Urinary System (Ch. 26)

Question 1

Layers of the kidney (Deep to superficial)

Answer 1

Fibrous capsule
Perinephric fat
Renal Fascia

Question 2

Blood flow (beginning at renal artery)

Answer 2

segmented arteries -> interlobar arteries -> arcuate arteries -> interlobular arteries -> afferent arteries -> glomerulus capillaries
RSIAIA

Question 3

Blood flow (exiting the glomerulus capillaries)

Answer 3

efferent arterioles -> interlobular veins -> arcuate veins -> interlobar veins -> renal veins
EIAIR

Question 4

Number of nephrons in kidney

Answer 4

2 million

Question 5

Glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Answer 5

renal corpuscle

Question 6

Efferent and afferent arterioles

Answer 6

vascular pole

Question 7

Renal tubule

Answer 7

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
nephron loop
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 8

Filtrate exiting the papillary duct

Answer 8

Urine

Question 9

Cortical nephrons

Answer 9

85%, in cortex, short nephron loop

Question 10

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 10

15%, capsule near cortex/medulla border, long nephron loop (for water reabsorption)

Question 11

Filtration

Answer 11

leaves larger proteins and blood cells
-everything else is dumped out of blood

Question 12

reabsorption

Answer 12

take back useful organic material and ions
-99% of water returns to blood

Question 13

Capsule outer layer

Answer 13

parietal
- squamous cells continuous with the PCT
- folds back to form visceral layer

Question 14

visceral layer

Answer 14

epithelial layer of glomerular capillaries

Question 15

Mesangial cells

Answer 15

provide support for capillaries and regulate blood flow and filtration
-basement membrane

Question 16

Podocytes

Answer 16

visceral layer
-long cellular extensions (secondary processes) wrap around basal lamina
- gaps called filtration slits

Question 17

PCT

Answer 17

reabsorbs:
organic nutrients, plasma protein, 60% sodium and chlorine ions, water, other ions

Question 18

Loop of henle

Answer 18

descending: water re-enters bloodstream
ascending: ions out of tubular fluid, impermeable to water

Question 19

DCT

Answer 19

active secretion of ions and acids
- selective reabsorption
- reabsorb water
(aldosterone stimulates)