Urinary System and Male Genital System Flashcards
Urea
Produced when foods are broken down in the body. Is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys
Bladder Neck
proximal opening of urethra
Nephrons
tiny filtering units in kidney remove urea from blood
Ureters
Muscular tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladders
Epididymis
coiled tube within scrotum connects the testicles to the vas deferens
Vas Deferens
muscular tube that transports semen from the epididymis into the pelvis and then connects to the posterity urethra
Scrotum
Holds testicles outside the body. Testicles need to be kept cooler than body temperature to create sperm.
Seminal Vesicles
pair of tubular glands located behind the bladder and above the prostate gland. Provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm.
-cele
herniation or prolapse
cyst/o
filled sac or punch, cyst, bladder, urinary bladder
dys-
abnormal, painful, difficult
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
ex/o
away from, outside
hydr/o
water, fluid
-ia/sis
condition of
-itis
inflammation
lith
calculus, stone
-lysis
separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction
nephr/o
kidney
-oma
tumor
orchi/o
testis
orrhaphy
surgical repair/suture
osche/o
scrotum
-oscopy
to examine through a scope
-stomy
indicates a surgical created artificial opening
-otomy
cutting into (incision)
-pexy
surgical fixation or suspension
pyel/o
renal pelvis
vesic/o
urinary bladder
Renovascular Disease
Progressive condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the renal arteries or veins
Cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
Prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
Ablation
Removal or destruction of a body part or tissue or it’s function Ablation is performed by surgical means, hormones drugs radio frequency, heat, cold chemical application or other methods
Abscess
Circumscribed collection of pus resulting from bacteria, frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation
Adhesion
Abnormal fibrous connection between two structures (soft tissue or bony structures) may occur as the result of surgery, infection or trauma
Allograft
Graft from one individual to another of the same species
Anomaly
Irregularity in the structure or position of an organ or tissue
Anastomosis
Surgically created connection between ducts, blood vessels or bowel segments to allow flow from the one to the other
Anuria
Suppression, cessation or failure of the kidneys to secrete urine
Aspiration
Drawing fluid out by suction
Atony
Absence of normal muscle tone and strength
Atresia
Congenital closure or absence of a tubular organ or an opening to the body surface
Autograft
Tissue or organ transferred to a new position in the body of the same individual
Azoospermia
Failure of sperm development or the absence of sperm in semen; one of the most common factors in male infertility
Balanoposthitis
Inflammation and/or infection of the glans penis and prepuce
Blunt Dissection
Surgical separation of tissue layers by using an instrument without a cutting edge or by the fingers
Brachytherapy
Form of radiation therapy in which radioactive pellets or seeds are implanted directly into the tissue being treated to deliver their dose of radiation in a more directed fashion. Brachytherapy provides radiation to the prescribed body area while minimizing exposure to normal tissue.
Calculus
Abnormal, stone-like concretion of calcium, cholesterol, mineral salts or other substances forming in any part of the body
Carcinoma in Situ (CIS)
Malignancy arising from cells of the vessel, gland or oran of origin remaining confined to that site and has not invaded neighboring tissue
Chordee
Ventral (downward) curvature of the penis due to a fibrous band along the corpus spongiosum seen congenitally with hypospadias or a downward curvature seen on erection in disease conditions causing a lack of distensibility (ability to swell) in the tissue
Chronic Interstitial Cystitis
Persistently inflamed lesion of the bladder wall, usually accompanied by urinary frequency, pain, nocturia and distended bladder
Circumcise
Circular cutting around the penis to remove the prepuce or forskin
Conduit
Surgically created channel for the passage of fluids
Condyloma
Infectious tumor like growth caused by human papilloma virus with a branding connective tissue core and epithelial covering occurring on the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia
Cryotherapy
Surgical procedure using intense cold for ablation or treatment
Cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder. Symptoms includes dysuria, frequency of urination, urgency and hematuria
Cystitis Cystica
Inflammation of the bladder characterized by the formation of multiple cysts
Cystocele
Herniation of the bladder into the vagina
Cystostomy
Formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the bladder
Cystotomy
Surgical incision into the urinary bladder or gallbladder
Cutaneous
Relating to the skin
Debridement
Removal of dead or contaminated tissue and foreign matter from a wound
Dilation
Artificial increase in the diameter of an opening or lumen made by medication or by instrumentation
Dissect
Cut apart or separate tissue for surgical purpose or for visual or microscopic study
Diverticulum
Pouch or sac in the wall of an organ or canal
Dysuria
Pain upon urination
Electrocautery
Division or cutting of tissue using high frequency electrical current to produce heat, which destroys cells or ablates tissue
Epididymis
Coiled tube on the back of the testis, the site of sperm maturation and storage and where spermatozoa are propelled into the vas deferens toward the ejaculatory duct by contraction of smooth muscle
Epididymo-orchitis
Inflammation of the testes and epidiymis
Epispadias
Male anomaly in which urethral opening is abnormally located on the dorsum of the penis appearing as a groove with no upper urethral wall covering
Extenteration
Surgical removal of the entire contents of a body cavity such as the pelvis or orbit
Extrophy of Bladder
Congenital anomaly occurring when the bladder everts itself or turns inside out through an absent part of the lower abdominal and anterior bladder walls with incomplete closure of the pubic bone
Fascia
Fibrous sheet or band of tissue that envelops organs, muscles, and groupings of muscles
Fibrosis
Formation of fibrous tissue as part of the restorative process
Fistual
Abnormal tube like passage between two body cavities or organs or from an organ
Fixate
Hold, secure or fasten in postion
Flap
Mass of flesh and skin partially excised from it’s location but retaining it’s blood supply, moved to another site to repair adjacent or distant defects
Fluoroscopy
Radiology technique allowing visual examination of part of the body or a function of an organ using a device proecting an x-ray image on a screen
Foley Catheter
Temporary indwelling urethral catheter held in place in the bladder by an inflated balloon containing fluid or air
Foreign Body
Any object or substance found in an organ and tissue not belonging under normal circumstances
Free Graft
Unattached piece of skin and tissue moved to another part of the body and sutured into place to repair a defect
Fulguration
Destruction of living tissue using sparks from a high-frequency electric current
Hematoma
Tumor like collection of fluid in some part of the body caused by a break in a blood vessel wall, usually as a result of trauma
Hematospermia
Blood in the seminal fluid, often caused by inflammation of the prostate or seminal vesicles or prostate cancer, In primary hematospermia, the presence of blood in the seminal fluid is the only sympton
Hematuria
Blood in the urine, which may present as gross visible blood or as the presence of red blood cells visible only under a microscope
Homograft
Graft from one individual to another of the same species
Horseshoe Kidnay
Congenital anomaly in which the kidneys are fused together at the lower end during fetal development resulting in one large horseshoe shaped kidney often associated with cardiovascular, central nervous system or genitourinary anomalies
Hydronephrosis
Distention of the kidney caused by an accumulation of urine because it cannot flow out due to an obstruction caused by conditions such as kidney stones or vesicoureteral reflux
Hydroureter
Abnormal enlargement or distension of the ureter with water or urine caused by an obstruction
Hyperplasia
Abnormal proliferation in the number of normal cells in regular tissue arrangement
Hypertonicity
Excessive muscle tone and augmented resistance to normal muscle stretching
Hypertrophic
Enlarged or overgrown from an increase in cell size of the affected tissue
Hypospadias
A fairly common birth defect in males in which the meatus or urinary opening is abnormally positioned on the underside of the penile shaft or in the perineum. This requires early surgical correction
Incontinence
Involuntary escape of urine
Impotence
Psychosexual or organic dysfunction in which there is partial or complete failure to attain or maintain erection until completion of the sexual act
Laceration
Tearing injury; a torn ragged edged wound
Laser Surgery
Use of concentrated sharply defined light beams to cut, cauterize, coagulate, seal or vaporize tissue
Lithotripsy
Destruction of calcified substances (for example stones/calculi) in the gallbladder or urinary system by fragmenting the concretion into small particles to be washed out. This may be done by surgical or noninvasive methods; such as focused sound waves or ultrasound
Lumen
Space within an artery vein, intestine or tube
Lysis
Destruction, breakdown, dissolution or decomposition of cells or substances by specific catalyzing agent
Marsupialization
Creation of a pouch in surgical treatment of a cyst in which one wall is resected and the remaining cut edges are sutured to adjacent tissue creating an open pouch of the previously enclosed cyst
Meatus
Opening or passage into the body
Molluscum Contagiosum
Common, benign, viral skin infection usually self limiting appears as a gray or flesh colored umbilicated (dimpled or belly button shaped) lesion by itself or in groups and later becomes white with an expellable core or in groups and later becomes white with expellable core containing the replication bodies. It is often transmitted sexually in adults by autoinoculation or close contact in children.
Nephrostomy
Placement of a stent, tube or catheter forming a passage from the exterior of the body into the renal pelvis or calyx, often for drainage of urine or an abscess, for exploration or calculus extraction
Neurogenic Bladder
Dysfunctional bladder due to a central or peripheral nervous system lesion, may result in incontinence, residual urine retention, infection, stones, or renal failure
Nocturnal Enuresis
Bed wetting
Oligospermia
Insufficient production of sperm in semen, a common factor in male infertility
Orchiectomy
Surgical removal of one or both testicles via a scrotal or groin inscision, indicated in cases of cancer, traumatic injury and sex reassignment surgery
Patency
State of a tube like structure or conduit being open and ubobstructed
Perforation
Hole in an object, organ or tissue or the act of punching or boring holes through a part
Perineal
Pertaining to the pelvic floor area between the thighs; the diamond shaped area bordered by the public symphysis in front, the ischial tuberosities on the sides and the coccyx in the back
Peritoneum
Strong, continuous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavity. The parietal peritoneum or the outer layer, is attached to the abdominopelvic walls and the visceral peritoneum or inner layer, surrounds the organs inside the abdominal cavity.
Peyronies Disease
Development of the fibrotic hardened tissue or plaque in the cavernosal sheaths in the penis. This causes pain and severe chordee or curvature in the penis typically during erection
Phimosis
Condition in which the foreskin is contracted and cannot be drawn back behind the glans penis
Priapism
Persistent, painful erection lasting more than four hours and unrelated to sexual stimulation causing pain and tenderness
Prepuce
Fold of penile skin covering the glans
Prolapse
Falling, sliding or sinking of an organ from it’s normal location in the body
Prostate Gland
Male gland surrounding the bladder neck and urethra that secretes a substance into the seminal fluid
Puncture Aspriation
Use of a knife or needle to pierce a fluid filled cavity and then withdraw the fluid using a syringe or suction device
Retroperitoneal
Located behind the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominopelvic walls and forms a covering over the internal organs
Scrotum
A double pouch that contains the testes and supports reproductive structures
Seminal Vesicles
Paired glands located at the base of the bladder in males, releases most fluid into semen through ducts joining with the vas deferens forming the ejaculatory ducts
Skene’s Gland
Paraurethral ducts draining a group of female urethral glands into the vestibule
Sound
Long, slender tool with a type of curved, flat probe at the end for dilating strictures or detecting foreign bodies
Spermatic Cord
Structure of the male reproductive organs consisting of the ductus deferens, testicular artery, nerves and veins draining the testes
Stent
Tube to provide support in a body cavity or lumen
Stoma
Opening created in the abdominal wall from an internal organ or structure for diversion of waste elimination, drainage and access
Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)
Involuntary escape of urine at times of minor stress against the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing or laughing
Stricture
Narrowing of an anatomical structure
Subcutaneous Tissue
Sheet or wide band of adipose (fat) and areolar connective tissue in two layers attached to the dermis
Testes
Male gonadal paired glands located in the scrotum secreting testosterone and containing the seminiferous tubules where sperm is produced
Thermotherapy
Therapeutic elevation of body temp between 107.6 and 113.0 degrees Fahrenheit
Torsion of Testis
Twisting, turning or rotation of the testicle upon itseld, so as to compromise or cut off the blood supply
Transprostatic Implant
A system that permanently retracts prostate tissue away from the urethra without cutting, heating, or removing prostate tissue. Used for the treatment of symptoms due to urinary outflow obstruction secondary to BPH
Trigone
Triangular, smooth area of mucous membrane at the base of the bladder, located between the ureteric openings posteriorly and the urethral opening anteriorly
Tumor
Pathologic swelling or enlargement; a neoplastic growth or uncontrolled, abnormal multiplication of cells
Tunica Vaginalis
Serous membrane partially covers the testes formed by an outpocketing of the peritoneum when the testes descend
Urachus
Embryonic tube connecting the urinary bladder to the umbilicus during development of the fetus, normally closes before birth, generally in the fourth or fifth month of gestation
Urethra
Small tube lined with mucous membrane leading from the bladder to the exterior body
Ureterocele
Saccular formation of the lower part of the ureter, protruding into the bladder
Urethral Caruncle
Small, polyp like growth of a deep red color found in women on the mucous membrane of the urethral opening
Urge Incontinence
Involuntary escape of urine coming from sudden uncontrollable impulses
Urostomy
Creation of an opening to the abdominal surface to divert urine flow
Vasculariztion
Surgically induced development or growth of vessels in a tissue; the process of blood vessel generation
Vas Deferens
Duct that arises in the tail of the epididymis stores and carries sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra
Vesical Fistula
Abnormal communication between the bladder and another structure
Vesioureteral Reflux
Urine passage from the bladder back into the ureter and kidneys, can lead to bacterial infection and an increase in hydrostatic pressure, causing kidney damage
ectomy
Resection, removal of organ by cutting
lithotomy
incision of a duct to removal calculus
