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Anatomy > Joints (Ch. 8) > Flashcards

Joints (Ch. 8) Flashcards

1
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable
- Fibrous (Suture/Gomphosis), Cartilaginous (Synchondrosis), Bony Fusion (Synostosis)

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2
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Semi-movable
- Fibrous (Syndesmosis), Cartilaginous (Symphysis)

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3
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Fully movable
- Synovial (Mono-/Bi-/Triaxial)

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4
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Synarthrosis
- Least moveable
- Fibrous tissue interconnect two bones
- sutures and gomphosis
Amphiarthrosis
- syndesmosis

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5
Q

Sutures

A

Found only in skull
Bones interlocked via sutured ligaments

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6
Q

Gomphosis

A

Between teeth and jaw bone
Periodontal ligaments of the teeth

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7
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

Synchondrosis
- rigid, immovable
- hyaline (first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and sternum)
Symphysis
- Bone separated by a wedge/pad of cartilage
- btwn pubic bones, intervertebral discs

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8
Q

Synostosis

A

-totally rigid, immovable
- 2 bones fuse and fill with osseous tissue

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9
Q

Synovial

A
  • freely movable
  • typically at the end of long bones
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10
Q

Synovial Joint Characteristics

A
  1. Joint capsule
  2. articular cartilage
  3. Joint cavity with synovial fluid
  4. Synovial membrane
  5. Accessory structures (cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bursae)
  6. Sensory nerves and blood vessels
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11
Q

Accessory Structures

A

Cartilage and Fat Pads
- menisci – forms channel for fluid to flow around joint– packing material
- fat pads
Ligaments
Tendons
Bursae

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12
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Joint cavity -> Synovial membrane -> synovial fluid
- lubricates articular cartilage: reduces friction
- nourishes chondrocytes
- acts as shock absorber

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13
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Angular motion in single plane - UNIAXIAL
- knees, elbow, ankle

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14
Q

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A

Round head of one bone rests in a cup-shaped depression in another - MULTIAXIAL
- shoulder, hip

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15
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from body

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16
Q

Adduction

A

moving towards body

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17
Q

Flexion

A

decrease the angle of the bones at a joint

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18
Q

Extension

A

increase the angle of the bones at a joint

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19
Q

Hyperextension

A

extending beyond the normal limits

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20
Q

Circumduction

A

making a circular motion

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21
Q

Rotation

A

Left + Right (head)
Medial + Lateral – internal + external (ankle)

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22
Q

Pronation

A

The hand in facing posterior in the anatomical position
- Ulna and Radius are crossed over

23
Q

Supination

A

The hand in anatomical position
- Ulna and Radius are parallel

24
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A

Condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
- hinge joint
Ligaments:
- Lateral Ligament
- Stylomandibular Ligament
- Sphenomandibular Ligament

25
Q

Lateral Ligament

A

Of the TMJ
- connects zygomatic arch to the mandibular condyle

26
Q

Stylomandibular Ligament

A

Of the TMJ
- connects the angle of the mandible to the styloid process

27
Q

Sphenomandibular Ligament

A

Of the TMJ
- connects the sphenoidal spine to the medial side of the ramus

28
Q

Zygapophysial Joints

A

Adjacent vertebrae articulate at their superior and inferior articular processes

29
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Fibrocartilage Joint (symphasis)
- pads of fibrous cartilage between between bodies of vertebrae
- Anulus fibrosus: outer layer
- Nucleus pulposus: inner layer

30
Q

Intervertebral Ligaments

A

Anterior/Posterior longitudinal ligament
- connects surfaces of the vertebral bodies
Supraspinous ligament
- connects tips of spinous processes
Ligamentum nuchae
- Supraspinous ligament from C7 to skull
Interspinous ligament
- spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
Ligamentum flavum
- connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae with the vertebral arch

31
Q

Sternoclavicular Ligament

A

Anterior/posterior - clavicle to manubrium

32
Q

Interclavicular ligament

A

Interconnects clavicles in the jugular notch area

33
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A

From clavicle to first rib

34
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity

35
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

covers the edge of the glenoid cavity

36
Q

Glenohumeral Ligament

A

Connects humerus to glenoid cavity

37
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments

A

Coraco-acromial ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament

38
Q

Elbow joint

A

Uniaxial, synovial hinge joint
Humero-ulnar joint
Humero-radial joint

39
Q

Radial collateral ligament

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radius

40
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna

41
Q

Annular ligament

A

head of the radius to the ulna

42
Q

Hip joint

A

Ball-and-socket joint
Articular capsule
- deep, strong, and dense
- lends itself to great stability

43
Q

Hip joint ligaments

A

Iliofemoral ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament

  • connect the femur to the acetabular rim
44
Q

Knee Joint

A

Tibiofemoral synovial hinge joint
Articular capsule
- extends from distal femur and proximal tibia (includes patella)

45
Q

Medial + Lateral menisci + Fad pads

A
  1. act as cushion
  2. conform shape to femur as position changes
  3. increase surface area of tibiofemoral joint
  4. provide lateral stability
46
Q

Tibial collateral ligament

A

(medial collateral ligament)
connects medial epicondyle of femur to the tibia

47
Q

Fibular collateral ligament

A

(lateral collateral ligament)
connects lateral epicondyle of femur to the fibula

48
Q

Popliteal ligaments

A

Connect femur to the heads of the tibia and fibula

49
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

(ACL)
connects tibia to the lateral edge of the intercondylar fossa of the femur

50
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

(PCL)
connects tibia to the medial edge of the intercondylar fossa of the femur

51
Q

Patellar ligament

A

connects tibial tuberosity to the patella
- extension of the rectus femoris tendon

52
Q

Quadricep tendon

A

passes over anterior surface of the patella
- patella is embedded in the tendon

53
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

All rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints
Damage to articular cartilages
Autoimmune disease

Anatomy (16 decks)

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