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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

bringing food and liquids into the mouth

A

ingestion

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2
Q

chewing, swallowing, churning

A

mechanical digestion

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3
Q

digestive/enzymatic breakdown of food into nutrient form

A

chemical digestion

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4
Q

enzymes, acids, buffers

A

secretion

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5
Q

movement of nutrients from small intestine to the bloodstream

A

absorption

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6
Q

involving compaction (dehydration of organic waste) and defecation (excretion/removal of feces)

A

elimination

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7
Q

Oral cavity function

A

mechanical digestion, moistening, mixing w salivary secretions

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8
Q

pharynx function

A

muscular propulsion of materials into the esophagus

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9
Q

esophagus function

A

muscular tube that transport materials from pharynx to stomach

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10
Q

stomach function

A

chemical and mechanical digestion (acids/enzymes and muscular contractions)

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11
Q

small intestine function

A

enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions

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12
Q

large intestine function

A

dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials to prepare for elimination (last chance to absorb water)

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13
Q

mucous membrane that lines the inside of the digestive tract

A

mucosa

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14
Q

what cells type lines the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus

A

stratified nonkeratinized squamous (wear and tear, resist stress + abrasion)

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15
Q

what cell type lines the stomach, small intestine and large intestine

A

simple columnar (secretion and absorption)

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16
Q

layer of the mucosa containing blood vessels, nerves, smooth muscle and lymphatic vessels

A

lamina propria

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17
Q

muscularis mucosae

A

narrow band of smooth muscle at the border of the mucosa

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18
Q

muscle contraction the propels a bolus through the tract in a series of circular contractions behind the food

A

peristalsis

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19
Q

muscular contraction where material is churned and fragmented as it is propelled by peristaltic contractions

A

segmentation

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20
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

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21
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

covers organs

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22
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

organs that lie within the peritoneal cavity, surrounded by visceral peritoneum
ie. stomach, liver, jejunum, ileum

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23
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

organs covered by visceral peritoneum on anterior surface, lie outside of visceral peritoneum
ie. kidneys, ureter, abdominal aorta

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24
Q

secondary retroperitoneal organs

A

organs form as intraperitoneal but become retroperitoneal (during embryonic development as visceral peritoneum fuses with opposing parietal peritoneum)
ie. pancreas, duodenum

25
Q

fused double sheets of peritoneal (and their functions)

A

mesenteries
- stabilize organ position
- route of passage for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

26
Q

mesentery proper

A

sheet of mesentery that suspends small intestine (except duodenum)

27
Q

Lesser omentum

A

lies between stomach and liver

28
Q

greater omentum

A

from stomach and covers rest of abdominal organs on anterior surface
- w/thick layer of adipose
- energy reserve + insulation

29
Q

space between cheeks, lips, and gums

A

oral vestibule

30
Q

mastication

A

food moves between oral vestibule and occlusal surfaces of teeth
food is moistened w salivary secretions, processed mechanically

31
Q

tongue muscles that alter the shape of the tongue

A

intrinsic tongue muscles

32
Q

tongue muscles that affect the gross movement of the tongue

A

extrinsic tongue muscles

33
Q

teeth types and numbers:

A

4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars, 4-6 molars

34
Q

pharyngeal muscles that push bolus toward the esophagus

A

pharyngeal constrictors

35
Q

pharyngeal muscles that elevate the larynx

A

palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus

36
Q

pharyngeal muscles that raise the soft palate

A

palatal muscles

37
Q

esophagus passes through the ____________ and enters the abdominal cavity by passing through the _________ ________ of the diaphragm

A

mediastinum, esophageal hiatus

38
Q

esophageal wall is made of:

A

mucosa (stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelium)
submucosa (submucosal glands -> mucus)
muscularis externa (mixed skeletal and smooth muscle)

NO SEROSA LAYER

39
Q

Gastric folds

A

relaxed stomach= mucosa forms many muscular ridges
- expand folds for larger stomach

40
Q

smooth muscle layers of the stomach

A

circular, longitudinal, oblique

41
Q

lining of the stomach:
________ leads to _________ which produce _________

A

gastric pits, gastric glands, gastric juice

42
Q

produce alkaline mucus to protect stomach lining from autodigestion

A

mucous surface cells

43
Q

in gastric pit, produce protective mucus

A

mucous neck cells

44
Q

secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid

A

parietal cells

45
Q

facilitates absorption of vitamin B12 from small intestine into bloodstream

A

intrinsic factor

46
Q

kills microorganisms, denatures proteins, activates pepsinogen

A

hydrochloric acid

47
Q

secrete pepsinogen. in newborns secrete rennin and gastric lipase to digest milk

A

chief cells in the stomach

48
Q

converted to pepsin via hydrochloric acid to digest proteins

A

pepsinogen

49
Q

produce hormones

A

enteroendocrine cells

50
Q

secrete gastrin

A

G cells
- stimulates parietal and cheif cells

51
Q

receives chyme from stomach, digestive enzymes from pancreas, bile from the liver and gallbladder

A

duodenum (retroperitoneal)

52
Q

most of the digestion and absorption occurs here

A

jejunum (intraperitoneal)

53
Q

last place of digestion and absorption in small intestine here, empties into large intestine

A

ilium (intraperitoneal)

54
Q

Chyme is neutralized by ________ and _______ when it enters the small intestine from the stomach

A

alkaline secretions (pancreas)
alkaline mucus (brunner’s glands)

55
Q

3 regions of the large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum

56
Q

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colonic wall

A

teniae coli
-aid in peristalsis
-define the haustra

57
Q

sacs of fat attached to and extending from the large intestine

A

omental appendices

58
Q

last portion of the rectum

A

anal canal

Anatomy (16 decks)

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