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Anatomy > The Heart (Ch. 21) > Flashcards

The Heart (Ch. 21) Flashcards

1
Q

2 Circuits of the Circulatory System

A

Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits

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2
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Pulmonary arteries + veins
- To the lungs
- Carries CO2 rich blood to lungs to be oxygenated
- From Right side of the heart and carried back to the left side

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3
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Systemic arteries + veins
- To the rest of the body
- Carries oxygenated blood to body cells and returns deoxygenated
- From Left side of the heart and carried back to the right side

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Transport blood away from heart

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5
Q

Veins

A

Transport blood toward the heart

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6
Q

Capillaries

A

Blood vessels that interconnect arteries and veins

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7
Q

Vena Cava

A

Carries blood to the heart from the systemic circuit

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8
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Carries blood to the heart from the pulmonary circuit

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9
Q

Aorta

A

Carries blood from the heart to the systemic circuit

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10
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

Carries blood from the heart to the pulmonary circuit (lungs)

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11
Q

Pericardium Sac

A

3 layers:
Serous pericardium (2 layers):
Visceral layer - epicardium, closest to the heart
Pericardial Cavity - contains pericardial fluid
Parietal Layer - fuse with fibrous layer (attach to diaphragm)
+
Fibrous Pericardium
- fuse with parietal layer

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12
Q

Location of the Heart

A

Thoracic cavity -> mediastinum -> pericardium cavity

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13
Q

Heart Wall

A

3 layers:
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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14
Q

Epicardium

A

External surface, consists of visceral pericardium
- mesothelium, areolar tissue

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

(Myo- muscle, cardi- heart)
Consists of cardiac tissue, cardiac muscle cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves

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16
Q

Endocardium

A

Internal, endothelial surface (areolar tissue)

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17
Q

Intercalated Discs

A

-specialized cell-to-cell junction
-connect myofibrils of adjacent cells

18
Q

Desmosomes

A

-specialized cell-to-cell junction
- connect plasma membranes of adjacent cardiac cells

19
Q

Gap Junction

A

-connect cardiac muscle cells
-ions move directly -> create direct, electrical connection
-forms functional syncytium (function as one unit)

20
Q

Coronary Blood Vessels

A
  • supply cardiac muscle tissue via coronary circulation
    -originates from the ascending aorta
21
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Right Coronary Artery
- passes between right auricle and pulmonary trunk
- Atrial arteries, right marginal artery, Posterior interventricular artery
Left Coronary Artery
- circumflex artery (left marginal artery), anterior interventricular artery

22
Q

Coronary Veins

A

-Great coronary vein (posterior coronary vein)
-Middle coronary artery (parallels interventricular artery)
- Coronary sinus (drains into posterior aspect of right atrium)
- Small cardiac vein (parallels right coronary artery)

23
Q

Trabeculae Carnae

A

Muscular ridges

24
Q

Interatrial Septum

A

separates right and left atrium

25
Q

Interventricular Septum

A

separates right and left ventricle

26
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

-1 heartbeat
= atria contract while ventricles relax + ventricles contract while atria relax
- contraction - systole
- relaxation - diastole

27
Q

Heart Valves

A

2 between atria and ventricles
- Atrioventricular (AV) valves:
- Tricuspid valve (RA - RV)
- Bicuspid valve (mitral valve) (LA - LV)
Ventricles and outflow vessels
- Semilunar valves
- Pulmonary Valve (RV - pulmonary artery)
- Aortic valve (LV - aorta)

28
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Cusps (2/3)-> Chordae tendineae-> Papillary muscles
Tricuspid = 3 cusps, 3 papillary muscles
Bicuspid = 2 cusps, 2 papillary muscles

29
Q

Semilunar Valves

A

prevent backflow into ventricles
- 3 cusps, half moon shape
-

30
Q

Heart Sounds

A

Lub: AV valves
Dub: Aortic/Pulmonary valves

31
Q

Nodal Cells

A

Sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes
- rate of contraction
- cell membranes automatically depolarize

32
Q

Conducting Cells

A
  • distribute contractile stimulus to myocardium
33
Q

SA node

A
  • posterior wall of right atrium
    “cardiac pacemaker”
  • pacemaker cells- generate 80-100 action potentials a minute
34
Q

Bradycardia

A

slower-than-normal heart rate

35
Q

Tachycardia

A

faster-than-normal heart rate

36
Q

AV node

A

sits on the floor of right atrium

37
Q

Right Atrium

A
  • recieves oxygen poor blood via superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
  • auricle, interatrial septum, SA node (posterior wall), AV node (floor)
38
Q

Right ventricle

A
  • receives oxygen poor blood from RA via right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
  • leaves through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk -> then right and left pulmonary arteries
  • moderator band
39
Q

Moderator band

A

Interventricular septum to ventricular wall (RV)
- prevents overexpansion of the thin walled right ventricle

40
Q

Left Atrium

A
  • receives oxygen rich blood from left and right pulmonary veins
  • passes through left atrioventricular valve into left ventricle
  • bicuspid valve or left AV valve (mitral valve)
41
Q

Left Ventricle

A
  • receives oxygen rich blood from LA, via left AV (bicuspid/mitral valve)
  • leaves via aortic valve (semilunar) to ascending aorta -> aortic arch -> descending aorta -> body

Anatomy (16 decks)

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