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Medical Coding > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anastomosis

A

Joining of two or more blood vessels

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2
Q

Angiography

A

Radiographic visualization of blood vessels

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3
Q

Angioplasty

A

Procedure to open narrow or blocked vessels

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4
Q

Annuloplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of the ring (annulus) of a heart valve

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5
Q

Antegrade

A

Moving or extending anteriorly, moving with the usual direction of flow

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6
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity of heart rate or rhythem; loss of rhythm

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7
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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8
Q

Atherectomy

A

Procedure to remove plaque from arteries

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9
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Buildup of plaque on artery walls

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10
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers of heart; right atrium, left atrium

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11
Q

Atrioventricular (AV)

A

Relating to both the atria and the ventricles of the heart

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12
Q

Bifurcation

A

Division into two branches

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13
Q

Bundle of HIs (AB bundle)

A

Muscle fibers in the heart’s conduction system branching off to the right and the left sides of the heart

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14
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest branches of arteries and veins

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15
Q

Cardioversion

A

Use of defibrillator paddles to restore normal rhythm of the heart by electrical shock

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16
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

String like tendons linking papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle and the mitral valve in the left ventricle

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17
Q

Conductive System

A

Generates and distributes electrical impulses over the heart and along the septum to stimulate contraction, allowing blood to move throughout the body

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18
Q

Contralateral

A

Situated on, pertaining to, or affecting the opposite side, as opposed to ipsilateral

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19
Q

Coronary Circulation

A

Movement of blood through the coronary vessels supplying tissues of the heart

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20
Q

Enocarditis

A

Inflammation or infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium)

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21
Q

Epicardial

A

Relating to the outermost (on top) layer of the heart wall

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22
Q

Implantable Defibrillator

A

Implantable device delivering an electrical shock to restore a normal heart rhythm

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23
Q

Infarction

A

Death of tissue

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24
Q

Intracoronary

A

Within the heart

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25
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Situated on, pertaining to, or affecting the same side, as opposed to contralateral

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26
Q

Myocardial

A

Relating to the myocardium (second layer of the wall of the heart)

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27
Q

Nonselective Catheterization

A

Catheter placed in the main trunk, contrast may be injected, images may be taken, the catheter is not moved into any other branches

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28
Q

Non-tunneled Catheter

A

A catheter inserted through the skin directly into a central vessel

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29
Q

Non-tunneled Catheter

A

A catheter inserted through the skin directly into a central vessel

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30
Q

Occlusion

A

Closure; the act of closing

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31
Q

Papillary Muscle

A

Muscles attached to the lower portion of the interior wall of the ventricles and connected to the chordae tendineae

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32
Q

Prolapse

A

Sinking of an organ or other part

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33
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again

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34
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Conduction myofibers branching off of the right and left bundle branches into cells of the myocardium

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35
Q

Regurgitation

A

Flowing backwards

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36
Q

Retrograde

A

Moving backward or against the usual direction of flow

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37
Q

Revascularization

A

Reestablishment of blood supply to a part

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38
Q

Selective Catheterization

A

Catheter placed in branches further off the main trunk (first, second, third or higher order)

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39
Q

Sinoatrial

A

Refers to the sinus of the venae cavae of the mature heart and the right atrium

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40
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing, stricture

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41
Q

Subendocardial

A

Under or below enocardium

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42
Q

Syncope

A

Loss of consciousness and postural tone

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43
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Supplies nourishment to tissue located throughout the body with the exception of the heart and lungs

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44
Q

Thrombolysis

A

Destruction of blood clot

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45
Q

Transluminal

A

Destruction of a blood clot

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46
Q

Transluminal

A

Through or across the lumen (tube) of an artery or vein

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47
Q

Tranvenous

A

Through or across a vein

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48
Q

Trifurcation

A

Division into three branches or parts

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49
Q

Tunneled Catheter

A

Catheter tunneled through the skin and subcutaneous tissue to a central vessel. The entrance point of the catheter is distant from the entrance to the vascular system

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50
Q

Valvular Prolapse

A

Valve leaflets fall backward into the heart chamber

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51
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of a valve

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52
Q

Ventricle

A

Lower chamber of the heart; right ventricle left ventricle.

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53
Q

Epicardium

A

or visceral pericardium covers the heart’s surface and extends to the great vessel

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54
Q

Myocardium

A

the contracting muscle of the heart and consists of striated muscle fibers interlaced into bundles

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55
Q

Innermost endocadium

A

composed of thing layer of endothelium and thin layer of connective tissue

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56
Q

Atria, Atrium

A

Holding tanks in upper heart chamber holding tanks and receive blood as it comes into the heart

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57
Q

Ventricles

A

lower chambers of heart that pump blood out

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58
Q

Atrioventricles

A

AV valves open from atria to ventricles

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59
Q

Hypertension

A

HTN High Blood pressure, chronic condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. Hypertension and Heart Disease or Chronic Kidney Disease are combo codes unless doctor specifies they are unrelated

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60
Q

Primary Hypertension

A

High blood pressure for which no medical cause can be found

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61
Q

Secondary Hypertenstion

A

Caused by conditions affecting kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system

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62
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

MI or Heart Attack. A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle

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63
Q

STEMI

A

In heart attack or MI the coronary artery is completely blocked

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64
Q

NSTEMI

A

in heart attack or MI the coronary artery is partially blocked

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65
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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66
Q

Angina

A

A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease.
Angina feels like squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness, or pain in the chest. It can be sudden or recur over time.

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67
Q

Ischemia

A

restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).q

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68
Q

Endocarditis

A

inflammation or infection of the inner lining of the heart

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69
Q

Pericarditis

A

inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart caused by infection

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70
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disesase

A

PAD affects the arteries outside the heart and brain

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71
Q

Vavle stenosis

A

one or more of the heart valve openings is narrow and restricts the flow of blood through the heart

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72
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

drawing off collected fluid built up inside the double layered pericardial sac

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73
Q

Pericardiotomy

A

Incision made for a clot/foreign body removal

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74
Q

Pericardiectomy

A

removal of the fibrous sac (pericardium) surrounding the heart for diseases effecting the heart

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75
Q

Transmyocardial laser revascularizaton TMR

A

Surgical procedure to treat angina (chest pain)

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76
Q

Pacemaker

A

Implantable defibrillator system is made up of a pulse generator (battery ad electronics) and one or more electrodes (leads)

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77
Q

Leadless Pacemaker

A

a small implantable device that sends electrical pulses to the heart whenever it senses that the heartbeat is too slow. Leadless pacing devices are placed directly in the heart without the need for a surgical pocket and insulated wires (called leads).

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78
Q

Commissurotomy

A

Surgical opening or division of a fibrous band or ring.

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79
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal passage way from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

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80
Q

AV Aneurysm

A

Bulging pouch

81
Q

Takeuchi procedure

A

Holes are made in the aorta and pulmonary artery at the level of the anomalous coronary artery and where the vessels touch each other. The holes are sewn together to create a direct aortopulmonary opening. A flap of pulmonary artery wall is created with the anomalous coronary artery, creating a tunnel. Blood is diverted from the aorta into this tunnel

82
Q

CABG Choronary Artery Bypass Grafts

A

Surgical provedure performed to go around a bypass blockages in the coronary arteries to improve blood flow to heart muscles. Arterial or venous grafts are harvested from the patient’s body to be used as conduits to the coronary arteries

83
Q

Septal Defect

A

Condition in which the septum dividing the right and left sides of the heart does not close completely

84
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

Congenital heart condition characterized by stenosis of infundibulum, ventricular septal defect, abnormally positioned aorta, hypertrophy (increased size) of the right ventricles

85
Q

Subclavian to pulmonary shunt procedure

A

Blalock-Taussig Procedure Temporar performed in children who are not getting enough oxygen in blood. Shunts performed a short segment of artificial blood vessel connecting a branch off the aorta to one of the pulmonary arteries to allow more blood flow to the lungs. Children outgrow the shunts and will need more surgery.

86
Q

Transposition of Great Vessels

A

Total reversal of origin of the aorta and the pulmonary artery. A shunt between the arterial and venous blood flow must be placed for the patient to survive

87
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

Arterial trunk opening out of both ventricles in the heart while the fetus is in the stages of early development in utero. A spiral septum grows to separate the two vessels but if it is not divided surgery is necessary

88
Q

Ventricle Septal Defect

A

Hole in the septum between two ventricles

89
Q

Psudoaneurysm

A

False aneurysm results when a blood vessel wall is injured. Can cause blood to be contained in surrounding areas usually caused by injury or surgical complication.

90
Q

Dissection

A

Tear in the innermost layer of the aorta

91
Q

Penetrating Aortic Ulcer

A

Plaque from antherosclerosis wears away the arterial wall lining causing a penetration of the vessel

92
Q

Traumatic Disruption

A

A tear or rupture in the aorta causes severe hemorrhaging

93
Q

Endovascular Repair Abdominal Aortic Repair

A

EVAR During the procedure, a surgeon makes an incision through an artery in your groin. A thin, flexible tube (catheter) is threaded up through the artery and to the site of the aortic aneurysm. A stent graft is sent along the catheter to the aneurysm. The stent graft is a tube made of a thin metal mesh (the stent), covered with a thin polyester fabric (the graft). This stent graft is opened inside the aorta and fastened in place. The stent graft stays in place, and blood flows through it. It protects that part of the aorta, and prevents the aneurysm from bursting.

94
Q

Hematoma

A

Blood or bleeding under the skin due to trauma of any kind; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.

95
Q

Thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot, known as a thrombus, within a blood vessel. It prevents blood from flowing normally through the circulatory system

96
Q

Edema

A

Puffiness caused by excess fluid trapped in the body’s tissues.

97
Q

Thromboendearterectomies

A

Used when calcified plaque or persistent clot formations do not respond to balloon angioplasty procedures. Thrombus removed and inner lining of the artery.

98
Q

Patch Graft

A

graft of living or synthetic material used to repair a defect in a blood vessel

99
Q

Angioplasty

A

Opens narrow or blocked vessels.

100
Q

Balloon Angioplasty

A

involves inserting a balloon catheter into a narrow or occluded blood vessel to dilate (enlarge) the vessel by inflating the balloon

101
Q

Bypass Graft

A

Performed on the non-coronary vessels as determined by the type of graft and vessels bypassed. Vein, in-situ vein and other than vein. Must know where the graft is connected on the ends.

102
Q

In-situ graft

A

Restoration of perfusion to a body part or organ that has suffered ischemia (reduced blood flow) to avoid amputation

103
Q

Bypass Vein Graft

A

Involves bypassing an arterial blockage with a section of vein reversed so the vein valves are in the direction of arterial flow

104
Q

Central Venous Access Devices

A

CVAD catheters placed in large veins for patients who require frequent access to the bloodstreatm

105
Q

Intraosseous infusion

A

Into jugular, subclavian or femoral veinsInsertion of a special needle through the skin, muscle tissue and into the bone marrow cavity of either tibia or fibula

106
Q

Dialysis

A

Removing blood from patient, cleansing it to replace and supplement the function of the kidneys and returning it back to the patient

107
Q

Transvenous Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

A

TIPS Performed when pressure in the portal vein is so high it causes internal bleeding from blood vessels in the esophagus. Involves threading a catheter into the portal vein and inserting a self expanding stent to bridge the portal and hepatic veins to divert blood from the portal vein to the hepativ vein

108
Q

Interventional Cardiology/Radioly

A

Branch of medicine that diagnoses and treats diseases using minimally invasive techniques under imaging guidance

109
Q

Angiography

A

Radiographic visualization of blood vessels following introduction of contrast material

110
Q

Antegrade

A

Moving or extending anteriorly, moving with the flow

111
Q

Bifurcation

A

Division into two branches

112
Q

Contralateral

A

Situated on, pertaining to or affecting the opposite side as opposed to ipsilateral

113
Q

Digital Subtraction Angiography

A

Arteriography using electronic circuitry to subtract the background of bone and soft tissue to provide a useful image of arteries injected with contrast medium

114
Q

First Order Vessel

A

Primary branch off the main trunk of a vascular system

115
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Situated on pertaining to or affecting the same side as opposed to contralateral

116
Q

Main Trunk of the Arterial System

A

Aorta

117
Q

Main Trunk of the Venous System

A

Vena cava

118
Q

Non-selective Catheterization

A

Catheter placed in the main trunk contrast may be injected, images may be taken but the catheter is not moved into any branches

119
Q

Roadmapping

A

Overlaying of two images. A stored image is superimposed upon a current fluoroscopic image, or a current image can be copied for storage and later used in roadmapping

120
Q

Second Order Vessel

A

Secondary branch and comes off the first order vessel

121
Q

Selective Catheterization

A

A catheter is placed in the branches further off the main trunk

122
Q

Third order and higher vessels

A

Tertiary branch and further, comes off the second order vessel

123
Q

Trifurcation

A

Division into three branches or parts

124
Q

Vascular Family

A

Network of vessels arising from the aorta’s main branch or network of vessels arising from one primary branch of the access site

125
Q

Vascular Family

A

Network of vessels arising from the aorta’s main branch or network of vessels arising from one primary branch of the access site

126
Q

Endovascular Revasculization

A

clear blockages in the arteries and remove the plaque that is causing decreased blood flow. This alleviates the pain and stops the tissue decay/loss associated with lower extremity PAD

127
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

128
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

129
Q

Cardiac SPECT scans

A

use small amounts of radioactive substances injected into a vein and special camera to produce images of the heart. Using these pictures a computer measures blood flow through the heart and detects areas of abnormal heart muscle

130
Q

Cardiac Blood pool imaging

A

radioactive solution is introduced into the bloodstream and monitored as it travels through the heart. CPT located

131
Q

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

A

Non invasive tests used to assess the hearts structure and function

132
Q

Position Emission Tomography

A

PET nuclear imaging to evaluate heart function after administration of a natural biochemical substance such as glucose or fatty acids. Can be used to look of Coronary Artery Disease by examining how blood flows through the heart and can evaluate damage to heart tissue after a heart attack

133
Q

Cardioversion

A

Defibrillator paddles to restore normal rhythm of heart by electrical shock

134
Q

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention PCI

A

a nonsurgical procedure that improves blood flow to your heart. PCI requires cardiac catheterization, which is the insertion of a catheter tube and injection of contrast dye, usually iodine-based, into your coronary arteries

135
Q

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

A

Nonsurgical procedure relieving narrowing and obstruction of antherosclertic coronary arteries

136
Q

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Atherectomy

A

A cutting device is used to remove plaque buildup from the artery wall.

137
Q

Percutaneous intracoronary stent placement

A

Stent is mounted on a ballon catheter in a crimped or collapsed state and inserted into a coronary artery. When balloon inflates, stent expands and pushes itself against the inner wall of the coronary artery.

138
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

ECG, EKG Diagnostic Tool used to measure and record electrical activity of heart

139
Q

Holter Monitor

A

Records the heart rhythm continuously for up to 48 hours

140
Q

Echocardiography

A

Records graphically the position and motions of the heart walls or the internal structures of the heart and neighboring tissue using echoes obtained from the ultrasonic waves directed through the chest wall.

141
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

Minimally invasive diagnostic test enabling evaluation of the heart’s chambers, valves, and coronary arteries.

142
Q

Electrophysiological Studies

A

test the electrical activity of your heart to find where an arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeat) is coming from. Invasive testing doctors insert a thin tube called a catheter into a blood vessel that leads to your heart. A specialized electrode catheter designed for EP studies lets them send electrical signals to your heart and record its electrical activity.

143
Q

Intracardiac Catheter Ablation

A

Radiofrequency energy used to destroy cardiac tissue selectively.

144
Q

aneurysm/o

A

aneurysm

145
Q

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel

146
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

147
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery

148
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

149
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish, fatty plaque

150
Q

atri.o

A

atrium

151
Q

cancer/o, carcin/o

A

cancer

152
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

153
Q

coron/o

A

heart

154
Q

ech/o, son/o

A

sound

155
Q

electr/o

A

electrical

156
Q

endocardi/o

A

endocardium

157
Q

mediastin/o

A

mediastinum

158
Q

my/o

A

muscle

159
Q

myocardi/o

A

myocardium

160
Q

oxia, ox/y

A

oxygen

161
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

162
Q

phleb/0, ven/o

A

vein

163
Q

pulmon/o, pulm/o

A

lung

164
Q

rhythm/o

A

rhythm

165
Q

scler/o

A

hard

166
Q

sept/o

A

septum

167
Q

sin/o

A

sinus

168
Q

steth/o, thorac/o

A

chest

169
Q

valv/o, vavul/o

A

vavle

170
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricles

171
Q

venul/o

A

venule

172
Q

bi-

A

two

173
Q

brady-

A

slow

174
Q

de-

A

down, from, without, removal, loss

175
Q

epi-

A

upon, above, on, over

176
Q

peri-

A

around

177
Q

poly-

A

many, much

178
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

179
Q

tri-

A

three

180
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

181
Q

-edema

A

swelling, accumulation of fluid

182
Q

-graph

A

instrument used to record

183
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

184
Q

-gram

A

recording, writing

185
Q

-ium

A

membrane, structure

186
Q

-megaly

A

enlarged, enlargement

187
Q

-ole

A

small

188
Q

-oma

A

tumor

189
Q

-pathy

A

disease, abnormality

190
Q

-phobia

A

fear (abnormal)

191
Q

-sclerosis

A

narrowing, stricture, constriction

192
Q

-stomy

A

artificial opening, surgical creation of an opening

193
Q

-tome

A

cutting instrument, instrument for cutting

194
Q

modifier 26

A

professional and technical component

195
Q

modifier 51

A

sep procedure same time

196
Q

50

A

both sides

197
Q

Maze Procedure

A

for atrial fibrillation (irregular heart rate). Creates pattern of scar tissue in upper chamber of heart using heat or cold or scalpel is used to make several small incisions

198
Q

modifier 22

A

Greater than that usually required for the listed procedure

Medical Coding (19 decks)

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