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A&P II > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal hemoglobin value for males

A

13-18 g/dL

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2
Q

Normal hemoglobin value for females

A

11.5-16 g/dL

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3
Q

Define hematocrit

A

the percentage of packed RBCs in a blood sample

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4
Q

What is the spinny thing?

A

a centrifuge or microcentrifuge

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5
Q

Formula for calculating hematocrit values

A

mm of packed RBCs/total mm of entire blood column

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6
Q

Normal hematocrit percentage range for males

A

39-54%

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7
Q

Normal hematocrit percentage range for females

A

35-48%

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8
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Segmented Neutrophils

A

50-65%

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9
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Band Neutrophils

A

0-5%

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10
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Normal Lymphocytes

A

15-40%

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11
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Atypical Lymphocytes

A

0-1%

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12
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Monocytes

A

0-10%

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13
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Eosinophils

A

0-5%

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14
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Basophils

A

0-2%

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15
Q

Segmented Neutrophils: High value suggests…

A

… bacterial infections.

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16
Q

Band Neutrophils: High value suggests…

A

… acute bacterial infections.

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17
Q

Normal Lymphocytes: High value suggest…

A

… viral infections.

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18
Q

Normal Lymphocytes: Low value suggests…

A

… AIDS.

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19
Q

Atypical Lymphocytes: Presence suggests…

A

… infectious mononucleosis.

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20
Q

Eosinophils: High value suggests…

A

… parasitic worms OR allergies.

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21
Q

When lymphocyte percentage is low…

A

… other WBC counts will seem high.

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22
Q

Atypical lymphocytes are transformed T-cells responding to…

A

… B-Lymphocytes that are infected with Epstein-Bar virus.

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23
Q

Segmented neutrophils are mature or new neutrophils?

A

mature

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24
Q

High eosinophils means

A

Parasitic worms or allergies

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25
Q

High band neutrophils means

A

acute bacterial infection

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26
Q

Presence of Atypical lymphocytes means

A

infectious mononucleosis

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27
Q

Low normal lymphocytes means

A

AIDS

28
Q

Other WBC counts seem high when

A

lymphocyte percentage is low

29
Q

Cardiac event that generates a P-Wave

A

atrial depolarization

30
Q

Cardiac event that generates the QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

31
Q

Cardiac event that generates a T-Wave

A

ventricular repolarization

32
Q

BIOPAC EKG Screen: What is Heart Rate (bpm) and where is it found on output?

A

Heart rate is beats per minute and the value is found in box on top of screen

33
Q

BIOPAC EKG Screen: What is R-R value?

A

The top of QRS complex (R value) 1 to the top of QRS complex (R value) 2.

34
Q

BIOPAC EKG Screen: What is Wave duration (delta T) and where is it found on output?

A

Wave duration is known as the delta T and measures the time between heartbeats (time elapsed between R-R). Value found in box on top of screen.

35
Q

What is an arrhythmia?

A

abnormal rhythm due to defect in conduction system

36
Q

Arrhythmias: define atrial flutter

A

rapid atrial contractions coupled with 2nd degree block

37
Q

Arrhythmias: define ventricular fibrillation

A

ventricles “quiver” and stop pumping; no defined waves on ECG

38
Q

Arrhythmias: define LQTS (Long QT Syndrome)

A

congenital disorder characterized by prolonged QT interval on ECG

39
Q

Pulse Rate =

A

Systolic BP - Diastolic BP

40
Q

Pulse Pressure =

A

Systolic BP - Diastolic BP

41
Q

Heart Rate =

A

Systolic BP - Diastolic BP

42
Q

BPM =

A

Systolic BP - Diastolic BP

43
Q

What is the hemoglobinometer?

A

Measures hemoglobin values. Has a screen and a plate to place blood droplets for readings.

44
Q

What is a pulse oximeter?

A

A pulse oximeter measures hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate. Has a screen and a finger sensor attached to it.

45
Q

What affects pulse oximeter readings?

A

dark nail polish

46
Q

What is the normal SpO2 range in healthy people?

A

95-100%

47
Q

What does an SpO2 below 92% indicate?

A

inadequate oxygen levels in the blood typically caused by respiratory distress.

48
Q

What piece of equipment is used to measure blood pressure?

A

A sphygmomanometer

49
Q

What is considered the normal range for blood pressure?

A

110-130 systolic (mmHg)/75-85 diastolic (mmHg)

50
Q

What piece of equipment are the “lubb-dupp” sounds associated with?

A

stethoscope

51
Q

What cardiac event is the “lubb” sound associated with?

A

“Lubb” (S1) is associated with the atrioventicular valves closing.

52
Q

What cardiac event is the “dupp” sound associated with?

A

“Dupp” (S2) is associated with the semilunar valves closing.

53
Q

Where can the radial artery be found?

A

medial portion of the wrist

54
Q

Which of the “lubb-dupp” sounds is louder and more prolonged?

A

lubb

55
Q

Which of the “lubb-dupp” sounds is shorter and sharper?

A

dupp

56
Q

Where should the diaphragm of the stethoscope be placed for auscultation?

A

the level of the fifth intercostal space

57
Q

define Blood Pressure

A

the pressure exerted by the blood as it pushes against the walls of the blood vessels

58
Q

In what type of vessel does blood pressure typically rise and fall as the heart contracts and relaxes?

A

Arteries

59
Q

Systolic blood pressure is the pressure measured at the moment…

A

… the ventricles contract.

60
Q

Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure measured at the moment…

A

… the ventricles relax.

61
Q

What is the layman name for the sphygmomanometer?

A

blood pressure cuff

62
Q

Describe Systolic BP as it relates to Korotkoff sounds

A

Systolic BP is the sound of blood squirting through the now partially opened artery due to the release of enough air pressure from the sphygmomanometer to allow flow

63
Q

Describe Diastolic BP as it relates to Korotkoff sounds

A

Diastolic BP is the lack of sound after the initial Korotkoff sound as blood is now able to flow freely without any turbulence caused by pressure from the sphygmomanometer

64
Q

Stroke Volume =

A

Pulse Pressure OR Pulse Rate OR Heart Rate OR BPM x 1.7

65
Q

Cardiac Output =

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate OR Pulse Rate OR Pulse Pressure OR BPM

A&P II (11 decks)

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