Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
With Lugol’s, what color indicates full digestion?
Yellow or pale yellow
What is specific gravity?
density of a fluid compared to that of distilled water
With Lugol’s, what color indicates the presence of starch?
Dark Purple/Black *this color indicates that starch is present and not yet digested as enough time has not yet elapsed or nor amylase is present
What is VC and how is it calculated?
Vital Capacity IRV+TV+ERV
Average RV for males
1.2L
What organ does this belong to?
Duodenum
With biurets, what color indicates no proteins are present?
pale blue
What is IC and how is it calculated?
Inspiratory Capacity IRV+TV
What is TLC and how is it calculated?
Total Lung Capacity IRV+TV+ERV+RV
What was the indicator used for protein digestion?
Biurets
What are the three structures to ID in the kidney?
Glomerulus
Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule
Renal tubule
What were the four components in the tube for starch digestion?
Starch Lugols Amylase H2O
FVC less than 80% of predicted value points to…
restricted lung expansion
What are some examples of restricted lung expansion?
Pulmonary fibrosis Asbestosis Infant respiratory distress syndrome (lack of pulmonary surfactant) Acute respiratory distress syndrome
What are the two structures to ID in the Ovary?
Oocyte
Ovarian follicle
If FEV1%/FVC ratio is < 75%
there is an obstructive condition
What are the four types of urine sediments?
Crystals Cells Casts Mucus Threads
What is the big syringe for spirometry called?
Calibration syringe
How to calculate % of predicted FVC?
Observed FVC / Predicted FVC
What organ does this belong to?
Esophagus
How is IRV measured on a BIOPAC spirogram?
Take the peak of the TV wave that occurs before the big inhalation and go to the peak of the big inhalation. IRV is the big wave minus the TV wave.
What is IRV
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
What is considered the normal threshold for FEV1/FVC%?
75% *If less than 75%, then this is considered lower than normal 80% *If greater than 75%, then this is considered close to normal 80%
What was the indicator used for lipid digestion?
Bromothymal blue
What organ does this belong to?
Liver
What was the indicator used for carbohydrate digestion?
Lugol’s solution
What type of epithelium does the duodenum have?
Simple columnar epithelium
What is ERV?
Expiratory Reserve Volume
What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?
1.010 - 1.025
FEV1/FVC or FEV1 ratio
Exhaled air after 1 second/total exhaled air
With biurets, what color indicates presence of proteins?
Purple *this result could indicate that proteins have not yet digested or there is no pepsin present to digest the protein
What were the four components contained in the tube for lipid digestion?
Bile H2O Lipase Bromothylmal blue
What kind of epithelium does the kidney have?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the spirometry program called?
BIOPAC
Average RV for females
1.1L
What organ does this belong to?
Ovary
What organ does this belong to?
Kidney
What are the three structures to ID in the Liver?
Central Vein
Hepatocytes
Sinusoids
What is RV?
Residual Volume
large quantities of mucus threads in urine indicate…
infection, especially STIs
If FEV1%/FVC ratio is > 0.7, then
there is a restrictive condition
What are the two structures to ID in the uterus?
Endometrium
Myometrium
FVC greater than 80% of predicted value points to…
airway obstruction
What are some examples of airway obstruction?
Emphysema Asthma Bronchitis COPD - chronic bronchitis and emphysema
How is ERV measured on a BIOPAC spirogram?
Take the trough of the big exhale to the trough of the TV wave closest to the big inhalation. ERV is the difference between the two waves.
What is considered the normal threshold for the FVC ratio?
greater than 80% of the predicted value
What is TV?
Tidal Volume
What organ does this belong to?
Uterus
What is the thing used to measure specific gravity of urine?
urine hydrometer
How is TV measured on BIOPAC spirogram
Take the trough of a TV wave and go to the peak of that TV wave
With bromothymal blue, what color indicates alkaline and what color indicates acidic?
Blue indicates alkaline and yellow indicates acidic *Yellow = acidic = fatty ACID
With biurets, what color indicates digestion of protein?
lavender/pink indicates presence of shorter chain peptides, meaning protein was digested
What are the two structures to ID in the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans
Acini
With Lugol’s, what color indicates less presence of starch?
Lighter purple/gray *this color indicates that starch is in process of being digested
What kind of epithelium does the esophagus have?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What organ does this belong to?
Pancreas
What organ does this belong to?
Testis
What does the filter for spirometry look like?
a flying saucer
What are the three structures to ID in the testis?
Seminiferous tubules
Sperm (spermatozoa)
Leydig (interstitial) cells
What is the reactant, enzyme, and product of carbohydrate (starch) digestion?
Reactant - Carbohydrate (starch aka polysaccharides) Enzyme - Pancreatic and salivary amylase Product - simple sugars such as disaccharides and monosaccharides
What is the reactant, enzyme, and product (3) of lipid digestion?
Reactant - triglyceride Enzyme - Lipase Product - fatty acids, glycerol, and some monoglycerides
What is the thing that you hook on to the filter for spirometry?
Flow transducer
What were the four components in the tube for protein digestion?
Albumin Pepsin HCl H2O
What is FRC and how is it calculated?
Functional Residual Capacity ERV+RV
What is the reactant, enzyme, and product of protein digestion?
Reactant - protein (produced by chief cells of the stomach) Enzyme - pepsin Product - peptide or shorter chain peptides
