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Anatomy > Axial Division (CH. 6) > Flashcards

Axial Division (CH. 6) Flashcards

1
Q

Number of bones

A

206 in body
80 in axial
126 in appendicular

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2
Q

Axial skeletal system bone numbers

A

80 in total
- 29 in skull
- 25 in thoracic cage
- 26 in vertebral column

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3
Q

Functions of the axial skeleton

A
  1. support and protective framework
    - supports and protects organs in body cavities
  2. Houses and protects special sensory organs
    - taste, smell, hearing, balance, vision
  3. Provide extensive muscle attachments sites
    - vertebral column and ribs (head/neck/trunk posture)
    - thoracic cage (respiration movements)
    - stabilizes the appendicular skeleton
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4
Q

Skull

A

divided into 2 major sections:
Cranial division (neurocranium)
- 8 bones
Facial division (viscerocranium)
- 14 bones

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5
Q

Orbital complex

A

7 Bones:
Zygomatic bone, Maxillary bone, Frontal bone, Lacrimal bone, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Palatine bone (medial wall).

Optical canal, Superior orbital fissure

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6
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

INNERVATED BY CN III, IV, VI

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7
Q

Optic canal

A

INNERVATED BY CN II: special sensory nerve
Artery: ophthalmic artery

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8
Q

Sphenoid

A

Floor of cranium
- connects all cranium bones
- Sella turcica

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9
Q

Sella turcica

A

Part of Sphenoid where pituitary gland sits

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10
Q

Temporal bones

A

Only articulation with the mandible (temporomandibular joint - TMJ)
Protects sensory organs in internal ears

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11
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw
- TMJ – head of mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa on temporal bone
- Coronoid prosses and Condylar process

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12
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Air-filled chambers that open to the nasal cavity
- contained within the nasal complex
- Frontal sinus, Ethmoidal sinus, Sphenoindal sinus, Maxillary sinus

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13
Q

Cranial Fossae

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

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14
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A
  • frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid (lesser wings)
  • cradles frontal lobe
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15
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

Sphenoid, temporal, parietal bones
- cradles frontal lobe, diencephalon, mesencephalon

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16
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Occipital bone, frontal, parietal bones
- occipital lobes, cerebellum, posterior brain stem

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17
Q

Infant skull features

A
  • 4 major fontanelle areas:
    • anterior fontanelle (baby’s soft spot)
    • sphenoidal fontanelle
    • mastoidal fontanelle
    • posterior fontanelle
  • membranous areas where sutures will form
  • allow for distortions of the skull during childbirth
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18
Q

Sutures of the skull

A

Suture: dense fibrous connective tissue
Lambdoid, sagittal, coronal, squamous

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19
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

between occipital bone and 2 parietal bones

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20
Q

Sagittal suture

A

between 2 parietal bones

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21
Q

Coronal suture

A

Between frontal bone and 2 parietal bones

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22
Q

Squamous suture

A

Between temporal and parietal bone

23
Q

Bones of the cranium

A

Occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

24
Q

Bones of the face

A

Maxillae, Palatine, Nasal, Lacrimal, Zygomatic, Mandible, Vomer

25
Q

Maxillae

A

Largest bone in the face
- maxillary sinuses - largest sinuses
- articulates with all facial bones except mandible

26
Q

Palatine bones

A

2 small bones making up part of the roof of the mouth
- posterior to the palatine process in the maxilla
- articulates with: maxillae, sphenoid, ethmoid, and inferior nasal concha

27
Q

Nasal bones

A

articulate with the frontal bone

28
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Articulate the zygomatic process in the temporal bone – form zygomatic arch
- zygomaticofacial foramen

29
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Medial portion of the orbit of the eye
- lacrimal groove leads to the nasolacrimal canal

30
Q

Vomer

A

Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

30
Q

Vertebral Column Bones

A

26 bones:
24 vertebrae
- 7 cervical vertebrae
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- 5 lumbar vertebrae
1 sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)
1 coccyx (3-5 fused vertebrae)

31
Q

Vertebral Anatomy

A
  1. Vertebral body
  2. Pedicle
  3. Transverse Process
  4. Articular process
  5. Vertebral foramen
32
Q

Vertebral Body

A

Anterior structure
Separated by adjacent vertebral bodies via intervertebral disc

33
Q

Pedicle

A

Connect the vertebral arch to the body

34
Q

Articular process

A

Joint surfaces:
Superior articular process
Inferior articular process
(2 on either side of the spinous process)

35
Q

Vertebral foramen

A
  • formed by the vertebral/neural arch
  • spinal cord and meninges
36
Q

Vertebral canal

A

Formed by adjacent vertebral foramen

37
Q

Zygapophysial Joints

A

Adjacent vertebrae articulate at their superior and inferior articular processes
- allow flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation

38
Q

Intervertebral Joints

A

Intervertebral discs are pads of fibrous cartilage between adjacent vertebral bodies
- symphysis joints
- Anulus fibrosus - inner
- Nucleus pulposus - outer

39
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A
  • support weight of the head, provide flexibility
  • bifid except for C7
    • c7 has a long spinous process (vertebral prominens
  • Transverse foramina
  • C1, C2, C7 are atypical
40
Q

Atlas

A

C1
- articulates with occipital condyles of the skull
- allow yes nodding
- NO BODY
- largest vertebral foramen

41
Q

Axis

A

C2
- has a dens
- transverse ligament connects dens to the atlas
- allow head to nod no

42
Q

Antlanto-occipital Joint

A

1 of 2 atlas/axis joints
- synovial joint between occipital condyles and C1
- flexion of head

43
Q

Atlanto-axial Joint

A

synovial joint between atlas and axis
- allow head to turn side to side

44
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12
- rib articulation points
- joint surfaces: costovertebral joints
- heart shaped body
- most spinous process point inferiorly

45
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5
- Large vertebral bodies and oval shaped
- support weight of torso

46
Q

Sacrum

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae
  • protects reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs
  • attaches pelvis girdle of the appendicular skeleton
47
Q

Coccyx

A

3-5 fused vertebrae
- adult male = points anteriorly
- adult female = points inferiorly

48
Q

Thoracic cage

A

2 functions:
- protects heart, lungs, thymus, and other structures
- attachment site for muscles involved in respiration, positioning the vertebral column, movements of the pectoral girdle

Composed of:
the ribs, costal cartilages, sternum

49
Q

Sternum

A

Flat bone
Manubrium -> jugular notch
Body
Xiphoid process

50
Q

Ribs

A

12 pairs
- vertebrosternal rib- ribs 1-7
- vertebrochondral ribs- Ribs 8-10
- Vertebral ribs - Ribs 11-12

  • each rib articulates with a thoracic vertebra
51
Q

Vertebrosternal ribs

A

1-7
- connects to the sternum via costal cartilages -> “true ribs”

52
Q

Vertebral ribs

A

11-12
- floating ribs
- “false ribs’
- no anterior cartilage

Anatomy (16 decks)

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