Urinary System(handout based)

Question 0

Longitudinal elevation of mesoderm

Answer 0

Urogenital ridge

Question 1

When does the development of urinary system begins?

Answer 1

• before genital system
• 4th week
• intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

What forms the urinary system?

Answer 2

Nephrogenic cord/ridge

Question 3

What forms the genital system?

Answer 3

Genital/gonadal ridge

Question 4

Urinary system consists of

Answer 4

Kidney,Ureter,Bladder,Urethra

Question 5

What are the three sets of excretory organs in embryo?

Answer 5

Pronephros,Mesonephros,Metanephros

Question 6

Composed of seven to ten solid cell groups in cervical region.

Answer 6

Pronephros

Question 7

What week does Pronephros develop? Does it degenerate?

Answer 7

Early in the 4th week

Question 8

Pronephric ducts run _______ and open into the _________.

Answer 8

Caudally, cloaca

Question 9

What week does Mesonephros develop? Does it regenerate?

Answer 9

End of 4th week, NO! Degenerates

Question 10

In mesonephros, tubules open into the _______ to ________.

Answer 10

Mesonephric duct, cloaca

Question 11

Mesonephric ducts turns into

Answer 11

Ducts of testis

Question 12

Permanent kidney. In what week? When does it function?

Answer 12

Metanephros, 5th week, 9th week

Question 13

Where do kidney and ureter originates?

Answer 13

Mesodermal

Question 14

What sources did the kidney and ureter develop from?

Answer 14

• metanephric mass of intermediate mesoderm( metanephric blastoma)
• ureteric bud/metanephric diverticulum

Question 15

Metanephric blastema forms what?

Answer 15

Nephron: Bowman’s capsule, PCT, Loop of Henle & DCT

Question 16

Ureteric Bud forms what?

Answer 16

Stalk-ureter: renal pelvis, major & minor calyces, collecting tubules(1-3million)

Question 17

Formation of bladder and urethra occurs when?

Answer 17

4th-7th week of development

Question 18

In the formation of bladder, what divides the cloaca?

Answer 18

Urorectal septum

Question 19

In the formation of urinary bladder and urethra, the cloaca is composed of?

Answer 19

Anorectal canal & Primitive urogenital sinus

Question 20

Upper Urinary bladder originates from?

Answer 20

Urogenital sinus

Question 21

Pelvic part of the Primitive UG sinus forms what?

Answer 21

Male: prostatic & membranous urethra
Female: urethra

Question 22

Phallic part of the Primitive UG sinus forms what?

Answer 22

Male: penile urethra
Female: urethra

Question 23

Congenital anomalies

Answer 23

Congenital cystic kidneys,renal agenesis,double & ectopic ureter,pelvic kidney,horseshoe kidney,urachal fistula,cyst & sinus

Question 24

Regulation of body fluid and constancy of the internal environment

Answer 24

Kidney

Question 25

Each kidney lobe consists of

Answer 25

Medullary pyramid & its associated cortex

Question 26

Renal pyramids are separated by

Answer 26

Renal columns of of Bertini

Question 27

A portion of the kidney containing those nephrons that are served by a common collecting duct

Answer 27

Renal lobule

Question 28

The human kidney has about 4 million filtering units(functional unit of the kidney) called as

Answer 28

Nephron

Question 29

The nephron consists of four parts

Answer 29

Renal corpuscle, PCT, thin & thick limbs of Henle and DCT

Question 30

Capillary loops surrounded by an epithelial cover

Answer 30

Renal corpuscle

Question 31

Surrounding capillaries of the renal glomerulus

Answer 31

Podocytes (bowman's visceral epithelial cells)

Question 32

What are the two branching of the podocyte processes?

Answer 32

Primary process & secondary process(pedicels)

Question 33

Small spaces between adjacent processes are called

Answer 33

Filtration slits

Question 34

Functional morphology of renal corpuscle has how many filtration barrier?

Answer 34

Three

Question 35

Filtration barrier that restricts RBCs (450 kd)

Answer 35

Capillary endothelial pores

Question 36

Filtration barrier that restricts 240kd molecules but transmits 170kd molecules

Answer 36

Basement membrane

Question 37

Filtration barrier that restricts transmission of 40kd molecules to Bowman's capsule

Answer 37

Slit pore

Question 38

Decrease in BP will stimulate what cell? at what site? And What will it release? (Three way question ang peg! Haha. Ampilitis )

Answer 38

Juxtaglomerular cells, nephron, renin release

Question 39

Lining epithelium of PCT?

Answer 39

Simple cuboidal epithelium with brush borders

Question 40

What does PCT reabsorbs?

Answer 40

Glucose, amino acid, 75% of H20 and NACL

Question 41

What happens at the thick Loop of Henle?

Answer 41

Active transport of NACL

Question 42

What happens at the thin Loop of Henle

Answer 42

NA and H20 diffusion

Question 43

Lining epithelium of the DCT?

Answer 43

Simple cuboidal epithelium w/out brush borders

Question 44

What happens in the DCT?

Answer 44

Na reabsorption (aldosterone), H & K secretion

Question 45

What hormone is responsible for Na reabsorption?

Answer 45

Aldosterone

Question 46

What is the lining epithelium of the Collecting duct

Answer 46

Simple cuboidal & Simple columnar lining epithelium

Question 47

Principal & intercalated cells are found where?

Answer 47

Collecting duct

Question 48

Reabsorbs Na & H20, secrete K

Answer 48

Principal cells

Question 49

Secrete H, reabsorbs K & H2CO3

Answer 49

intercalated cells

Question 50

Granular variety of myoepithelioid cells in the wall of afferent arteriole. Replaces the typical smooth muscle cells of the tunica media of the artery.

Answer 50

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 51

Where can you find JG cells

Answer 51

Afferent arteriole

Question 52

A decrease in afferent arterial volume secondary to low perfusion pressure results in the release of

Answer 52

Renin

Question 53

An enzyme that is released into the blood and acts upon blood proteins to produce a potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 53

Renin

Question 54

A potent vasoconstrictor that is stimulated by the release of renin. Elevates BP

Answer 54

Angiotensin

Question 55

Hypertension of renal origin can be cured by

Answer 55

Removal of the diseased/ischemic kidney

Question 56

Affects blood volume and osmolarity.

Answer 56

Renin

Question 57

Changes of blood volume and osmolarity may lead to the release of what hormone?

Answer 57

Aldosterone

Question 58

Where does aldosterone released from? And from what cell?

Answer 58

Adrenal cortex, cells of the zona glomerulosa

Question 59

Hormone that acts upon the renal tubules to enhance sodium reabsorption

Answer 59

Aldosterone

Question 60

A second system unrelated to kidney that regulates the volume and osmolarity of the extracellular fluid of the body

Answer 60

Hypothalamus, posterior lobe of the Pituitary, Neurohypophysis

Question 61

What type of collagen does the basement membrane of kidney contains?

Answer 61

Type IV collagen

Question 62

What are the main components of the ureter?

Answer 62

- Inner layer of transitional epithelium - highly vascularized connective tissue - smooth muscle layer - outer layer of connective tissue

Question 63

The capacity of the epithelial cells to slide upon one another leads to

Answer 63

Reduce thickness of epithelium. As a result, the interior surface of the bladder increases

Question 64

Lining epithelium of spongy urethra

Answer 64

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 65

Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium, surrounded by LCT sheath housing a rich vascular supply

Answer 65

Spongy urethra

Question 66

What envelops the entire urethra?

Answer 66

Erectile tissue of the corpus spongiosum

Question 67

This deliver the secretory product into the lumen of the urethra, lubricating its epithelial lining

Answer 67

Glands of Littre

Question 68

Ureter: LE, LP, ME & TA

Answer 68

Transitional, LCT/DCT, IL & OC, LCT

Question 69

Urinary bladder: LE, LP, ME & TA

Answer 69

Transitional, elastic/LCT, IL MC OL, Upper: TS Lower: TA

Question 70

Length of female urethra

Answer 70

2-4 cms

Question 71

Length of male urethra

Answer 71

10-20 cms

Question 72

LE of prostatic urethra

Answer 72

Transitional

Question 73

LE of membranous urethra

Answer 73

Pseudo/stratified columnar

Question 74

LE of Cavernous urethra

Answer 74

Pseudo/stratified columnar epithelium

Question 75

What can be found on the mucosa of the urethra?

Answer 75

Lacuna of morgagni & Littre's gland(urethral glands)

Question 76

Lamina propia of urethra is composed of

Answer 76

Urethral glands

Question 77

LE of female urethra

Answer 77

Upper: transitional, Lower: Stratified Squamous

Question 78

Excretory organ: rudimentary, will degenerate & precursor

Answer 78

Pronephros

Question 79

Excretory duct: contains mesonephric/wolffian duct. 5th embryogenic stage, temporary excretory organ fate

Answer 79

Mesonephros

Question 80

What happens if metanephros become nonfunctional

Answer 80

Will not produce or develop urine

Question 81

Composed of renal corpuscles & tubules

Answer 81

Nephron

Question 82

Discontinuation of collecting tubules will lead to

Answer 82

- Formation of cyst (polycyst:fluid) | - will not meet

Question 83

Anomaly: Kidney did not develop

Answer 83

Renal agenesis

Question 84

Anomaly: Formation of four ureters

Answer 84

Double & ectopic ureter

Question 85

Anomaly: Dislocation of kidney. Supposed to be in the lumbar part

Answer 85

Pelvic kidney

Question 86

Anomaly: Aromatic scent

Answer 86

Urachal fistula

Question 87

At what percent will the signs & symptoms of a nonfunctional kidney start to appear

Answer 87

70%

Question 88

UTI is more common in what gender

Answer 88

Female