Respiratory Systen Flashcards
1
Q
Allogeneic
A
Genetically different but obtained from the same species
2
Q
Alveoli (air sacs)
A
The primary units for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
3
Q
Apheresis
A
The withdrawal of blood from a donor’s body and the removal of one or more blood components - such as plasma, platelets, or white blood cells - and transfusion of the remaining blood back into the donor. Used to harvest stem cells.
4
Q
Autologous
A
Obtained from the patient
5
Q
Bone Marrow
A
The flexible its found in the center of many bones, primarily in the cancellous tissue of the ribs, vertebra sternum and bones of the pelvis.
6
Q
Bronchi
A
Bottom portion of the trachea that splits into airways to the right and left lung; the right is shorter and wider than the left.
7
Q
Carina
A
The ridge that separates the opening of the right and left main bronchi at their junction with the the trachea
8
Q
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A
Any group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which include emphysema, asthma, bronchitis and bronchiectasis
9
Q
Cilia
A
Microscopic filaments bathed in nasal mucus that cover the surface of the tissue in the nose.
10
Q
Concha Bullosa
A
Enlargement of the nasal turbinate
11
Q
Croup
A
A childhood disease usually caused by a viral infection that involves upper airway inflammation and obstruction. Croup is charaterized by a barking cough, difficulty breathing and laryngeal spasm.
12
Q
Diaphragm
A
The muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity
13
Q
Dacryocystorhinostomy
A
Surgical procedure that restores the flow of tears into the nose fro the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not function
14
Q
Decortication
A
Separating the pleura adhering to lungs to assist with the expansion of the lungs
15
Q
Direct Laryngoscopy
A
Use of an endoscope to look directly at the laryx
16
Q
Empyema
A
Accumulation of pus in the body cavity, especially the pleural space, pyothorax
17
Q
En Bloc
A
In total or in full; as a single piece
18
Q
Epiglottis
A
A leaf- shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea
19
Q
Glottis
A
The opening between the vocal chord
20
Q
Hemic
A
Pertaining to blood. Synonym: Hematic
21
Q
Hyoid Bone
A
A horseshoe shaped bone in the anterior middle of the neck. It is not part of the trachea and does not articulate with any other bone. It provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below and the epiglottis and pharynx behind
22
Q
Indirect Laryngoscopy
A
Use of mirrors with a rigid laryngoscope to view the larynx
23
Q
Instill
A
To introduce gradually
24
Q
Larynx
A
Voice Box. Enlarged, superior portion of the trachea that contains the vocal chords
25
Lungs
A cone shaped, spongy respiratory organ continued within the thorax (roots: pneum, pulm). The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes
26
Mediastinum
The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space
27
Pleura
A double layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura) root: Pluer/o
28
Pleural Space
The thing, fluid filled space between the two layers of the pleura and pleura cavity
29
Pneumonectomy
Removal of an entire lung (all lobes)
30
Pneumonolysis
A procedure that separates the chest wall from the lungs to permit collapse
31
Pneumothorax
Collapse of the lung
32
Pulmonary Function Tests
Tests done to assess breathing usually by spirometry
33
Trachea
Windpipe, Cartilaginous structure that carries air from the nasopharynx to the lungs via the bronchi
34
Turbinates
Superior middle and inferior bony structures found in each right and left nasal cavity to assist with air movement
35
Septum
Bony structure that separates the left nasal cavity from the right nasal cavity
36
Splenoportography
A method of using X-ray imaging to view the portal system via the spleen
37
Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)
Use of endoscope and video to perform diagnostic and surgical procedures on the thoracic cavity (chest cavity)
38
Vital Capacity
VC. The maximum volume of air that a person can exhale after maximum inhalation. The measure is used in diagnostic pulmonary testing.
39
Primary structures of Hemic System
Spleen and bone marrow
40
Function of Hemic System
Production of blood, including component essential in providing defense against foreign organisms or substances.
41
Spleen location and main function
Located left quadrant of the abdomen. Filter for blood.
42
Bone Marrow main function
It manufactures bone marrow stem cells and other substances, which in turn produce blood cells
43
Stem cells function
Stem cells provide new cells for the body as it grows, and replace specialised cells that are damaged or lost. They have two unique properties that enable them to do this: They can divide over and over again to produce new cells. As they divide, they can change into the other types of cell that make up the body.
44
Cryopreservation
Preserving stem cells in low temperatures until they are needed
45
Lymph Nodes
Located throughout body such as neck, under arms, groin, and filter the lymph fluid to remove harmful bacteria, viruses and other unknown foreign material.
46
Four organs in lymphatic system
spleen, tonsils, thymus gland, and Peyer's patches=
47
Thymus Gland
The thymus gland is a small organ behind the breastbone that plays an important function both in the immune system and endocrine system. Though the thymus begins to atrophy (decay) during puberty, its effect in "training" T lymphocytes to fight infections and even cancer lasts for a lifetime.
48
Peyer's patches
Groupings of lymphoid follicles in the mucus membrane that lines your small intestine. Peyer's patches play an important role in immune surveillance of materials within your digestive system
49
Tonsils
Immune tisse. Initial line of defense against inhaled or ingested pathogens
50
Acute
Sudden and short term infection
51
Acute Upper Respiratory Infections
An acute URI is a contagious infection of your upper respiratory tract. Your upper respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, pharynx, larynx, and bronchi. Without a doubt, the common cold is the most well-known URI. Other types of URIs include sinusitis, pharyngitis, epiglottitis, and tracheobronchitis. Infection can be viral or bacterial.
52
Laryngitis
An inflammation of the voice box from overuse, irritation, or infection.
A viral infection is the most common cause of laryngitis.
Laryngitis may last for a short time (acute) or be ongoing (chronic). The main symptoms are hoarseness and loss of voice.
Acute laryngitis usually resolves on its own. With chronic laryngitis, treatment is aimed at the underlying condition, such as heartburn or smoking.
53
Chronic conditions
Develops slowly, is persistent and lasts over 3 weeks.
54
Pansinusitis
All of the sinuses in the head become infected or inflamed.
55
Stridulous Croup
Laryngismus stridulous or false croup, is a sudden onset of spasmodic laryngeal closure with crowning inspiration (noisy breathing) There is no cough or fever and the respiration is normal between paroxysms
56
Respiratory syncytial virus
RSV. Leading cause of respiratory infection in children
57
Acute Bronchitis
Chest cold with cough
58
Pneumonia
infection in one or both lungs. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi cause it. The infection causes inflammation in the air sacs in your lungs, which are called alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe
59
Influenza
The flu, A common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups. Affects nose, throat, bronchi, and sometimes lungs.
60
Emphysema
air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones
61
Pneumoconiosis
Restrictive lung disease caused by inhalation of dust. Dust causes scarring of the lungs that cannot be reversed.
62
Pyothorax
Collection of pus between the lung and the lining of the lung often caused by lung infection that spreads outside of the lung to the pleural space.
63
Pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura cause by a lung infection
64
Pneumothorax
Collapse of the lung
65
Interstitial Lung Disease
ILD, refers to group of lung diseases affecting the interstitial (tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs) often the result of pulmonary fibrosis from exposure to contaminants like asbestos and is a chronic debilitating condition.
66
Pulmonary edema
A condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs.
Pulmonary edema is usually caused by a heart condition. Other causes include pneumonia, exposure to certain toxins and drugs, and being at high elevations.
67
Cystic fibrosis
An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system.
Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. It causes these fluids to become thick and sticky. They then plug up tubes, ducts, and passageways.
Symptoms vary and can include cough, repeated lung infections, inability to gain weight, and fatty stools.
Treatments may ease symptoms and reduce complications. Newborn screening helps with early diagnosis.
68
Thymic hyperplasia
abnormal growth of thymus gland
69
Thymoma
Benign or malignant tumor in thymus
70
Lymphoma
Cancer of lymphatic system
71
Lymphadenitis
Inflammation of a lymph node, often associated with bacterial disease
72
Lymphedema
The condition is caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system, part of the immune and circulatory systems. Lymphedema is most commonly caused by lymph node removal or damage due to cancer treatment.
73
Leukemia
cancer of the blood or bone marrow
74
Obliterative Services
entire mucosa of the sinus is removed
75
Non obliterative Services
Cavity preserved
76
Rhinotomy
Incision into nose to drain and incise abscess in nasal cavity or nasal septum
77
Rhinectomy
removal of cysts, polyps, or entire or part of the nose
78
Nasal polyps
A painless benign growth on the lining of the nose or sinuses.
Causes are chronic inflammation due to infection, allergies, drug sensitivity, or immune disorders.
Symptoms may include a runny nose, stuffiness, or post-nasal drip. In some cases, there may be no symptoms.
79
Rhinoplasty
Usually cosmetic surgery
80
Septoplasty
Deviated septum
81
Vestibular Stenosis
narrowing of the nasal inlet resulting in airway obstruction
82
Epistaxes
Nose bleeds. append RT or LT or 50 bilateral
83
Frontal Sinuses
Located above the eyes
84
Phagocytes
Eat and destroy bacteria, protozoa, cell debris and dust particles
85
Red Pulp
Red blood cell reservoir and contain phagocytes
86
White Pulp
Splenic nodules generates protective humoral antibodies
87
Biopsy
an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease.
88
Aspiration
means to draw in or out using a sucking motion. It has two meanings: Breathing in a foreign object (sucking food into the airway). A medical procedure that removes something from an area of the body. These substances can be air, body fluids, or bone fragments
89
VATS
Endoscopy of the thorax. Video Assisted Thoracoscopic surgery. Always includes diagnostic VATS.
90
Endoscopy
insertion of a long, thin tube directly into the body to observe an internal organ or tissue in detail. It can also be used to carry out other tasks including imaging and minor surgery. Endoscopes are minimally invasive and can be inserted into the openings of the body such as the mouth or anus
91
Thoracoscopy
s a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy, and/or resection of disease or masses within the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity
92
Thoracic cavity
s a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy, and/or resection of disease or masses within the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity
93
Deep Lymph Nodes
Under a layer of muscle or bone
94
Anerurysm
A ballooning and weakened area in an artery.
Aneurysms often occur in the aorta, brain, back of the knee, intestine, or spleen. A ruptured aneurysm can result in internal bleeding, stroke, and can sometimes be fatal.
95
Epistaxes
Nose bleeds. Append RT, LT or 50
96
Sinusotomy
Incisional procedures to drain blocked sinus
97
Obliterative Sinus Procedures
Entire mucosa of sinus removed and sinus back-filled with fat from patient
98
Dacryocystorhinostomy
Restores the flow of tears into the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not work
99
Concha bullosa
Enlargement of nasal turbinate; it may be resected to improv airflow
100
Maxillary antrostomy
making an opening in the maxillary sinuses (in cheek bones) to improve drainage.
101
Sphenoidotomy
Creation of an opening into the anterior (front) wall of the sphenoid sinus (behind the nose and eyes)
102
Decompression
Relieves pressure on the optic nerve or other structures of the eye to treat various optic neuropathies
103
Cervical Approach
via the neck. In Mediastinotomy it mean they cut into the mediastinum via the neck.
104
Thoracic Approach
Left side of the chest next to the breastbone in Mediastinotomy
105
Laryngectomy
Excision of larynx
106
Laryngotomy
incision into larynx to remove tumor
107
-ostomy
create an opening into the body
108
-otomy
cut into (incision)
109
-ectomy
surgical removal (excision)
110
-centesis
surgical puncture of a cavity or organ to remove fluid
111
Radical neck dissection
removal of larynx and lump nodes and may include surrounding areas to ensure cancerous tissue is removed
112
Pharyngolaryngectomy
Removal of pharynx and larynx
113
Arytenoidectomy
excision of laryngeal cartilage where vocal chords attach
114
Epiglottidectomy
excision of epiglottis
115
Emergency Endotracheal Intubation
Tube inserted into patients mouth into their trachea to maintain an open airway if the patient can not breath in an emergency situation
116
Tracheotomy
Incision through the neck into the trachea to allow the patient to breath
117
-oplasty
surgical repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction
118
-pnea
breathing
119
peri
surrounding
120
-oscopy
to view
121
-phonia
voice
122
rhin/o, nas/o
nose
123
bronch/o, bronchi
bonchus
124
pharyng/o
pharynx
125
trache/o
trachea
126
pleur/o
pleura
127
pulmon/o, pulm/o
lung
128
phren/o
diaphragm
129
pneum/o, pnemato/o
air, gas, lung, respiration
130
spir/o
breathing
131
Centesis
puncture to remove fluid
132
ectomy
surgical removal
133
ostomy
new permanent opening
134
otomy
cutting into
