Henle

A

NA and H20 diffusion

43
Q

Lining epithelium of the DCT?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium w/out brush borders

44
Q

What happens in the DCT?

A

Na reabsorption (aldosterone), H & K secretion

45
Q

What hormone is responsible for Na reabsorption?

A

Aldosterone

46
Q

What is the lining epithelium of the Collecting duct

A

Simple cuboidal & Simple columnar lining epithelium

47
Q

Principal & intercalated cells are found where?

A

Collecting duct

48
Q

Reabsorbs Na & H20, secrete K

A

Principal cells

49
Q

Secrete H, reabsorbs K & H2CO3

A

intercalated cells

50
Q

Granular variety of myoepithelioid cells in the wall of afferent arteriole. Replaces the typical smooth muscle cells of the tunica media of the artery.

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

51
Q

Where can you find JG cells

A

Afferent arteriole

52
Q

A decrease in afferent arterial volume secondary to low perfusion pressure results in the release of

A

Renin

53
Q

An enzyme that is released into the blood and acts upon blood proteins to produce a potent vasoconstrictor

A

Renin

54
Q

A potent vasoconstrictor that is stimulated by the release of renin. Elevates BP

A

Angiotensin

55
Q

Hypertension of renal origin can be cured by

A

Removal of the diseased/ischemic kidney

56
Q

Affects blood volume and osmolarity.

A

Renin

57
Q

Changes of blood volume and osmolarity may lead to the release of what hormone?

A

Aldosterone

58
Q

Where does aldosterone released from? And from what cell?

A

Adrenal cortex, cells of the zona glomerulosa

59
Q

Hormone that acts upon the renal tubules to enhance sodium reabsorption

A

Aldosterone

60
Q

A second system unrelated to kidney that regulates the volume and osmolarity of the extracellular fluid of the body

A

Hypothalamus, posterior lobe of the Pituitary, Neurohypophysis

61
Q

What type of collagen does the basement membrane of kidney contains?

A

Type IV collagen

62
Q

What are the main components of the ureter?

A
  • Inner layer of transitional epithelium
  • highly vascularized connective tissue
  • smooth muscle layer
  • outer layer of connective tissue
63
Q

The capacity of the epithelial cells to slide upon one another leads to

A

Reduce thickness of epithelium. As a result, the interior surface of the bladder increases

64
Q

Lining epithelium of spongy urethra

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

65
Q

Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium, surrounded by LCT sheath housing a rich vascular supply

A

Spongy urethra

66
Q

What envelops the entire urethra?

A

Erectile tissue of the corpus spongiosum

67
Q

This deliver the secretory product into the lumen of the urethra, lubricating its epithelial lining

A

Glands of Littre

68
Q

Ureter: LE, LP, ME & TA

A

Transitional, LCT/DCT, IL & OC, LCT

69
Q

Urinary bladder: LE, LP, ME & TA

A

Transitional, elastic/LCT, IL MC OL, Upper: TS Lower: TA

70
Q

Length of female urethra

A

2-4 cms

71
Q

Length of male urethra

A

10-20 cms

72
Q

LE of prostatic urethra

A

Transitional

73
Q

LE of membranous urethra

A

Pseudo/stratified columnar

74
Q

LE of Cavernous urethra

A

Pseudo/stratified columnar epithelium

75
Q

What can be found on the mucosa of the urethra?

A

Lacuna of morgagni & Littre’s gland(urethral glands)

76
Q

Lamina propia of urethra is composed of

A

Urethral glands

77
Q

LE of female urethra

A

Upper: transitional, Lower: Stratified Squamous

78
Q

Excretory organ: rudimentary, will degenerate & precursor

A

Pronephros

79
Q

Excretory duct: contains mesonephric/wolffian duct. 5th embryogenic stage, temporary excretory organ fate

A

Mesonephros

80
Q

What happens if metanephros become nonfunctional

A

Will not produce or develop urine

81
Q

Composed of renal corpuscles & tubules

A

Nephron

82
Q

Discontinuation of collecting tubules will lead to

A
  • Formation of cyst (polycyst:fluid)

- will not meet

83
Q

Anomaly: Kidney did not develop

A

Renal agenesis

84
Q

Anomaly: Formation of four ureters

A

Double & ectopic ureter

85
Q

Anomaly: Dislocation of kidney. Supposed to be in the lumbar part

A

Pelvic kidney

86
Q

Anomaly: Aromatic scent

A

Urachal fistula

87
Q

At what percent will the signs & symptoms of a nonfunctional kidney start to appear

A

70%

88
Q

UTI is more common in what gender

A

Female

Histology (28 decks)

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