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Anatomy > Blood, Vessels, Lymphatic System (Ch. 20/22) > Flashcards

Blood, Vessels, Lymphatic System (Ch. 20/22) Flashcards

1
Q

Hypovolemic

A

low blood volumes

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1
Q

Hypervolemic

A

high blood volumes

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2
Q

Normovolemic

A

Normal blood volumes

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3
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

Blood components

A

Plasma + Formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes)

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5
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood cells
- biconcave disc, anucleated, lack cell organelles, hemoglobin
- basically just water and protein (66% + 33%)

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6
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in RBC

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7
Q

Leukocytes

A

Function in the immune system

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8
Q

Platelets

A

“thrombocytes”
- blood clotting (hemostasis), release chemicals/enzymes for clotting process
- clump together = platelet plug

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9
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Transport blood between lungs and heart
- shorter distance
- lower blood pressure = thinner walls

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10
Q

Systematic Circuit

A

Transport blood between heart and all other tissues
- longer distance
- higher blood pressure = thicker walls

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11
Q

3 layers of Blood Vessels Walls

A

Tunica intima - innermost
Tunica media - middle
Tunica externa/adventitia - outermost

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12
Q

Tunica Intima

A

innermost layer of blood vessel walls
- composed of endothelium
- thinnest layer

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13
Q

Tunica Media

A

middle layer of blood vessel walls
- composed of smooth muscle
- involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation
- thickest layer

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14
Q

Tunica Externa (Adventitia)

A

outermost layer of blood vessel walls
- fibers of adventitia anchor blood vessels

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15
Q

Arteries vs Veins - Walls

A

Arteries
- bumpy endothelium
- larger muscular layer (pump blood)
- internal elastic membrane between interna + media

16
Q

Arteries vs Veins

A

Arteries
- away from heart
- thicker walls
- more smooth muscles
- maintain circular shape
- pleated folds in endothelial lining
- thin elastic membranes in media and interna
Veins
- towards heart
- thinner walls
- less smooth muscles
- collapse when cut
- no pleated folds
- no elastic membranes
- one-way valves

17
Q

Elastic Arteries

A

Aorta, Brachiocephalic Trunk, Pulmonary Trunk
-Largest in diameter
-Elastic membranes in tunica interna/media
-tolerate pressure changes
-stretch and recoil during diastole = propel blood forward

18
Q

Muscular Arteries

A

Radial and Ulnar, External Carotid, Brachial, Femoral, Mesenteric
- medium-sized, thicker tunica media than elastic, predominantly smooth muscle
- diameter under control of autonomic nervous system
- able to vasoconstrict and vasodilate
-blood to organs and skeletal muscles

19
Q

Arterioles

A
  • smallest arteries
  • thin tunica interna, poorly defined tunica externa
  • media may have incorporated smooth muscle
  • control blood flow between arteries and capillaries
  • pressure controlled by changing luminal diameter of arterioles
20
Q

Capillaries

A
  • smallest vessels - one cell thick
  • delicate, lack tunica external and media
  • nutrient/waste transport between blood and tissue
  • 4 mechanisms for the passage of material across capillary walls
21
Q

4 mechanisms of material passage across capillary walls:

A
  1. Material can diffuse across the endothelial cells
  2. Material can diffuse through gaps between adjacent endothelial cells
  3. Material can diffuse through pores or gaps in fenestrated capillaries and sinusoids
  4. Material can move via vesicular transport
22
Q

3 Types of Capillaries

A
  1. Continuous
    - endothelial lining is complete
    - most common
    - controlled dilution
  2. Fenestrated
    - endothelial lining is not complete
    - pores in lining
  3. Sinusoids
    - “discontinuous capillaries”
    - endothelial lining is not complete
    - pores and large gaps in lining
23
Q

Capillary Beds

A

networks of capillaries
Thoroughfare- vessels connecting arterioles with venules
Precapillary Sphincters - guard entrance to capillaries
- contracting/relaxing smooth muscles control blood flow

24
Q

Venules

A

-smallest of veins
- collect blood from capillaries
- lack/thin tunica media

25
Q

Medium-sized veins

A
  • largest tunica externa
  • elastic fibers
  • sometimes one-way valves
  • alongside muscular arteries
26
Q

Large Veins

A
  • adventitia is thickest layer and contains some smooth muscle
  • thin intima and media
  • no valves
27
Q

Descending Aorta

A

Separated into Thoracic and Abdominal arteries
1. Thoracic
- Visceral branches- supply organs of chest
- Parietal branches- supply chest wall
2. Abdominal
- Celiac trunk
- Superior/Inferior mesenteric arteries
- Right/Left common iliac arteries (internal and external)

28
Q

Femoral Artery

A
  • external iliac arteries pass through abdominal wall and become femoral artery
  • then becomes popliteal -> anterior/posterior tibial arteries -> (PTA) fibular artery
    Deep femoral
  • supply medial and posterior thigh
29
Q

Azygus System

A

drain blood from thoracic wall (superior vena cava)

30
Q

Lymphatic System Functions

A
  • alternative route for hormones, nutrients, waste (some lipids absorbed in the digestive system are carried by the lymphatic system to the blood)
  • produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes and B cells
31
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A
  • thinner walls + are permeable
  • incomplete basal lamina
  • no identifiable tunics
  • valves just like most veins
32
Q

Thoracic Duct

A

-drains into left subclavian vein
- sack-like structure - cisterna chyli
- collects lymph from:
left: arm, torso, neck, head
abdomen
both legs

33
Q

Right Lymphatic Duct

A

drains into right subclavian vein
- drains lymph from
right: arm, neck, head, torso

34
Q

Lymphoid Organs

A
  1. Lymph nodes
    - cervical, axillary, popliteal, abdominal, inguinal, thoracic lymph nodes
  2. Thymus gland
  3. Spleen

Anatomy (16 decks)

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