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Medical Coding > Introduction to Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

towards the front of the body

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2
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

towards the back of the body

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3
Q

Medial

A

towards the midline of the body

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4
Q

Lateral

A

towards the side of the body

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5
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to the point of attachment or from a given reference point

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6
Q

Distal

A

farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point

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7
Q

Superior (cranail)

A

above; toward the head

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8
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

below; towards the lower end of the spine

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9
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Closer to the surface of the body

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10
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Closer to the center of the body

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11
Q

Supine

A

lying face up

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12
Q

Prone

A

lying face down

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13
Q

Sagittal

A

Cuts through the body from front to back ad divides the body into right and left sections

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14
Q

Midsagittal

A

Cuts through the midline of the body from front to back and dives the body into equal right and left sections

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15
Q

Frontal (coronal)

A

Cuts at a right angle to he midline, from side to side and divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior sections

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16
Q

Transverse (horizontal) (axial)

A

Cuts horizontally through the body and separates the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections

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17
Q

Cells

A

smallest unit of organism

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18
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Surround and protects cell; semipermable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm

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19
Q

Cystoplasm

A

body of cell; material or protoplasm within a living cell excluding the nucleus

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20
Q

Nucleus

A

Small round structure within the cell containing chromosomes and nucleoplasm (DNA and RNA)

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21
Q

Chromosome

A

Linear strand made of DNA, carrying genetic information

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22
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells including the formation, structure, and function of the cells

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23
Q

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

A

Contains within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis

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24
Q

Gene

A

Specific segment of base pairs in chromosomes, functional unity of heredity

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25
Q

Mitosis

A

Cells divide and multiply to form two cells

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26
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

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27
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

The space inside the skull, or cranium, containing the brain

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28
Q

Spinal cavity

A

The space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

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29
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavity

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30
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

The space containing the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi and thymus

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31
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

The space containing the lower portion of the esophagus, the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureters.

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32
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

The space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine and the rectum.

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33
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

Epithelial tissue which can secrete mucus and lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages. Involved in secretion and absorption

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34
Q

Serous Membranes

A

Line internal body cavities and organs such as the heart, lungs and abdominal cavity. They consist of a layer of simple squamous epithelium overlaying a layer of loose connective tissue

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35
Q

Synovial Membranes

A

These line joint cavities and are composed of connective tissue. They secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity; this lubricates the ends of bones so they can move more freely

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36
Q

Meninges

A

Composed of three connective tissue membranes found within the dorsal cavity and serve as a protective covering of the brain and spinal cord. The meninges from outer layer to inside layer are dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater

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37
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

This membrane forms the outer covering of the body and consists of a thin outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium attached to a thicker underlying layer of connective tissue. It is skin.

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38
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Horny Layer of epidermis; outermost layer

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39
Q

Stratum Lucidum (palms and soles)

A

Clear layer of epidermis, dead skin found on palms and soles of feet

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40
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Thin layer of cells in the epidermis. Contains two types of granules; keratohyaline granules and lamented granules.

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41
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Composed of prickle cells that are interwoven for protection in the epidermis

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42
Q

Stratum Basal (Stratum Germinativum)

A

Deepest of the five layers of epidermis made up of basal cells

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43
Q

Stratum Papilare

A

Thin superficial layer of the dermis, interlocked with the epidermis

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44
Q

Stratum Reticulare

A

Thick dense layer of dermis, irregular connective tissue

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45
Q

Allograft

A

A graft transplanted from one person to another who is not genetically identical; also called an allogeneic skin graft

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46
Q

Autologous

A

Obtained from the patient as both the donor and recipient

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47
Q

Cutaneous

A

Pertaining to the skin

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48
Q

Dermatology

A

The study of skin

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49
Q

Decubitus

A

Pressure ulcer/bedsore

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50
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Condition in which blood seeps into the skin, causing discoloration

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51
Q

Hypodermic

A

Pertaining to under the skin

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52
Q

Intradermal

A

Pertaining to within the skin

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53
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment giving color to skin

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54
Q

Melanoma

A

Pigmented malignant tumor of the skin, the most dangerous form of skin cancer

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55
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation with lice

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56
Q

Percutaneous

A

Through the skin wither by absorption or by needle puncture

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57
Q

Pruritus

A

Severe itching

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58
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Pertaining to below the skin

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59
Q

Tinea

A

Ringworm (fungal skin infection)

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60
Q

Transcutaneous

A

Penetrating, entering, or passing through the skin

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61
Q

Trichomycosis

A

Fungal infection of the hair

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62
Q

Urticaria

A

Raised wheals or hies on skin with itching

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63
Q

Alopecia

A

Loss of hair

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64
Q

Hair Papilla

A

Knoblike indentation at bottom of hair follicle counting the blood supply to hair root

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65
Q

Lunula

A

Little moon are of nail

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66
Q

Nail Body

A

Visible part of nail

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67
Q

Nail Bed

A

Skin below the nail, epidermis and dermis

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68
Q

Onychitis

A

Inflammation of nail matrix (nail bed)

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69
Q

Long Bones

A

Bones longer than they are wide and found in the limbs

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70
Q

Tubular Bones

A

Long Bones

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71
Q

Short Bones

A

Roughly cube shaped bones such as carpal bones of the worst and tarsal bones of the ankle

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72
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

Short bone shaped like a sesame seed formed within tendons, cartilaginous in early life and osseous (bony) in the adult. Patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body

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73
Q

Cuboidal

A

Short bones

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74
Q

Flat bones

A

Consist of a layer of spongy bones between two thin layers of compact bone; cross-section is flat, not rounded. Flat bones have marrow but lack a bone marry cavity. Eg: skull and ribs

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75
Q

Irregular bones

A

Does not fit other categories of bones. Eg: Vertebrae

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76
Q

Closed Fracture

A

Does not involve break in skin

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77
Q

Compound Fracture

A

Projects through the skin with a possibility of infection

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78
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

More than two separate bone components (fragments)

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79
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Breaks shaft of a bone across the longitudinal axis

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80
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

Only one side of shaft is broken and other is bent, common in children

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81
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress

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82
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

Occurs in wrist and affects the distal radius bone

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83
Q

Compression Fracture

A

Vertebrae collapse due to trauma, tumor or osteoporosis

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84
Q

Epiphyseal Fracture

A

Occurs when matrix is calcifying and chondrocytes are dying usually seen in children

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85
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Also called striated muscle and is attached to the skeleton by tendons; contraction of skeletal muscle is under voluntary control

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86
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Also called heart muscle and contains interlocking involuntary striated muscle, which allows electrical impulses to pass quickly across the muscle fibers

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87
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body except the heart, its contraction reduces the side of these structures; movement generally is involuntary

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88
Q

Ankylosis

A

Condition of stiffening of a join

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89
Q

Arthralgia

A

Pain the in joint

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90
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation in the joint

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91
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Surgical fixation of a joint

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92
Q

Arthropathy

A

Join disease

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93
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursa

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94
Q

Carpal

A

Pertaining to the wrist bones

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95
Q

Chondral

A

Pertaining to cartilage

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96
Q

Chondralgia

A

Pain around and in the cartilage

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97
Q

Coccygeal

A

Pertaining to the coccyx

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98
Q

Connective

A

Tissue connecting or binding together

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99
Q

Dactylic

A

Pertaining to finger or toe

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100
Q

Femoral

A

Pertaining to the femur

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101
Q

Femur

A

Thighbone

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102
Q

Iliac

A

Pertaining to the ilium

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103
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal curvature of thoracic spine (humpback)

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104
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal anterior curvature of spine, usually lumbar (swayback or hollow back)

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105
Q

Metacarpal

A

Long bones of the hand that form the skeletal structure of the palm

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106
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone forming cell

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107
Q

Osteocarcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor of bone

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108
Q

Osteorrhaphy

A

Suture of bone

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109
Q

Patellar

A

Pertaining to the patella bone

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110
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of the fingers and toes

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111
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of spine

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112
Q

Sternotomy

A

Surgical incision of sterum

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113
Q

Tarsal

A

Pertaining to the tarsal bones in the foot

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114
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of tedon

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115
Q

Angina

A

A condition marked by severe pain in the chest, often also spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart

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116
Q

Angiocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart and blood vessels

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117
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair repair of blood vessels

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118
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of an artery

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119
Q

Joints

A

Where two or more bones meet

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120
Q

Tendons

A

A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone

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121
Q

Ligaments

A

A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable

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122
Q

Blood vessel

A

A tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.

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123
Q

Vein

A

Any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.

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124
Q

Artery

A

Any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body

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125
Q

Capillaries

A

Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

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126
Q

Arteriotomy

A

Incision into an artery

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127
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A type of arteriosclerosis characterized by lipid deposits causing fibrosis calcification

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128
Q

Bradycardi

A

Slow heartbeat

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129
Q

Cardiocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the heart

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130
Q

Cardiologist

A

Physician specializing in diseases of the heart

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131
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

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132
Q

Cardiopulmonary

A

Pertaining to heart and lungs

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133
Q

Carditis

A

Inflammantion of heat

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134
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluing of skin an mucous membranes cause by oxygen deficiency

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135
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of heart allowing blood to refill the heart chamber

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136
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Electrical tracing of the heart and heart muscle activity

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137
Q

Embolism

A

Blood clot traveling through the blood vessel to another part of the body

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138
Q

Hemangioma

A

Benign tumor of a blood vessel

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139
Q

Hypertension

A

Persistent excessive pressure in the arteries

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140
Q

Pacemaker

A

A system that uses low energy electronic pulses to control the heart rhythm

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141
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

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142
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

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143
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot formed within a blood vessel

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144
Q

Transluminal

A

Passing through tubular organ or part such as the lumen of a blood vessel

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145
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Comprised of Lymph vessels and lymph nodes. Collects excess fluid from the interstitial spaces (potential spaces between tissue) and returns it to the heart.

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146
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Comprised of the heart and the blood vessels working together to move blood throughout our body to provide nutrients and oxygen to all organs and tissues within the body.

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147
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

System of muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments providing movement, form, strength and protection.

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148
Q

Integumentary System

A

Largest organ system in body is comprised of skin, hair and nails. Provide protection from injury, fluid loss and microorganisms. Temperature regulation. Fluid balance. Sensation.

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149
Q

Spleen

A

Organ of the lymphatic system in the left upper abdomen that filters and destroys red blood cells that are no longer efficient. It serves as a blood forming organ early in life and later as a storage unit for extra red blood cells and platets

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150
Q

Lymph node

A

each of a number of small swellings in the lymphatic system where lymph is filtered and lymphocytes are formed

151
Q

Lymphocyte

A

a form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system

152
Q

Thymus

A

Organ located in the neck with two identical lobes. Increases in size during first year of lie. After puberty t gradually atrophies. It is responsible for T-lymphocyte maturation enabling these cells to function against specific pathogens in the immune system.

153
Q

Peyer’s Patches

A

Found in lining of intestine and help protect against microorganisms

154
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

155
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection

156
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of tissues with lymph caused by obstruction or excision of lymphatic vessels

157
Q

Lymphoma

A

Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue

158
Q

Sentinel node

A

The first few lymph nodes into which a tumor drains and cancer cells are likely spread from a primary tumor

159
Q

Thymitis

A

Thymus gland inflammation

160
Q

Respiratory System

A

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and their smaller branches, lungs and alveoli. It functions to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. Air inspired through the nose and mouth passes the lungs through a series of branching airways known as the bronchial tree

161
Q

Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx (air passageway), Oropharynx (air and food passageway), and laryngopharynx (air and food passageway)

162
Q

Trachea

A

Mediastinal region, splits into two bronchi that enter the lungs. Three lobes in right lung and two lobes in left. The epiglottis is a loose flap at the top of the trachea that flips over to close the trachea when a person swallows

163
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box and helps provide an open airway and acts as a switching mechanism to route air and food into proper channels

164
Q

ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Pulmonary edema that can rapidly lead to death

165
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchioles

166
Q

Bronchoscope

A

Instrument used to examine the bronchi

167
Q

Carina

A

Projection of the lowest tracheal cartilage where the trachea separates into two bronchi

168
Q

COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

Any group of chronic progressive and debilitative respiratory diseases eg: asthma, bronchitis

169
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing

170
Q

Endotracheal tube

A

A tube placed through the mouth into the trachea to help a patient breath

171
Q

Hemothorax

A

Presence of blood in the pleural space

172
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Abnormally rapid or deep breathing

173
Q

Lobectomy

A

Surgical excision of a lobe of the lung

174
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing unless upright or in a straight position

175
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air in the chest or pleural cavity

176
Q

Rales (crackles)

A

Abnormal chest sounds heard when air enters small airways or alveoli containing fluid typically during inspiration

177
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Discharge from the nose

178
Q

Rhonchus

A

Rale or rattling sound in throat or bronchial tube caused by obstructed or inflamed bronchi

179
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast or rapid breathing

180
Q

Thoracoscopy

A

Examination of the pleural cavity through an endoscope

181
Q

Thoracotomy

A

Incision into the chest wall

182
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity via surgical puncture; pleural tap

183
Q

Tuberculosis

A

A highly contagious, chronic bacterial infection usually affecting the lungs

184
Q

Wheeze

A

Whistling sound usually cause by air passageway obstruction, common in asthmatics

185
Q

Digestive System

A

Gastrointestinal tract and it’s ancillary organs. System mechanically and chemically breaks down food into minuscule or molecular size for absorption into the blood stream and use at the cellular level.

186
Q

Aphagia

A

Inability to swallow

187
Q

Bariatric

A

Pertaining to the prevention and control of obesity

188
Q

Biliary

A

Pertaining to bile

189
Q

Buccal

A

Pertaining to the cheek

190
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical excision of the gallbladder

191
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

192
Q

Colectomy

A

Excision of part of the colon

193
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Examination of colon

194
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of one or more diverticulum

195
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Presence of a number of diverticula of the intestine

196
Q

Diverticula

A

n abnormal pouch or sac opening from a hollow organ (such as the intestine or bladder)

197
Q

Epigastic

A

Region above the stomach

198
Q

Gastralgia

A

Pain in the stomach

199
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

200
Q

Herniotomy

A

Incision into a hernia

201
Q

Ileostomy

A

Creating an opening thought the abdominal wall into the ileum

202
Q

Ileum

A

the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum

203
Q

Laparotomy

A

Surgical incision into the abdomen

204
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancrea

205
Q

Pharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the pharynx

206
Q

Rectocele

A

Herniation of the rectum into the vagina

207
Q

Sigmoidoscope

A

Instrument used to view the sigmoid colon

208
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlarged spleen

209
Q

Splenorrhaphy

A

Repair of spleen

210
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth

211
Q

Sublingual

A

Below or beneath the tongue

212
Q

Transoral

A

Through the mouth

213
Q

Warthin’s tumor

A

A tumor found in the salary gland

214
Q

Urinary System

A

Produces urine for excretion of metabolic wastes and fluid and electrolyte balance and provides transportation and temporary storage of urine prior to the intermittent process of urination. Includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

215
Q

Albuminuria

A

Presence of serum protein in the urine

216
Q

Bacteriuria

A

Bacteria in the urine

217
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease CKD

A

A chronic disease in which the kidney’s ability to filter water from the blood declines slowly

218
Q

Cystectomy

A

Excision of the bladder or part of the bladder; removal of a cyst

219
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of bladder

220
Q

Cystocele

A

Hernia of the bladder protruding into the vagina

221
Q

Cystolithectomy

A

Excision of a stone from the bladder

222
Q

Cystopexy

A

Surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

223
Q

Cystoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the bladder

224
Q

Cystorrhagia

A

Blood bursting forth from the bladder

225
Q

Dialysis

A

Separation of waste material from blood to maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance in impaired kidney function or in the absence of a kidney

226
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficult or painful urination

227
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

228
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Condition in which urine collects in the renal pelvis due to obstructed outflow, results in dilation of the renal pelvis and calices

229
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to hold urine

230
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Excision of a kidney

231
Q

Nephritis

A

Inflammation of a kidney

232
Q

Nephrologist

A

Physician treating diseases of the kidney

233
Q

Nephropathy

A

Disease of the kidney

234
Q

Nephrosclerosis

A

Hardening or sclerosis of the kidney

235
Q

Plyuria

A

Excessive urination, profuse micturition

236
Q

Pyelocystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder and renal pelvis

237
Q

Pyelonephristis

A

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

238
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in urine

239
Q

Uremia

A

Excess urea and other nitrogenous waster in blood

240
Q

Ureteroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the ureter

241
Q

Urethralgia

A

Pain in the urethra

242
Q

Urinalysis

A

Examination of the urine to detect abnormalities by various diagnostic methods

243
Q

Urologist

A

A physician treating disease of the urinary system

244
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstruation

245
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid

246
Q

Antepartum

A

Time period during pregnancy before childbirth

247
Q

Colporrhaphy

A

Suture or repair of vaginal wall

248
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful or difficult menstruation

249
Q

Endometriosis

A

Condition in which the endometrial tissue is found outside of the uterus such as in the abdominal or pelvic cavity

250
Q

Epispadias

A

Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper aspect (dorsum) of the penis

251
Q

External os

A

The opening from the cervix into the vagina

252
Q

Fibroma

A

Fibrous tumor, also calle a myoma, fibroid or leiomyoma

253
Q

Hysterotomy

A

Surgical incision into the uterus

254
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or on the perineum

255
Q

Mammography

A

A graphic recording of the breast using x-ray technology

256
Q

Mastectomy

A

Surgical excision of the breast

257
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive blood flow during menstruation

258
Q

Menorrhea

A

Normal Menstruation

259
Q

Myometritis

A

Inflammation of the muscular wall of the uterus

260
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Surgical excision of one or both of the ovaries

261
Q

Orchiectomy

A

Surgical excision of a testicle

262
Q

Postpartum

A

Period after childbirth

263
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Surgical excision of fallopian tubes

264
Q

Prostatalgia

A

Pain in the prostate

265
Q

Trimester

A

Period of three months during pregnancy

266
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina

267
Q

Vasectomy

A

Excision of the vas deferens (sperm-carrying duct) surgically

268
Q

Nervous System

A

Network of nerve fibers traversing the human body. Central Nervous System: Brain and spinal cord. Command Center. Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial and spinal nerves. Communication lines linking all parts of the body.

269
Q

Ataxia

A

Lola of muscular coordination

270
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Abnormal or slowness of motion

271
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

272
Q

Cerebrospinal

A

Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

273
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical opening into the skull

274
Q

Discectomy

A

Surgical excision of an intervertebral disc

275
Q

Dysphasia

A

Impairment of speech

276
Q

Encephalomalacia

A

Softening of the brain often due to ischemia or infarction

277
Q

Epidural

A

Pertaining to above or outside the dura mater (the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord)

278
Q

Epilepsy

A

A brain disorder characterized by electrical like disturbances resulting in seizures

279
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Paralysis on one side of the body

280
Q

Intracranial

A

Within the skull

281
Q

Intrathecal administration

A

Injection into the spinal canal or into the subarachnoid space

282
Q

Laminectomy

A

Excision of the vertebral posterior arch or spinal process

283
Q

Meningiitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges or the membranes covering the spinal cord or brain

284
Q

Myelitis

A

Inflammation of the spinal cord

285
Q

Neuralgia

A

Severe or stabbing pain in the course or distribution of a nerve

286
Q

Neuritis

A

Inflammation of a nerve

287
Q

Neurologist

A

Physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system

288
Q

Neurolysis

A

Destruction of nerve tussle or lysis (breaking up perineural adhesions)

289
Q

Neurorraphy

A

Repair of severed nerve by suture, graft or with synthetic conduit

290
Q

Neurosis

A

Emotional condition or disorder; anxiety is a primary characteristic

291
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

A chemical that transmits energy across a synapse

292
Q

Polymyelitis

A

Inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord

293
Q

Psychosis

A

An abnormal condition of the mind, gross disorganization or distortion of mental capacity

294
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities

295
Q

Radiculitis

A

Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots

296
Q

Sciatica

A

Severe pain along the sciatic nerve, usually unilateral based on the nerve root affected

297
Q

Subdural

A

Below the dura mater

298
Q

Vagotomy

A

Surgical incision of the vagus nerve

299
Q

Amblyopia

A

Lazy eye causing dullness of vision

300
Q

Ametropia

A

Defect in the refractive power of the eye

301
Q

Aphakia

A

Absence of lens of the eye

302
Q

Astigmatism

A

Due to an abnormal curve of the cornea, rays of light do not focus on the retina, but spread over area causing out of focus vision

303
Q

Blepharitis

A

An inflammation of the edges of the eyelids

304
Q

Cataract

A

Opacity of the lens of the eye

305
Q

Conjunctiva

A

A mucous membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the inside oft he eyelids

306
Q

Corneal

A

Pertaining to the cornea

307
Q

Cycloplegia

A

Ciliary muscle paralysis

308
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

309
Q

Ectropion

A

Turning outward (eyelid)

310
Q

Entropion

A

Turning in ward (eyelid)

311
Q

Glaucoma

A

Disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure

312
Q

Intraocular

A

Within the eye

313
Q

Karatis

A

Inflammation of the cornea

314
Q

Lacrimal

A

Relating to tears or to the glands that secrets tears

315
Q

Ocular

A

Pertaining to the eye

316
Q

Ophthalmologist

A

A physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disease of the eye

317
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

An instrument used to examine the interior portion of the eye

318
Q

Presbyopia

A

Farsightedness associated with aging and progressive disease

319
Q

Retinopathy

A

Non-inflammatory degenerative disease of the retina

320
Q

Tonometer

A

Instrument to measure intraocular pressure

321
Q

Trichiasis

A

Ingrown eyelashes; can rub against the cornea irritating eye

322
Q

Otology

A

Study of ears

323
Q

Audiology

A

Study of hearing disorders

324
Q

Auricle

A

External ear

325
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of the labyrinth

326
Q

Myringoplasty

A

Repair of the tympanic membrane

327
Q

Ossicles

A

Three small bones in the middle ear known as the malleus, incus and stapes

328
Q

Otolaryngologist

A

Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of diseased of the ear and larynx

329
Q

Otologist

A

Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear

330
Q

Otopyorrhea

A

Pus draining from the ear

331
Q

Otoscope

A

Instrument used to examine the ear and the ear drum

332
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in the ear

333
Q

Vertigo

A

Feeling you or your environment is moving or spinning, caused by a disturbance of equilibrium in the labyrinth

334
Q

Endocrine System

A

Comprised of glands, a group of cells that secrete chemicals called hormones.

335
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla.

336
Q

Carotid Body

A

a small mass of receptors in the carotid artery sensitive to chemical change in the blood.

337
Q

Pancreas

A

Endocrine Structure controlling blood sugar levels with the hormones insulin and glucagon

338
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

Small round bodies located on posterior side of thyroid gland and imbedded in the connective tissue surrounding it. Usually there are four. They regulated calcium and phosphorus metabolism

339
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.

340
Q

Thymus Gland

A

a lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune system. The human thymus becomes much smaller at the approach of puberty.

341
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Regulates metabolism and serum calcium levels through secretion of thyroid hormone and calcitonin respectively. Located in the neck just below the thyroid cartilage of the trachea

342
Q

Diabetes

A

Disorder of glucose metabolism. Type 1 pancreas failure to produced insulin, Type 2 resistance to insulin

343
Q

Endocrinologist

A

Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the endocrine system

344
Q

Euthyroid

A

Normal thyroid gland activity

345
Q

Glandular

A

Pertaining to the gland

346
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excessive potassium in blood

347
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone

348
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Deficient secretion of thyroid hormone

349
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone secreted by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of pancreas which regulates energy and glucose metabolism. Used in management of diabetes

350
Q

Parathyroid

A

Glands located behind the thyroid gland

351
Q

Thymitis

A

Inflammation of the thymus gland

352
Q

Thyroiditis

A

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

353
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Condition caused by excess thyroid hormone, often due to hyperactivity of the thyroid gland

354
Q

Hematologic (hemic) System

A

Involves blood

355
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood Cells. RBCs. Delivers oxygen to body

356
Q

Leukocytes

A

White Blood Cells. WBCs. Primary defense against infection. here are several types, all amoeboid cells with a nucleus, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.

357
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets. Form clusters to plug small holes in blood vessels.

358
Q

Neutrophils

A

Body’s main defense against infection and antigens

359
Q

Lympocytes

A

Protect body from viral infections

360
Q

Monocytes

A

Fight severe infections and are body’s second line of defense against infection.

361
Q

Erythropathy

A

Disease of red blood cells

362
Q

Hematocrit

A

Blood test that measures the red blood cell volume by centrifuge a technique that separates the plasma and the blood cells

363
Q

Hematologist

A

Physician specializing in the study of bloos disorders

364
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The red respiratory protein of RBCs; transports oxygen to the tissue

365
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction of red blood cells

366
Q

Hemostasis

A

Control of bleeding

367
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excessive calcium in the blood

368
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Excessive sugar in the blood

369
Q

Hyperlipemia

A

Excessive fat in the blood

370
Q

Leukemia

A

Overproduction of leukocytes resulting in a malignant, acute or chronic disease

371
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Disease of excessive mononuclear leukocytes in the blood due to infection with the Epstein Barr virus

372
Q

Polycythemia

A

Abnormal increase in the blood cells

373
Q

Speticemia

A

Pathogenic bacteria present in the blood

Medical Coding (19 decks)

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