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Medical Coding > Urinary System and Male Genital System > Flashcards

Urinary System and Male Genital System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Urea

A

Produced when foods are broken down in the body. Is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys

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2
Q

Bladder Neck

A

proximal opening of urethra

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3
Q

Nephrons

A

tiny filtering units in kidney remove urea from blood

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4
Q

Ureters

A

Muscular tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladders

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5
Q

Epididymis

A

coiled tube within scrotum connects the testicles to the vas deferens

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6
Q

Vas Deferens

A

muscular tube that transports semen from the epididymis into the pelvis and then connects to the posterity urethra

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7
Q

Scrotum

A

Holds testicles outside the body. Testicles need to be kept cooler than body temperature to create sperm.

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8
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

pair of tubular glands located behind the bladder and above the prostate gland. Provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm.

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9
Q

-cele

A

herniation or prolapse

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10
Q

cyst/o

A

filled sac or punch, cyst, bladder, urinary bladder

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11
Q

dys-

A

abnormal, painful, difficult

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12
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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13
Q

ex/o

A

away from, outside

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14
Q

hydr/o

A

water, fluid

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15
Q

-ia/sis

A

condition of

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16
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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17
Q

lith

A

calculus, stone

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18
Q

-lysis

A

separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction

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19
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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20
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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21
Q

orchi/o

A

testis

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22
Q

orrhaphy

A

surgical repair/suture

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23
Q

osche/o

A

scrotum

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24
Q

-oscopy

A

to examine through a scope

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25
Q

-stomy

A

indicates a surgical created artificial opening

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26
Q

-otomy

A

cutting into (incision)

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27
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation or suspension

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28
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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29
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

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30
Q

Renovascular Disease

A

Progressive condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the renal arteries or veins

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31
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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32
Q

Prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland

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33
Q

Ablation

A

Removal or destruction of a body part or tissue or it’s function Ablation is performed by surgical means, hormones drugs radio frequency, heat, cold chemical application or other methods

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34
Q

Abscess

A

Circumscribed collection of pus resulting from bacteria, frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation

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35
Q

Adhesion

A

Abnormal fibrous connection between two structures (soft tissue or bony structures) may occur as the result of surgery, infection or trauma

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36
Q

Allograft

A

Graft from one individual to another of the same species

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37
Q

Anomaly

A

Irregularity in the structure or position of an organ or tissue

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38
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgically created connection between ducts, blood vessels or bowel segments to allow flow from the one to the other

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39
Q

Anuria

A

Suppression, cessation or failure of the kidneys to secrete urine

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40
Q

Aspiration

A

Drawing fluid out by suction

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41
Q

Atony

A

Absence of normal muscle tone and strength

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42
Q

Atresia

A

Congenital closure or absence of a tubular organ or an opening to the body surface

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43
Q

Autograft

A

Tissue or organ transferred to a new position in the body of the same individual

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44
Q

Azoospermia

A

Failure of sperm development or the absence of sperm in semen; one of the most common factors in male infertility

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45
Q

Balanoposthitis

A

Inflammation and/or infection of the glans penis and prepuce

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46
Q

Blunt Dissection

A

Surgical separation of tissue layers by using an instrument without a cutting edge or by the fingers

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47
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Form of radiation therapy in which radioactive pellets or seeds are implanted directly into the tissue being treated to deliver their dose of radiation in a more directed fashion. Brachytherapy provides radiation to the prescribed body area while minimizing exposure to normal tissue.

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48
Q

Calculus

A

Abnormal, stone-like concretion of calcium, cholesterol, mineral salts or other substances forming in any part of the body

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49
Q

Carcinoma in Situ (CIS)

A

Malignancy arising from cells of the vessel, gland or oran of origin remaining confined to that site and has not invaded neighboring tissue

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50
Q

Chordee

A

Ventral (downward) curvature of the penis due to a fibrous band along the corpus spongiosum seen congenitally with hypospadias or a downward curvature seen on erection in disease conditions causing a lack of distensibility (ability to swell) in the tissue

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51
Q

Chronic Interstitial Cystitis

A

Persistently inflamed lesion of the bladder wall, usually accompanied by urinary frequency, pain, nocturia and distended bladder

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52
Q

Circumcise

A

Circular cutting around the penis to remove the prepuce or forskin

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53
Q

Conduit

A

Surgically created channel for the passage of fluids

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54
Q

Condyloma

A

Infectious tumor like growth caused by human papilloma virus with a branding connective tissue core and epithelial covering occurring on the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia

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55
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Surgical procedure using intense cold for ablation or treatment

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56
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder. Symptoms includes dysuria, frequency of urination, urgency and hematuria

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57
Q

Cystitis Cystica

A

Inflammation of the bladder characterized by the formation of multiple cysts

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58
Q

Cystocele

A

Herniation of the bladder into the vagina

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59
Q

Cystostomy

A

Formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the bladder

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60
Q

Cystotomy

A

Surgical incision into the urinary bladder or gallbladder

61
Q

Cutaneous

A

Relating to the skin

62
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of dead or contaminated tissue and foreign matter from a wound

63
Q

Dilation

A

Artificial increase in the diameter of an opening or lumen made by medication or by instrumentation

64
Q

Dissect

A

Cut apart or separate tissue for surgical purpose or for visual or microscopic study

65
Q

Diverticulum

A

Pouch or sac in the wall of an organ or canal

66
Q

Dysuria

A

Pain upon urination

67
Q

Electrocautery

A

Division or cutting of tissue using high frequency electrical current to produce heat, which destroys cells or ablates tissue

68
Q

Epididymis

A

Coiled tube on the back of the testis, the site of sperm maturation and storage and where spermatozoa are propelled into the vas deferens toward the ejaculatory duct by contraction of smooth muscle

69
Q

Epididymo-orchitis

A

Inflammation of the testes and epidiymis

70
Q

Epispadias

A

Male anomaly in which urethral opening is abnormally located on the dorsum of the penis appearing as a groove with no upper urethral wall covering

71
Q

Extenteration

A

Surgical removal of the entire contents of a body cavity such as the pelvis or orbit

72
Q

Extrophy of Bladder

A

Congenital anomaly occurring when the bladder everts itself or turns inside out through an absent part of the lower abdominal and anterior bladder walls with incomplete closure of the pubic bone

73
Q

Fascia

A

Fibrous sheet or band of tissue that envelops organs, muscles, and groupings of muscles

74
Q

Fibrosis

A

Formation of fibrous tissue as part of the restorative process

75
Q

Fistual

A

Abnormal tube like passage between two body cavities or organs or from an organ

76
Q

Fixate

A

Hold, secure or fasten in postion

77
Q

Flap

A

Mass of flesh and skin partially excised from it’s location but retaining it’s blood supply, moved to another site to repair adjacent or distant defects

78
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Radiology technique allowing visual examination of part of the body or a function of an organ using a device proecting an x-ray image on a screen

79
Q

Foley Catheter

A

Temporary indwelling urethral catheter held in place in the bladder by an inflated balloon containing fluid or air

80
Q

Foreign Body

A

Any object or substance found in an organ and tissue not belonging under normal circumstances

81
Q

Free Graft

A

Unattached piece of skin and tissue moved to another part of the body and sutured into place to repair a defect

82
Q

Fulguration

A

Destruction of living tissue using sparks from a high-frequency electric current

83
Q

Hematoma

A

Tumor like collection of fluid in some part of the body caused by a break in a blood vessel wall, usually as a result of trauma

84
Q

Hematospermia

A

Blood in the seminal fluid, often caused by inflammation of the prostate or seminal vesicles or prostate cancer, In primary hematospermia, the presence of blood in the seminal fluid is the only sympton

85
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine, which may present as gross visible blood or as the presence of red blood cells visible only under a microscope

86
Q

Homograft

A

Graft from one individual to another of the same species

87
Q

Horseshoe Kidnay

A

Congenital anomaly in which the kidneys are fused together at the lower end during fetal development resulting in one large horseshoe shaped kidney often associated with cardiovascular, central nervous system or genitourinary anomalies

88
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Distention of the kidney caused by an accumulation of urine because it cannot flow out due to an obstruction caused by conditions such as kidney stones or vesicoureteral reflux

89
Q

Hydroureter

A

Abnormal enlargement or distension of the ureter with water or urine caused by an obstruction

90
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Abnormal proliferation in the number of normal cells in regular tissue arrangement

91
Q

Hypertonicity

A

Excessive muscle tone and augmented resistance to normal muscle stretching

92
Q

Hypertrophic

A

Enlarged or overgrown from an increase in cell size of the affected tissue

93
Q

Hypospadias

A

A fairly common birth defect in males in which the meatus or urinary opening is abnormally positioned on the underside of the penile shaft or in the perineum. This requires early surgical correction

94
Q

Incontinence

A

Involuntary escape of urine

95
Q

Impotence

A

Psychosexual or organic dysfunction in which there is partial or complete failure to attain or maintain erection until completion of the sexual act

96
Q

Laceration

A

Tearing injury; a torn ragged edged wound

97
Q

Laser Surgery

A

Use of concentrated sharply defined light beams to cut, cauterize, coagulate, seal or vaporize tissue

98
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Destruction of calcified substances (for example stones/calculi) in the gallbladder or urinary system by fragmenting the concretion into small particles to be washed out. This may be done by surgical or noninvasive methods; such as focused sound waves or ultrasound

99
Q

Lumen

A

Space within an artery vein, intestine or tube

100
Q

Lysis

A

Destruction, breakdown, dissolution or decomposition of cells or substances by specific catalyzing agent

101
Q

Marsupialization

A

Creation of a pouch in surgical treatment of a cyst in which one wall is resected and the remaining cut edges are sutured to adjacent tissue creating an open pouch of the previously enclosed cyst

102
Q

Meatus

A

Opening or passage into the body

103
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Common, benign, viral skin infection usually self limiting appears as a gray or flesh colored umbilicated (dimpled or belly button shaped) lesion by itself or in groups and later becomes white with an expellable core or in groups and later becomes white with expellable core containing the replication bodies. It is often transmitted sexually in adults by autoinoculation or close contact in children.

104
Q

Nephrostomy

A

Placement of a stent, tube or catheter forming a passage from the exterior of the body into the renal pelvis or calyx, often for drainage of urine or an abscess, for exploration or calculus extraction

105
Q

Neurogenic Bladder

A

Dysfunctional bladder due to a central or peripheral nervous system lesion, may result in incontinence, residual urine retention, infection, stones, or renal failure

106
Q

Nocturnal Enuresis

A

Bed wetting

107
Q

Oligospermia

A

Insufficient production of sperm in semen, a common factor in male infertility

108
Q

Orchiectomy

A

Surgical removal of one or both testicles via a scrotal or groin inscision, indicated in cases of cancer, traumatic injury and sex reassignment surgery

109
Q

Patency

A

State of a tube like structure or conduit being open and ubobstructed

110
Q

Perforation

A

Hole in an object, organ or tissue or the act of punching or boring holes through a part

111
Q

Perineal

A

Pertaining to the pelvic floor area between the thighs; the diamond shaped area bordered by the public symphysis in front, the ischial tuberosities on the sides and the coccyx in the back

112
Q

Peritoneum

A

Strong, continuous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavity. The parietal peritoneum or the outer layer, is attached to the abdominopelvic walls and the visceral peritoneum or inner layer, surrounds the organs inside the abdominal cavity.

113
Q

Peyronies Disease

A

Development of the fibrotic hardened tissue or plaque in the cavernosal sheaths in the penis. This causes pain and severe chordee or curvature in the penis typically during erection

114
Q

Phimosis

A

Condition in which the foreskin is contracted and cannot be drawn back behind the glans penis

115
Q

Priapism

A

Persistent, painful erection lasting more than four hours and unrelated to sexual stimulation causing pain and tenderness

116
Q

Prepuce

A

Fold of penile skin covering the glans

117
Q

Prolapse

A

Falling, sliding or sinking of an organ from it’s normal location in the body

118
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Male gland surrounding the bladder neck and urethra that secretes a substance into the seminal fluid

119
Q

Puncture Aspriation

A

Use of a knife or needle to pierce a fluid filled cavity and then withdraw the fluid using a syringe or suction device

120
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Located behind the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominopelvic walls and forms a covering over the internal organs

121
Q

Scrotum

A

A double pouch that contains the testes and supports reproductive structures

122
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

Paired glands located at the base of the bladder in males, releases most fluid into semen through ducts joining with the vas deferens forming the ejaculatory ducts

123
Q

Skene’s Gland

A

Paraurethral ducts draining a group of female urethral glands into the vestibule

124
Q

Sound

A

Long, slender tool with a type of curved, flat probe at the end for dilating strictures or detecting foreign bodies

125
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

Structure of the male reproductive organs consisting of the ductus deferens, testicular artery, nerves and veins draining the testes

126
Q

Stent

A

Tube to provide support in a body cavity or lumen

127
Q

Stoma

A

Opening created in the abdominal wall from an internal organ or structure for diversion of waste elimination, drainage and access

128
Q

Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)

A

Involuntary escape of urine at times of minor stress against the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing or laughing

129
Q

Stricture

A

Narrowing of an anatomical structure

130
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue

A

Sheet or wide band of adipose (fat) and areolar connective tissue in two layers attached to the dermis

131
Q

Testes

A

Male gonadal paired glands located in the scrotum secreting testosterone and containing the seminiferous tubules where sperm is produced

132
Q

Thermotherapy

A

Therapeutic elevation of body temp between 107.6 and 113.0 degrees Fahrenheit

133
Q

Torsion of Testis

A

Twisting, turning or rotation of the testicle upon itseld, so as to compromise or cut off the blood supply

134
Q

Transprostatic Implant

A

A system that permanently retracts prostate tissue away from the urethra without cutting, heating, or removing prostate tissue. Used for the treatment of symptoms due to urinary outflow obstruction secondary to BPH

135
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular, smooth area of mucous membrane at the base of the bladder, located between the ureteric openings posteriorly and the urethral opening anteriorly

136
Q

Tumor

A

Pathologic swelling or enlargement; a neoplastic growth or uncontrolled, abnormal multiplication of cells

137
Q

Tunica Vaginalis

A

Serous membrane partially covers the testes formed by an outpocketing of the peritoneum when the testes descend

138
Q

Urachus

A

Embryonic tube connecting the urinary bladder to the umbilicus during development of the fetus, normally closes before birth, generally in the fourth or fifth month of gestation

139
Q

Urethra

A

Small tube lined with mucous membrane leading from the bladder to the exterior body

140
Q

Ureterocele

A

Saccular formation of the lower part of the ureter, protruding into the bladder

141
Q

Urethral Caruncle

A

Small, polyp like growth of a deep red color found in women on the mucous membrane of the urethral opening

142
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

Involuntary escape of urine coming from sudden uncontrollable impulses

143
Q

Urostomy

A

Creation of an opening to the abdominal surface to divert urine flow

144
Q

Vasculariztion

A

Surgically induced development or growth of vessels in a tissue; the process of blood vessel generation

145
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Duct that arises in the tail of the epididymis stores and carries sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra

146
Q

Vesical Fistula

A

Abnormal communication between the bladder and another structure

147
Q

Vesioureteral Reflux

A

Urine passage from the bladder back into the ureter and kidneys, can lead to bacterial infection and an increase in hydrostatic pressure, causing kidney damage

148
Q

ectomy

A

Resection, removal of organ by cutting

149
Q

lithotomy

A

incision of a duct to removal calculus

Medical Coding (19 decks)

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