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Medical Coding > Respiratory Systen > Flashcards

Respiratory Systen Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Allogeneic

A

Genetically different but obtained from the same species

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2
Q

Alveoli (air sacs)

A

The primary units for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.

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3
Q

Apheresis

A

The withdrawal of blood from a donor’s body and the removal of one or more blood components - such as plasma, platelets, or white blood cells - and transfusion of the remaining blood back into the donor. Used to harvest stem cells.

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4
Q

Autologous

A

Obtained from the patient

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5
Q

Bone Marrow

A

The flexible its found in the center of many bones, primarily in the cancellous tissue of the ribs, vertebra sternum and bones of the pelvis.

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6
Q

Bronchi

A

Bottom portion of the trachea that splits into airways to the right and left lung; the right is shorter and wider than the left.

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7
Q

Carina

A

The ridge that separates the opening of the right and left main bronchi at their junction with the the trachea

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8
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

Any group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which include emphysema, asthma, bronchitis and bronchiectasis

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9
Q

Cilia

A

Microscopic filaments bathed in nasal mucus that cover the surface of the tissue in the nose.

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10
Q

Concha Bullosa

A

Enlargement of the nasal turbinate

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11
Q

Croup

A

A childhood disease usually caused by a viral infection that involves upper airway inflammation and obstruction. Croup is charaterized by a barking cough, difficulty breathing and laryngeal spasm.

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12
Q

Diaphragm

A

The muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity

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13
Q

Dacryocystorhinostomy

A

Surgical procedure that restores the flow of tears into the nose fro the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not function

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14
Q

Decortication

A

Separating the pleura adhering to lungs to assist with the expansion of the lungs

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15
Q

Direct Laryngoscopy

A

Use of an endoscope to look directly at the laryx

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16
Q

Empyema

A

Accumulation of pus in the body cavity, especially the pleural space, pyothorax

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17
Q

En Bloc

A

In total or in full; as a single piece

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18
Q

Epiglottis

A

A leaf- shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

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19
Q

Glottis

A

The opening between the vocal chord

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20
Q

Hemic

A

Pertaining to blood. Synonym: Hematic

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21
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

A horseshoe shaped bone in the anterior middle of the neck. It is not part of the trachea and does not articulate with any other bone. It provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below and the epiglottis and pharynx behind

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22
Q

Indirect Laryngoscopy

A

Use of mirrors with a rigid laryngoscope to view the larynx

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23
Q

Instill

A

To introduce gradually

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24
Q

Larynx

A

Voice Box. Enlarged, superior portion of the trachea that contains the vocal chords

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25
Q

Lungs

A

A cone shaped, spongy respiratory organ continued within the thorax (roots: pneum, pulm). The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes

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26
Q

Mediastinum

A

The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space

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27
Q

Pleura

A

A double layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura) root: Pluer/o

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28
Q

Pleural Space

A

The thing, fluid filled space between the two layers of the pleura and pleura cavity

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29
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Removal of an entire lung (all lobes)

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30
Q

Pneumonolysis

A

A procedure that separates the chest wall from the lungs to permit collapse

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31
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collapse of the lung

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32
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests

A

Tests done to assess breathing usually by spirometry

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33
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe, Cartilaginous structure that carries air from the nasopharynx to the lungs via the bronchi

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34
Q

Turbinates

A

Superior middle and inferior bony structures found in each right and left nasal cavity to assist with air movement

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35
Q

Septum

A

Bony structure that separates the left nasal cavity from the right nasal cavity

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36
Q

Splenoportography

A

A method of using X-ray imaging to view the portal system via the spleen

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37
Q

Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)

A

Use of endoscope and video to perform diagnostic and surgical procedures on the thoracic cavity (chest cavity)

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38
Q

Vital Capacity

A

VC. The maximum volume of air that a person can exhale after maximum inhalation. The measure is used in diagnostic pulmonary testing.

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39
Q

Primary structures of Hemic System

A

Spleen and bone marrow

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40
Q

Function of Hemic System

A

Production of blood, including component essential in providing defense against foreign organisms or substances.

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41
Q

Spleen location and main function

A

Located left quadrant of the abdomen. Filter for blood.

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42
Q

Bone Marrow main function

A

It manufactures bone marrow stem cells and other substances, which in turn produce blood cells

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43
Q

Stem cells function

A

Stem cells provide new cells for the body as it grows, and replace specialised cells that are damaged or lost. They have two unique properties that enable them to do this: They can divide over and over again to produce new cells. As they divide, they can change into the other types of cell that make up the body.

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44
Q

Cryopreservation

A

Preserving stem cells in low temperatures until they are needed

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45
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Located throughout body such as neck, under arms, groin, and filter the lymph fluid to remove harmful bacteria, viruses and other unknown foreign material.

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46
Q

Four organs in lymphatic system

A

spleen, tonsils, thymus gland, and Peyer’s patches=

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47
Q

Thymus Gland

A

The thymus gland is a small organ behind the breastbone that plays an important function both in the immune system and endocrine system. Though the thymus begins to atrophy (decay) during puberty, its effect in “training” T lymphocytes to fight infections and even cancer lasts for a lifetime.

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48
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

Groupings of lymphoid follicles in the mucus membrane that lines your small intestine. Peyer’s patches play an important role in immune surveillance of materials within your digestive system

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49
Q

Tonsils

A

Immune tisse. Initial line of defense against inhaled or ingested pathogens

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50
Q

Acute

A

Sudden and short term infection

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51
Q

Acute Upper Respiratory Infections

A

An acute URI is a contagious infection of your upper respiratory tract. Your upper respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, pharynx, larynx, and bronchi. Without a doubt, the common cold is the most well-known URI. Other types of URIs include sinusitis, pharyngitis, epiglottitis, and tracheobronchitis. Infection can be viral or bacterial.

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52
Q

Laryngitis

A

An inflammation of the voice box from overuse, irritation, or infection.
A viral infection is the most common cause of laryngitis.
Laryngitis may last for a short time (acute) or be ongoing (chronic). The main symptoms are hoarseness and loss of voice.
Acute laryngitis usually resolves on its own. With chronic laryngitis, treatment is aimed at the underlying condition, such as heartburn or smoking.

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53
Q

Chronic conditions

A

Develops slowly, is persistent and lasts over 3 weeks.

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54
Q

Pansinusitis

A

All of the sinuses in the head become infected or inflamed.

55
Q

Stridulous Croup

A

Laryngismus stridulous or false croup, is a sudden onset of spasmodic laryngeal closure with crowning inspiration (noisy breathing) There is no cough or fever and the respiration is normal between paroxysms

56
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus

A

RSV. Leading cause of respiratory infection in children

57
Q

Acute Bronchitis

A

Chest cold with cough

58
Q

Pneumonia

A

infection in one or both lungs. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi cause it. The infection causes inflammation in the air sacs in your lungs, which are called alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe

59
Q

Influenza

A

The flu, A common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups. Affects nose, throat, bronchi, and sometimes lungs.

60
Q

Emphysema

A

air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones

61
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Restrictive lung disease caused by inhalation of dust. Dust causes scarring of the lungs that cannot be reversed.

62
Q

Pyothorax

A

Collection of pus between the lung and the lining of the lung often caused by lung infection that spreads outside of the lung to the pleural space.

63
Q

Pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura cause by a lung infection

64
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collapse of the lung

65
Q

Interstitial Lung Disease

A

ILD, refers to group of lung diseases affecting the interstitial (tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs) often the result of pulmonary fibrosis from exposure to contaminants like asbestos and is a chronic debilitating condition.

66
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

A condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs.
Pulmonary edema is usually caused by a heart condition. Other causes include pneumonia, exposure to certain toxins and drugs, and being at high elevations.

67
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system.
Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. It causes these fluids to become thick and sticky. They then plug up tubes, ducts, and passageways.
Symptoms vary and can include cough, repeated lung infections, inability to gain weight, and fatty stools.
Treatments may ease symptoms and reduce complications. Newborn screening helps with early diagnosis.

68
Q

Thymic hyperplasia

A

abnormal growth of thymus gland

69
Q

Thymoma

A

Benign or malignant tumor in thymus

70
Q

Lymphoma

A

Cancer of lymphatic system

71
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of a lymph node, often associated with bacterial disease

72
Q

Lymphedema

A

The condition is caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system, part of the immune and circulatory systems. Lymphedema is most commonly caused by lymph node removal or damage due to cancer treatment.

73
Q

Leukemia

A

cancer of the blood or bone marrow

74
Q

Obliterative Services

A

entire mucosa of the sinus is removed

75
Q

Non obliterative Services

A

Cavity preserved

76
Q

Rhinotomy

A

Incision into nose to drain and incise abscess in nasal cavity or nasal septum

77
Q

Rhinectomy

A

removal of cysts, polyps, or entire or part of the nose

78
Q

Nasal polyps

A

A painless benign growth on the lining of the nose or sinuses.
Causes are chronic inflammation due to infection, allergies, drug sensitivity, or immune disorders.
Symptoms may include a runny nose, stuffiness, or post-nasal drip. In some cases, there may be no symptoms.

79
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

Usually cosmetic surgery

80
Q

Septoplasty

A

Deviated septum

81
Q

Vestibular Stenosis

A

narrowing of the nasal inlet resulting in airway obstruction

82
Q

Epistaxes

A

Nose bleeds. append RT or LT or 50 bilateral

83
Q

Frontal Sinuses

A

Located above the eyes

84
Q

Phagocytes

A

Eat and destroy bacteria, protozoa, cell debris and dust particles

85
Q

Red Pulp

A

Red blood cell reservoir and contain phagocytes

86
Q

White Pulp

A

Splenic nodules generates protective humoral antibodies

87
Q

Biopsy

A

an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease.

88
Q

Aspiration

A

means to draw in or out using a sucking motion. It has two meanings: Breathing in a foreign object (sucking food into the airway). A medical procedure that removes something from an area of the body. These substances can be air, body fluids, or bone fragments

89
Q

VATS

A

Endoscopy of the thorax. Video Assisted Thoracoscopic surgery. Always includes diagnostic VATS.

90
Q

Endoscopy

A

insertion of a long, thin tube directly into the body to observe an internal organ or tissue in detail. It can also be used to carry out other tasks including imaging and minor surgery. Endoscopes are minimally invasive and can be inserted into the openings of the body such as the mouth or anus

91
Q

Thoracoscopy

A

s a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy, and/or resection of disease or masses within the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity

92
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

s a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy, and/or resection of disease or masses within the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity

93
Q

Deep Lymph Nodes

A

Under a layer of muscle or bone

94
Q

Anerurysm

A

A ballooning and weakened area in an artery.
Aneurysms often occur in the aorta, brain, back of the knee, intestine, or spleen. A ruptured aneurysm can result in internal bleeding, stroke, and can sometimes be fatal.

95
Q

Epistaxes

A

Nose bleeds. Append RT, LT or 50

96
Q

Sinusotomy

A

Incisional procedures to drain blocked sinus

97
Q

Obliterative Sinus Procedures

A

Entire mucosa of sinus removed and sinus back-filled with fat from patient

98
Q

Dacryocystorhinostomy

A

Restores the flow of tears into the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not work

99
Q

Concha bullosa

A

Enlargement of nasal turbinate; it may be resected to improv airflow

100
Q

Maxillary antrostomy

A

making an opening in the maxillary sinuses (in cheek bones) to improve drainage.

101
Q

Sphenoidotomy

A

Creation of an opening into the anterior (front) wall of the sphenoid sinus (behind the nose and eyes)

102
Q

Decompression

A

Relieves pressure on the optic nerve or other structures of the eye to treat various optic neuropathies

103
Q

Cervical Approach

A

via the neck. In Mediastinotomy it mean they cut into the mediastinum via the neck.

104
Q

Thoracic Approach

A

Left side of the chest next to the breastbone in Mediastinotomy

105
Q

Laryngectomy

A

Excision of larynx

106
Q

Laryngotomy

A

incision into larynx to remove tumor

107
Q

-ostomy

A

create an opening into the body

108
Q

-otomy

A

cut into (incision)

109
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal (excision)

110
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture of a cavity or organ to remove fluid

111
Q

Radical neck dissection

A

removal of larynx and lump nodes and may include surrounding areas to ensure cancerous tissue is removed

112
Q

Pharyngolaryngectomy

A

Removal of pharynx and larynx

113
Q

Arytenoidectomy

A

excision of laryngeal cartilage where vocal chords attach

114
Q

Epiglottidectomy

A

excision of epiglottis

115
Q

Emergency Endotracheal Intubation

A

Tube inserted into patients mouth into their trachea to maintain an open airway if the patient can not breath in an emergency situation

116
Q

Tracheotomy

A

Incision through the neck into the trachea to allow the patient to breath

117
Q

-oplasty

A

surgical repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction

118
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

119
Q

peri

A

surrounding

120
Q

-oscopy

A

to view

121
Q

-phonia

A

voice

122
Q

rhin/o, nas/o

A

nose

123
Q

bronch/o, bronchi

A

bonchus

124
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

125
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

126
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

127
Q

pulmon/o, pulm/o

A

lung

128
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

129
Q

pneum/o, pnemato/o

A

air, gas, lung, respiration

130
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

131
Q

Centesis

A

puncture to remove fluid

132
Q

ectomy

A

surgical removal

133
Q

ostomy

A

new permanent opening

134
Q

otomy

A

cutting into

Medical Coding (19 decks)

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