Urinary System (Exam 4) Flashcards
What are the functions of the urinary system?
- Regulate: blood volume, composition, pressure, pH, osmolarity
- Produce hormones (erythropoietin)
- Synthesize glucose molecules
- Excrete waste and foreign substances
What 5 things does the urinary system regulate?
Blood volume Composition Pressure pH Osmolarity
What hormone does the urinary system produce?
erythropoietin
What molecule does the urinary system synthesize?
glucose molecules
Where are the kidneys positioned?
Retroperitoneal
Behind all digestive organs at rear of abdominal cavity
What is the purpose of the renal fascia?
To anchor the kidney in place
What are the four main components of the kidney external anatomy?
Renal fascia
Adipose capsule
Renal capsule
Renal hilum
What does the adipose capsule of the kidney do?
Provides padding and support of the kidneys
What does the renal capsule of the kidney do?
Provides padding and shape for the kidneys
What kind of tissue is the renal capsule made of?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What kind of tissue is the renal fascia made of?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What is the renal hilum?
The indent of kidney where renal artery, veins, and ureter meet the kidney
What is the nephron?
structure where filtration of urine occurs
Where are most of the blood vessels in the kidney concentrated at?
renal columns
Where in the kidney are the nephrons and collecting ducts concentrated at?
renal pyramids
What is the blood supply flow of the nephron?
Afferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries > Efferent arterioles > peritubular capillaries
What is contained in the glomerulus?
a network of capillaries
Blood flows into the glomerulus via the…
afferent arterioles
Blood flows out of the glomerulus via the…
efferent arterioles
What is the name of the capsule around the glomerulus?
Bowman’s capsule
What is the name of the tubule closest to the glomerular capsule?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What is the name of the tubule distal to the glomerular capsule?
Distal convoluted tubule
What is the purpose of the Loop of Henle?
to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney to help concentrate urine for excretion
What are peritubular capillaries?
capillaries outside of the Loop of Henle