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Histology > Repro: Male > Flashcards

Repro: Male Flashcards

0
Q

For production of hormones and spermatozoa

A

Testes

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1
Q

Consists of testes, genital ducts, accessory gland and penis.

A

Male Reproductive System

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2
Q

Main male reproductive hormone. Important for spermatogenesis. Sexual differentiation during embryonic and fetal development. Control of gonadotropin secretion.

A

Testosterone

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3
Q

Male Reproductive Hormones

A

Testosterone& Dihydrotestosterone

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4
Q

Acts on many organs during puberty & adulthood

A

DHAT

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5
Q

Produce secretions. Nutrients for spermatozoa. Propel spermatozoa outside.

A

Genital ducts and accessory gland

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6
Q

Capsule of DCT that surrounds the testes. Thickened on the posterior side of the testes. Forms mediastinum of the testes.

A

Tunica albuginea

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7
Q

Occupied by one to four semineferous tubule

A

Lobules

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8
Q

Penetrate the organ and divides it into testicular lobules, _________.

A

Mediastinum testes. Pyramidal compartments.

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9
Q

Surrounded by interstitial LCT rich in blood & lymphatic vessels, nerves & endocrine interstitial cells of Leydig. Produce spermatozoa.

A

Semineferous tubules

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10
Q

Secrete testosterone and androgens

A

Leydig cells

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11
Q

Testes develop retroperitoneally in ________ of embryonic cavity. Suspended within two sides of scrotum at ends of _________. Carries with it a serous sac.

A

Dorsal wall. Spermatic cords.

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12
Q

Serous sac derived from peritoneum which consist if two layers.

A

Tunica vaginalis

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13
Q

Layer of tunica vaginalis that covers the tunica albuginea on anterior and lateral side

A

Inner visceral layer

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14
Q

Layer of tunica vaginalis that lines scrotum

A

Outer parietal layer

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15
Q

Important in the regulation of spermatogenesis

A

Temperature

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16
Q

Temperature: below core body temperature of ____. Testicular temperature of _____ maintained by ______.

A

37’C. 34’C. Scrotal sac.

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17
Q

Surrounds each testicular artery. With cooler blood from testes. Can draw heat from arterial blood by a ____________.

A

Pampiniform venous plexus. Countercurrent heat-exchange system.

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18
Q

Relaxation or Contraction of these moves testes away from/closer to the body

A

Dartos muscle(scrotum) & Cremaster muscle(spermatic cords)

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19
Q

Failure of descent of testes in scrotum. Maintains testes at core body temperature. Inhibits spermatogenesis.

A

Cryptorchidism

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20
Q

Produces sperm 2x10 to the 8th per day. Convoluted loop linked via __________ to the Rete testis. Has two types of cells.

A

Seminiferous tubules. Straight tubule.

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21
Q

Labyrinth of epithelium lined channels embedded in Mediastinum testes

A

Rete Testis

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22
Q

Short, narrow segment.

A

Straight tubule

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23
Q

Connect rete testis to head of epididymis

A

Efferent ductules

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24
Q

Seminiferous tubules are lined by

A

Complex stratified epithelium or Germinal/Seminiferous Epithelium

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25
Q

Flattened. Smooth muscle like cells. Allow weak contractions of the tubule.

A

Myoid cells

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26
Q

Basement membrane of Seminiferous tubule is covered by ________ w/ innermost layer _______.

A

Fibrous CT. Myoid cells.

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27
Q

Occurs in the CT of the seminiferous tubules

A

Interstitial cells

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28
Q

Nondividing cell. Produces inhibin.

A

Supporting/Sustentacular/Sertoli cells

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29
Q

Proliferative. Comprise 4-8 concentric cell layers. Produce cells that become sperm.

A

Spermatogenic lineage

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30
Q

Begins at puberty

A

Spermatogenesis

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31
Q

Spermatogenesis 1: primitive germ cell. Relatively small _____ cell. Located ______ in epithelium next to BM. different stages recognized by shape & staining properties of their nuclei.

A

Spermatogonium. Round. Basally.

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32
Q

Spermatogenesis 2: spermatogonia with ________ nuclei. Divides infrequently. Gives rise to SC & PC.

A

Stem cell. Dark ovoid.

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33
Q

Spermatogenesis 3: ______ staining ovoid nuclei and divide more rapidly.

A

Progenitor cell. Pale staining.

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34
Q

Spermatogenesis 4: undergo clonal divisions. Remains interconnected as a _________. Forms Type B Spermatogonia.

A

Type A Spermatogonia. Syncytium.

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35
Q

Spermatogenesis 5: formed by Type A Spermatogonia. Have more ______ nuclei. Undergoes final _______ division. Produce ________.

A

Type B Spermatogonia. Spherical. Mitotic. 1’ Spermatocyte.

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36
Q

Spermatogenesis 6: spherical, euchromatic nuclei, replicate their DNA, each chromosome consist of duplicate chromatids (_______) DNA=____, largest cells of spermatogenic lineage. Presence of partially condensed chromosomes.

A

Primary spermatocyte. Diploid. 4N.

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37
Q

Conversion from primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte

A

1st meiotic division

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38
Q

Spermatogenesis 7: 23 chromosomes, 2 chromatids, DNA= ___, rare, short-lived & remain in ________ only brief then enters ________.

A

2’ Spermatocyte. 2N. Interphase. Second meiotic division.

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39
Q

Spermatogenesis 8: due to conversion of 2’ Spermatocyte thru 2nd meiotic division. Haploid cells (2), 23 chromosomes. 1N= no ________ (DNA replication) occurs between 1st & 2nd meiotic division.

A

Spermatids. S phase.

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40
Q

Divides into progenitor cells & stem cells

A

Type A Spermatogonia

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41
Q

Remain as separate cells

A

Stem cells

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42
Q

Have increase cytokines __________. Cells attached to one another by Intercellular bridges of cytoplasm.

A

Progenitor cells. After telophase.

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43
Q

Cells remain linked through period of meiosis

A

Spermatogenic Syncytium

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44
Q

Allows free communication among cells derived from a single type A spermatogonia. Allows developing spermatid to share the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Coordinate division & differentiation.

A

Intercellular bridges of Cytoplasm

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45
Q

Final stage in sperm production. No cell division.

A

Spermiogenesis

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46
Q

In Spermiogenesis: spermatids transform in

A

Spermatozoa

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47
Q

In Spermiogenesis: highly specialized to deliver male DNA to the ovum. ______ size and _______ nuclei. Highly condensed chromatin. Located near the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.

A

Spermatozoa. Small. Haploid.

48
Q

In Spermiogenesis: includes formation of _______. Condensation & elongation of _________. Development of ________. Loss of much of the _________.

A

Acrosome. Nucleus. Flagellum. Cytoplasm.

49
Q

In Spermiogenesis: end result is

A

Mature spermatozoan

50
Q

Three phases of spermiogenesis

A

Early Golgi, Acrosome & Maturation Phases

51
Q

In Spermiogenesis: Cytoplasm of spermatids contains prominent golgi apparatus near the nucleus. With mitochodria, pair of centrioles, free ribosomes and tubules of smooth ER.

A

Early Golgi Phase

52
Q

In Spermiogenesis: accumulate in the GA. Coalesce to form a sungle membrane limited ___________.

A

Small proacrosomal vesicles. Acrosomal cap.

53
Q

In Spermiogenesis: migrate to a position near the cell surface and opposite the forming acrosome

A

Centrioles

54
Q

In Spermiogenesis: Acrosomal cap/Acrosome spreads to cover about half of the condensing nucleus. Nuclei become more elongated. Highly condensed chromatin. Histones of nucleosome replaced by protamines.

A

Acrosome phase

55
Q

In Spermiogenesis: Specialized type of lysosome which contains hydrolytic enzymes, hyaluronidase, neuraminidase, acid phosphatase & trypsin-like protease.

56
Q

In Spermiogenesis: enzymes relevant when sperm encounter an oocyte.

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

57
Q

In Spermiogenesis: trypsin like protease

58
Q

In Spermiogenesis: acrosome dissociate cells of corona radiata and digest the zona pellucida.

A

Acrosomal reaction

59
Q

In Spermiogenesis: Small basic peptides

A

Protamines

60
Q

In Spermiogenesis: thickened region. Continued growth of flagella & aggregation of mitochondria around proximal part where ATP for flagellar movement is generated.

A

Middle piece

61
Q

In Spermiogenesis: residual body, unneeded cytoplasm shed off and phagocytosed by _______.

A

Maturation phase. Sertoli cells.

62
Q

In Spermiogenesis: immotile spermatozoa & consequent fertility. Caused by lack of ______ or other proteins for ciliar & flagellar motility. Coincides with chronic _______ infections. Impaired motility of ciliary _______.

A

Immotile Cilia Syndrome. Dynein. Respiratory. Axonemes.

63
Q

Columnar/Pyramidal. Largely envelope cell of spermatogenic lineage. Supporting/Nurse cells. Bases adhere to _________. Apical ends extend to lumen of ____________. Support __________. Contains abundant SER, some RER, well developed Golgi complex and numerous mitochondria lysosomes.

A

Sertoli cells. Basal lamina. Seminiferous tubules. 30-50 germ cells.

64
Q

Sertoli cells has an ______ nucleus. Can be _______. Has infoldings, prominent nucleolus and very little heterochromatin.

A

Elongated. Triangular.

65
Q

Formed by elaborate tight occluding junctions between basolateral membranes of adjacent Sertoli cells. In seminiferous tubules epithelium. Tightest blood tissue barrier. Prevents autoimmune attack against unique spermatogenic cells.

A

Blood-Testis Barrier

66
Q

Lie on Basal compartment. Below junctions. Open to vascularized component (lymphocytes, APCS)

A

Spermatogonia

67
Q

For endocrine & exocrine secretion. Support, protection & nutrition of developing spermatogenic cells. And for phagocytosis.

A

Adluminal compartment

68
Q

Iron transport protein

A

Transferrin

69
Q

Concentrates testosterone to a level required for spermiogenesis. Promoted by FSH.

A

Androgen Binding Protein (ABP)

70
Q

Glycoprotein that suppresses the synthesis & release of FSH.

71
Q

Cause regression of embryonic Mullerian/Paramesonephric ducts.

A

Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS)

72
Q

Residual bodies

A

Phagocytosis

73
Q

Site of androgen production. Spaces between seminiferous tubules are filled with CT that contains mast cells, macrophages, nerves and fenestrated capillaries BV.

A

Interstitial tissue

74
Q

Promoted by LH/ICSH. Produces testosterone. Rounded/Polygonal. Central nuclei. Eosinophilic cytoplasm which is rich in small lipid droplets.

A

Leydig/Interstitial cell

75
Q

For development of secondary male characteristic. Synthesize by enzyme present in mitochondria & SER.

A

Testosterone

76
Q

Carry spermatozoa & liquid from straight tubules to ducts of epididymis. Form of loops, both ends joins rete testis by straight tubules. Gradual loss of spermatogenic cells.

A

Intratesticular Duct

77
Q

Interconnected network of channels lined with _________ epithelium. Channels are embedded w/in CT of mediastinum. Drains to efferent ductules.

A

Rete testis. Simple cuboidal.

78
Q

Components of the Intratesticular ducts

A

Rete Testis, Efferent ductules & Tubuli Recti (straight tubules) “RET”

79
Q

Lined by unusual epithelium w/ groups of nonciliated _______ cells alternating with groups of _________ cells. ________ appearance of epithelium. Empty into the ductus epididymis.

A

Efferent ductules. Cuboidal. Taller ciliated. Scalloped.

80
Q

Absorb most of the fluid

A

Non ciliated cells

81
Q

Transport sperm from epididymis to penis during ejaculation

A

Excretory Genital ducts

82
Q

Components of the Excretory Genital ducts

A

Ductus/Vas deferens, Urethra & Epididymis “ DUE”

83
Q

Singly high coiled tube. Forms the head, body and tail. Lies along superior & posterior sides of each testis where sperm are stored. Attain final characteristics including motility membrane receptors for ___________ proteins, maturation of ________ and ability to ________.

A

Duct of Epididymis. Zona pellucida. Acrosome. Fertilize.

84
Q

Lining epithelium of the epididymis is ______________ with round _______ & _______ cells w/ long ________ microvilli.

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium. Basal cells. Columnar. branched irregular.

85
Q

Absorb water . Participate in uptake & digestion of residual bodies. Peristaltic contractions move the sperm.

A

Epithelial cells

86
Q

Long branched irregular microvilli

A

Stereocilia

87
Q

Long straight tubule. Thick muscular wall that is continuous toward prostatic urethra & empties to its narrow lumen and a thick layer of SM. Mucosa is folded _________.

A

Ductus Deferens. Longitudinally.

88
Q

Lining epithelium of Ductus Deferens

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium w/ sparse Stereocili

89
Q

Lamina propia of Ductus Deferens is rich in _________. Has a very thick muscularis _________ longitudinal and _________ circular. Peristaltic contractions.

A

Elastic fibers. Inner & Outer. Middle.

90
Q

Ductus deferens forms a part of ___________. Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus and nerves.

A

Spermatic cord

91
Q

Ductus deferens dilates to form _______ after passing over UB. Epithelium is thicker & more extensively folded. At final portion, ________ join the duct.

A

Ampulla. Seminal vesicle.

92
Q

Ductus deferens enters ______ then to ________.

A

Prostate gland. Prostatic urethra.

93
Q

Segment entering the prostate

A

Ejaculatory duct

94
Q

Disappears beyond the ampulla

A

Muscle layers

95
Q

Produce secretions that are added to sperm during ejaculation.

A

Accessory glands

96
Q

Accessory glands components

A

Bulbourethral glands, Seminal vesicle & Prostate gland “BSP”

97
Q

Consist of highly turtuous tubes. Unusual mucosa has numerous thin, complex folds that fills most of the lumen.

A

Seminal vesicles

98
Q

Folds of the seminal vesicles lined with ______________ rich in ________ granules.

A

Simple/Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells. Secretory.

99
Q

Lamina propia of seminal vesicle contains _______ surrounded by SM with ________ circular & ________ longitudinal. Has an exocrine gland. Activity depend on levels of _________.

A

Elastic fibers. Inner. Outer. Testosterone.

100
Q

Produces a viscid, yellowish secretion containing fructose, citrate, inositol, prostaglandin, fibrinogen, enzyme & proteins. Make up ___% of the ejaculate provide nutrient energy sources. Coagulate semen after ejaculation affect activity of female reproductive tract.

A

Exocrine gland of the seminal vesicles. 70.

101
Q

Dense organ surrounding the urethra below UB. Collection of 30-50 __________ glands. Surrounded by a dense fibromuscular stroma covered by a ________.

A

Prostate. Branched tubuloalveolar glands. Capsule.

102
Q

Prostage gland is arranged in concentric layers around urethra. Inner layer of _______, intermediate layer of _______ & peripheral layer of _________. All empty in the _________.

A

Mucosal glands. Submucosal glands. Prostate’s main gland. Prostatic Urethra.

103
Q

Prostate gland has ______ zones.

104
Q

5% prostate volume. Surrounds prostatic urethra. Contains mucosal glands.

A

Transition zone

105
Q

25%. Contains submucosal glands with longer ducts.

A

Central zone

106
Q

70% contains main glands with longer ducts.

A

Peripheral zone

107
Q

Most common location of inflammation and cancer.

A

Main gland of prostate

108
Q

In Prostate, LE of tubuloalveolar glands is ______________. Produce __________ containing glycoprotein and enzyme. Surrounded by fibromuscular stroma and fibroelastic capsule. Structure function depends on level of _________.

A

Simple/Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium. Prostatic fluid. Testosterone.

109
Q

Small, spherical, calcified concretions. Lumen of prostatic glands. Contains deposited glycoproteins. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans known as __________.

A

Corpora amylacea/Prostatic concretions

110
Q

Located in urogenital diaphragm. Empty into proximal part of penile urethra. Has several lobules with tubuloalveolar secretory units.

A

Bulbourethral/Cowper’s gland

111
Q

Cowper’s gland is lined by ______________ dependent on testosterone. Septa between lobules contain SM cells. During erection, release a clear mucus like secretion containing small carbs. Coats plus lubricates urethral lining.

A

Mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium

112
Q

Three cylindrical mass of the penis

A

2 corpora cavernosa & corpus spongiosum

113
Q

Cylindrical mass that is ventrally located & surrounds urethra. Expands and forms ______.

A

Corpus spongiosum. Glans.

114
Q

Cylindrical mass placed dorsally

A

2 corpora cavernosa

115
Q

LE of Penile Urethra

A

Pseudostratified squamous epithelium

116
Q

Glands found in penile urethra which has small mucus secretion

A

Gland of Littre/Urethral glands

117
Q

Penis is covered by a retractile fold of thin skin with sebaceous glands

A

Prepuce/Foreskin

118
Q

Covered by tunica albuginea. Resistant layer of CT.

A

Corpora cavernosa.

Histology (28 decks)

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