Digestive System Flashcards
Incisors
Four front teeth on top and bottom
Cuspids
Canines, two teeth on top and on bottom after incisors
Molars
Behind the canines
Pharynx
passageway for respiratory and digestive system located immediately behind the mouth
Esophagus
Tube from Pharynx that moves food into the stomach
Small Intestine
Divided into Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Large Intestine
Unabsorbed food is stored
Pancreas
Empties digestive fluid into duodenum and insulin into the bloodstream
Liver
detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth
Gallbladder
Reservoir for bile
Abdomin/o
abdomen, abdominal
An/o
anus
Appendic/o
appendix
-ase
enzyme
Bil/i
bile
Bucc/o
cheek
Cec/o
cecum
Celi/o
abdomen
-cele
hernia
Cheil/o
lip
-chezia
defecation
Chol/o, chol/o
bile, gall
choledoc/o
common bile duct
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
Cirrh/o
orange/yellow
Col/o, colon/o
large intestine, colon
Dent/i, dento/o, ordont/o
teeth
Dia-
Through, throughout, completely
Duoden/o
Duodenum
-ectasia, -ectasis
dilation, expansion, distension
emesis
vomiting
end/o, ent/o
within, inner containing
Enter/o
intenstine
Esophag/o
esophagus
Gastr/o
stomach
Gingiv/o
Gingivae, gums of the mouth
Gloss/o
tongue
Hepat/o
liver
Herni/o
rupture, protrusion of part of a structure through the tissues containing it
Ile/o
ileum
Jejun/o
jejunum
Labi/o
lips
Lapar/o
abdominal wall
Lingu/o
tongue
Lith
calculus, stone
-lysis
separation , loosening, dissolving, destrcution
or/o
mouth
-ostomy, -stomy
artificial or surgical creation of an opening
Pancreat/o
pancreas
-pepsia
digestion
Peritone/o
peritoneum
-phagia
eating, swalling
-plasty
plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction
Proct/o
rectum
Rect/o
rectum
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-scope, -scopy
action involving the use of an instrument for viewing
Sial/o
saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct
Sialaden/o
salivary gland
Sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
Splen/o
spleen
Stomat/o
mouth
-tomy
incision into, cutting
Uvul/o
uvula
Viscer/o
internal organs
Barrett’s Esophagus
Abnormal growth of stomach or intestinal cells at the distal end of the esophagus. Can develop from reflux.
Esphagitis
Inflammation of the lining of the esophagus can be caused from infections
Esophageal Varices
extremely dilated submucosal veins in the lower end of the esophagus caused by portal hypertension and cirrhosis of the liver and can bleed
Mallory-Weiss Tear
Tears in mucous membrane of the esophagus caused by vomiting or coughing
Hiatal Hernia
Anatomical abnormality in which part of the stomach protrudes or herniates through the opening of the diaphragm and up into the chest
Gastritis
acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach
Peptic Ulver Disease
sore or opening in the inner lining of the stomach or duodenum that develop when the intestine or stomach’s protective layer is broken down.
Hernias
Contents of the body bulge out of the area they are normally contained
Gastroenteritis
infection or irritation of the digestive tract caused by virus or bacteria
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
IBD inflammatory conditions of colon and small intestines
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammatory disorder limited to the colon. Ulcers line the colon
Crohn’s Disease
Chronic inflammatory process of the bowel
Diverticulosis Disease
Pockets or projections extend from the walls of the colon
Rectal Prolapse
Complete or Partial protrusion of bowel through anus
Hemorrhoids
enlarged varicose veins
Anal Fissure
Tears in anus
Anal fistulas
tiny channels that level because of infection
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of pancreas
Polyps
abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane
Vermilionectomy
Lip shave
Cheiloplasty
surgery of the lips
Vestibuloplasty
Restore alveolar ridge height
Alveolar Ridge
structure that lies directly behind the upper front teeth
Frenum
Fold or flap that supports or restricts the movement of a part or organ such as a band of tissue under your tongue or the one that attaches upper and lower lip to the gums
Glossectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of tongue
Palatopharyngoplasty
removal of elongated excessive tissues of the uvula, soft palate and pharynx
Palatoplasty
Surgical procedure to reconstruct the palace or roof of the mouth
Sialodochoplasty
inserting a hollow plastic silicone tube into he salivry duct
Esophagectomy
removal or all or part of the esophagus
Diverticula in the esphagus
sac like pouches
Endoscopy
Visualization of the digestive organs via the use of a flexible fiber optic tube of rigid instrument.
Transoral
Into the mouth
Transnasal
into the nose
Transendoscopic Balloon Dilation
Endoscope is passed through the esophagus and while viewing the stricture a tube with an inflatable balloon at it’s tip is passed through the endoscope and positioned at the narrowed section of the esophagus. The balloon is briefly inflated to enlarge the narrowed area.
Esophagogastrodurodenoscopy
Visualization of esophagus, stomach and proximal duodenum and jejunum
Nissen fundoplasty
mobilization of the fundus of the stomach which is then wrapped around the lower esophageal sphincter to correct reflux or hernia
Hiatal Hernia
a portion of the stomach in adjacent to the esophagus. Risk of strangulation
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
ERCP uses endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat problems of the binary and pancreatic ductal system
Gastrectomy
removal of all or part of the stomach
Gastric Intubaton
Pumping the stomach. Tube passed through nose or moth and lavage (pumping saline or warm water) performed, suctioning out the stomach contents
Tapering
gradual narrowing of a hollow organ such as the intestine
Colectomy
Removal of part of entire colon
Cecum
a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.
Gastric Emptying
radiologic exam to aid in diagnosing neoplasm, ulcer, obstruction and other diseases.
Computed tomographic colonoscopy
X-RAY machine linked to a computer. Virtual colonoscopy.
Cytology washing
spraying the surface of a tumor with a jet of water during endoscopy gently abrades the tumor surace
Capsule Endoscopy
patients swallows a capsule that encases a digital camera that produces images to diagnose gastroenterology diseases
Anastomosis
Surgical connection of two tubular structures
Anoscopy
Procedure that uses a scope to examine the anus
Bariatric Surgery
Gastric restrictive procedures for morbid obese decreases stomach functional size
Barium Enema
Radiographic contrast medium enhanced examination of the colon
Biliary
Gallbladder, bile or bile duct
Bypass
to go around
Calculus
Concretion of mineral salts also called a stone
Cholangiography
Radiographic recording of the bile ducts
Cholangiopancreatography
Radiographic recording of the biliary system and pancreas
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
Cholecystoentereostomy
Creation of a connection between the gallbladder and intestine
Cholecystography
Radiographic recording of the gallbladder
Colonoscopy
Endoscopic examination of the entire colon that may include part of the terminal ileum
Colostomy
Artificial opening between the colon and the abdominal wall
Congenital
Present at birth
Crohn’s Disease
Regional enteritis. A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Endoscopy
Inspection of body organs or cavities through an existing opening or through a small incission
Enterolysis
Releasing of adhesions of intestine
Epiglottidectomy
Excision of the covering of the larynx
Eventuation of intestines
Protrusion of the intestines through the abdominal wall
Evisceration
Pulling the viscera outside of the body through an incision
Exenteration
Major operation during which an organ and it’s adjacent structures are removed
Exstrophy
Condition in which an organ is turned inside out
Exteriorization
To expose an internal structure outside the body for observation surgery or experimentation such as creating a passage from the bladder to the abdominal wall
Fistula
Abnormal opening from one area to another area or outside the body
Fluroscopy
Procedure for viewing the interior of the body using x-rays and projecting the image onto a television screen
Fulguration
Use of electric current to destroy tissue
Fundoplasty
Repair of the bottom of an organ or muscle
Gastrointestinal
Pertaining to the stomach and the intestine
Gastroplasty
Operation of the stomach for repair or reconfiguration
Hepatography
Radiographic recording of the liver
Hernia
Organ or tissue protruding through the wall or cavity that usually contains it
Hypogastric
Lowest middle abdominal area
Ileostomy
Artificial opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall
Incarcerated
A constricted irreducible hernia that may cause obstruction of the oran contained within the hernia
Intussusception
Slipping of one part of intestine into another part
Jejunostomy
Artificial opening between the jejunum and the abdominal wall
Laparoscopy
Exploration of the abdomen and pelvic cavities using a scope placed through a small incision in the abdominal wall
Lavage
Washing out of an organ
Marsupialization
Surgical procedure that creates an exterior pouch from an internal abscess
Omentum
Peritoneal connection between the stomach and other internal organs
Peritoneoscopy
Visualization of the abdominal cavity using a scope placed through a small incision in the abdominal wall
Proctosigmoidscopy
Endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon and rectym
Reantocele
Herniation of the rectal wall through the posterior wall of the vagin
Reducible
Able to be correct d or put back into a normal postion
Sialolithotomy
Surgical removal of a stone located in the salivary gland or duct
Varices
varicose veins
Volvulus
Twisted section of the intestine
