Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards
Anterior (ventral)
towards the front of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
towards the back of the body
Medial
towards the midline of the body
Lateral
towards the side of the body
Proximal
nearer to the point of attachment or from a given reference point
Distal
farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point
Superior (cranail)
above; toward the head
Inferior (caudal)
below; towards the lower end of the spine
Superficial (external)
Closer to the surface of the body
Deep (internal)
Closer to the center of the body
Supine
lying face up
Prone
lying face down
Sagittal
Cuts through the body from front to back ad divides the body into right and left sections
Midsagittal
Cuts through the midline of the body from front to back and dives the body into equal right and left sections
Frontal (coronal)
Cuts at a right angle to he midline, from side to side and divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior sections
Transverse (horizontal) (axial)
Cuts horizontally through the body and separates the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections
Cells
smallest unit of organism
Cell Membrane
Surround and protects cell; semipermable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Cystoplasm
body of cell; material or protoplasm within a living cell excluding the nucleus
Nucleus
Small round structure within the cell containing chromosomes and nucleoplasm (DNA and RNA)
Chromosome
Linear strand made of DNA, carrying genetic information
Cytology
Study of cells including the formation, structure, and function of the cells
RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
Contains within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis
Gene
Specific segment of base pairs in chromosomes, functional unity of heredity
Mitosis
Cells divide and multiply to form two cells
Dorsal Cavity
Cranial cavity and spinal cavity
Cranial Cavity
The space inside the skull, or cranium, containing the brain
Spinal cavity
The space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord
Ventral Cavity
Thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavity
Thoracic Cavity
The space containing the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi and thymus
Abdominal Cavity
The space containing the lower portion of the esophagus, the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureters.
Pelvic Cavity
The space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine and the rectum.
Mucous Membranes
Epithelial tissue which can secrete mucus and lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages. Involved in secretion and absorption
Serous Membranes
Line internal body cavities and organs such as the heart, lungs and abdominal cavity. They consist of a layer of simple squamous epithelium overlaying a layer of loose connective tissue
Synovial Membranes
These line joint cavities and are composed of connective tissue. They secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity; this lubricates the ends of bones so they can move more freely
Meninges
Composed of three connective tissue membranes found within the dorsal cavity and serve as a protective covering of the brain and spinal cord. The meninges from outer layer to inside layer are dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater
Cutaneous Membrane
This membrane forms the outer covering of the body and consists of a thin outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium attached to a thicker underlying layer of connective tissue. It is skin.
Stratum Corneum
Horny Layer of epidermis; outermost layer
Stratum Lucidum (palms and soles)
Clear layer of epidermis, dead skin found on palms and soles of feet
Stratum Granulosum
Thin layer of cells in the epidermis. Contains two types of granules; keratohyaline granules and lamented granules.
Stratum Spinosum
Composed of prickle cells that are interwoven for protection in the epidermis
Stratum Basal (Stratum Germinativum)
Deepest of the five layers of epidermis made up of basal cells
Stratum Papilare
Thin superficial layer of the dermis, interlocked with the epidermis
Stratum Reticulare
Thick dense layer of dermis, irregular connective tissue
Allograft
A graft transplanted from one person to another who is not genetically identical; also called an allogeneic skin graft
Autologous
Obtained from the patient as both the donor and recipient
Cutaneous
Pertaining to the skin
Dermatology
The study of skin
Decubitus
Pressure ulcer/bedsore
Ecchymosis
Condition in which blood seeps into the skin, causing discoloration
Hypodermic
Pertaining to under the skin
Intradermal
Pertaining to within the skin
Melanin
Pigment giving color to skin
Melanoma
Pigmented malignant tumor of the skin, the most dangerous form of skin cancer
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice
Percutaneous
Through the skin wither by absorption or by needle puncture
Pruritus
Severe itching
Subcutaneous
Pertaining to below the skin
Tinea
Ringworm (fungal skin infection)
Transcutaneous
Penetrating, entering, or passing through the skin
Trichomycosis
Fungal infection of the hair
Urticaria
Raised wheals or hies on skin with itching
Alopecia
Loss of hair
Hair Papilla
Knoblike indentation at bottom of hair follicle counting the blood supply to hair root
Lunula
Little moon are of nail
Nail Body
Visible part of nail
Nail Bed
Skin below the nail, epidermis and dermis
Onychitis
Inflammation of nail matrix (nail bed)
Long Bones
Bones longer than they are wide and found in the limbs
Tubular Bones
Long Bones
Short Bones
Roughly cube shaped bones such as carpal bones of the worst and tarsal bones of the ankle
Sesamoid Bones
Short bone shaped like a sesame seed formed within tendons, cartilaginous in early life and osseous (bony) in the adult. Patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body
Cuboidal
Short bones
Flat bones
Consist of a layer of spongy bones between two thin layers of compact bone; cross-section is flat, not rounded. Flat bones have marrow but lack a bone marry cavity. Eg: skull and ribs
Irregular bones
Does not fit other categories of bones. Eg: Vertebrae
Closed Fracture
Does not involve break in skin
Compound Fracture
Projects through the skin with a possibility of infection
Comminuted Fracture
More than two separate bone components (fragments)
Transverse Fracture
Breaks shaft of a bone across the longitudinal axis
Greenstick Fracture
Only one side of shaft is broken and other is bent, common in children
Spiral Fracture
Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress
Colles’ Fracture
Occurs in wrist and affects the distal radius bone
Compression Fracture
Vertebrae collapse due to trauma, tumor or osteoporosis
Epiphyseal Fracture
Occurs when matrix is calcifying and chondrocytes are dying usually seen in children
Skeletal Muscle
Also called striated muscle and is attached to the skeleton by tendons; contraction of skeletal muscle is under voluntary control
Cardiac Muscle
Also called heart muscle and contains interlocking involuntary striated muscle, which allows electrical impulses to pass quickly across the muscle fibers
Smooth Muscle
Found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body except the heart, its contraction reduces the side of these structures; movement generally is involuntary
Ankylosis
Condition of stiffening of a join
Arthralgia
Pain the in joint
Arthritis
Inflammation in the joint
Arthrodesis
Surgical fixation of a joint
Arthropathy
Join disease
Bursitis
Inflammation of bursa
Carpal
Pertaining to the wrist bones
Chondral
Pertaining to cartilage
Chondralgia
Pain around and in the cartilage
Coccygeal
Pertaining to the coccyx
Connective
Tissue connecting or binding together
Dactylic
Pertaining to finger or toe
Femoral
Pertaining to the femur
Femur
Thighbone
Iliac
Pertaining to the ilium
Kyphosis
Abnormal curvature of thoracic spine (humpback)
Lordosis
Abnormal anterior curvature of spine, usually lumbar (swayback or hollow back)
Metacarpal
Long bones of the hand that form the skeletal structure of the palm
Osteoblast
Bone forming cell
Osteocarcinoma
Cancerous tumor of bone
Osteorrhaphy
Suture of bone
Patellar
Pertaining to the patella bone
Phalanges
Bones of the fingers and toes
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of spine
Sternotomy
Surgical incision of sterum
Tarsal
Pertaining to the tarsal bones in the foot
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tedon
Angina
A condition marked by severe pain in the chest, often also spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart
Angiocarditis
Inflammation of the heart and blood vessels
Angioplasty
Surgical repair repair of blood vessels
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of an artery
Joints
Where two or more bones meet
Tendons
A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
Ligaments
A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable
Blood vessel
A tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.
Vein
Any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.
Artery
Any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body
Capillaries
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Arteriotomy
Incision into an artery
Atherosclerosis
A type of arteriosclerosis characterized by lipid deposits causing fibrosis calcification
Bradycardi
Slow heartbeat
Cardiocentesis
Surgical puncture of the heart
Cardiologist
Physician specializing in diseases of the heart
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
Cardiopulmonary
Pertaining to heart and lungs
Carditis
Inflammantion of heat
Cyanosis
Bluing of skin an mucous membranes cause by oxygen deficiency
Diastole
Relaxation of heart allowing blood to refill the heart chamber
Electrocardiogram
Electrical tracing of the heart and heart muscle activity
Embolism
Blood clot traveling through the blood vessel to another part of the body
Hemangioma
Benign tumor of a blood vessel
Hypertension
Persistent excessive pressure in the arteries
Pacemaker
A system that uses low energy electronic pulses to control the heart rhythm
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
Systole
Contraction of the heart
Thrombus
Blood clot formed within a blood vessel
Transluminal
Passing through tubular organ or part such as the lumen of a blood vessel
Lymphatic System
Comprised of Lymph vessels and lymph nodes. Collects excess fluid from the interstitial spaces (potential spaces between tissue) and returns it to the heart.
Cardiovascular System
Comprised of the heart and the blood vessels working together to move blood throughout our body to provide nutrients and oxygen to all organs and tissues within the body.
Musculoskeletal System
System of muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments providing movement, form, strength and protection.
Integumentary System
Largest organ system in body is comprised of skin, hair and nails. Provide protection from injury, fluid loss and microorganisms. Temperature regulation. Fluid balance. Sensation.
Spleen
Organ of the lymphatic system in the left upper abdomen that filters and destroys red blood cells that are no longer efficient. It serves as a blood forming organ early in life and later as a storage unit for extra red blood cells and platets
Lymph node
each of a number of small swellings in the lymphatic system where lymph is filtered and lymphocytes are formed
Lymphocyte
a form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system
Thymus
Organ located in the neck with two identical lobes. Increases in size during first year of lie. After puberty t gradually atrophies. It is responsible for T-lymphocyte maturation enabling these cells to function against specific pathogens in the immune system.
Peyer’s Patches
Found in lining of intestine and help protect against microorganisms
Lymphadenitis
Inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection
Lymphedema
Swelling of tissues with lymph caused by obstruction or excision of lymphatic vessels
Lymphoma
Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue
Sentinel node
The first few lymph nodes into which a tumor drains and cancer cells are likely spread from a primary tumor
Thymitis
Thymus gland inflammation
Respiratory System
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and their smaller branches, lungs and alveoli. It functions to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. Air inspired through the nose and mouth passes the lungs through a series of branching airways known as the bronchial tree
Pharynx
Nasopharynx (air passageway), Oropharynx (air and food passageway), and laryngopharynx (air and food passageway)
Trachea
Mediastinal region, splits into two bronchi that enter the lungs. Three lobes in right lung and two lobes in left. The epiglottis is a loose flap at the top of the trachea that flips over to close the trachea when a person swallows
Larynx
Voice box and helps provide an open airway and acts as a switching mechanism to route air and food into proper channels
ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Pulmonary edema that can rapidly lead to death
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchioles
Bronchoscope
Instrument used to examine the bronchi
Carina
Projection of the lowest tracheal cartilage where the trachea separates into two bronchi
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Any group of chronic progressive and debilitative respiratory diseases eg: asthma, bronchitis
Dyspnea
Difficult breathing
Endotracheal tube
A tube placed through the mouth into the trachea to help a patient breath
Hemothorax
Presence of blood in the pleural space
Hyperpnea
Abnormally rapid or deep breathing
Lobectomy
Surgical excision of a lobe of the lung
Orthopnea
Difficulty breathing unless upright or in a straight position
Pneumothorax
Collection of air in the chest or pleural cavity
Rales (crackles)
Abnormal chest sounds heard when air enters small airways or alveoli containing fluid typically during inspiration
Rhinorrhea
Discharge from the nose
Rhonchus
Rale or rattling sound in throat or bronchial tube caused by obstructed or inflamed bronchi
Tachypnea
Fast or rapid breathing
Thoracoscopy
Examination of the pleural cavity through an endoscope
Thoracotomy
Incision into the chest wall
Thoracentesis
Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity via surgical puncture; pleural tap
Tuberculosis
A highly contagious, chronic bacterial infection usually affecting the lungs
Wheeze
Whistling sound usually cause by air passageway obstruction, common in asthmatics
Digestive System
Gastrointestinal tract and it’s ancillary organs. System mechanically and chemically breaks down food into minuscule or molecular size for absorption into the blood stream and use at the cellular level.
Aphagia
Inability to swallow
Bariatric
Pertaining to the prevention and control of obesity
Biliary
Pertaining to bile
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheek
Cholecystectomy
Surgical excision of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Colectomy
Excision of part of the colon
Colonoscopy
Examination of colon
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of one or more diverticulum
Diverticulosis
Presence of a number of diverticula of the intestine
Diverticula
n abnormal pouch or sac opening from a hollow organ (such as the intestine or bladder)
Epigastic
Region above the stomach
Gastralgia
Pain in the stomach
Hematemesis
Vomiting blood
Herniotomy
Incision into a hernia
Ileostomy
Creating an opening thought the abdominal wall into the ileum
Ileum
the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum
Laparotomy
Surgical incision into the abdomen
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancrea
Pharyngeal
Pertaining to the pharynx
Rectocele
Herniation of the rectum into the vagina
Sigmoidoscope
Instrument used to view the sigmoid colon
Splenomegaly
Enlarged spleen
Splenorrhaphy
Repair of spleen
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth
Sublingual
Below or beneath the tongue
Transoral
Through the mouth
Warthin’s tumor
A tumor found in the salary gland
Urinary System
Produces urine for excretion of metabolic wastes and fluid and electrolyte balance and provides transportation and temporary storage of urine prior to the intermittent process of urination. Includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Albuminuria
Presence of serum protein in the urine
Bacteriuria
Bacteria in the urine
Chronic Kidney Disease CKD
A chronic disease in which the kidney’s ability to filter water from the blood declines slowly
Cystectomy
Excision of the bladder or part of the bladder; removal of a cyst
Cystitis
Inflammation of bladder
Cystocele
Hernia of the bladder protruding into the vagina
Cystolithectomy
Excision of a stone from the bladder
Cystopexy
Surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
Cystoplasty
Surgical repair of the bladder
Cystorrhagia
Blood bursting forth from the bladder
Dialysis
Separation of waste material from blood to maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance in impaired kidney function or in the absence of a kidney
Dysuria
Difficult or painful urination
Hematuria
Blood in urine
Hydronephrosis
Condition in which urine collects in the renal pelvis due to obstructed outflow, results in dilation of the renal pelvis and calices
Incontinence
Inability to hold urine
Nephrectomy
Excision of a kidney
Nephritis
Inflammation of a kidney
Nephrologist
Physician treating diseases of the kidney
Nephropathy
Disease of the kidney
Nephrosclerosis
Hardening or sclerosis of the kidney
Plyuria
Excessive urination, profuse micturition
Pyelocystitis
Inflammation of the bladder and renal pelvis
Pyelonephristis
Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
Pyuria
Pus in urine
Uremia
Excess urea and other nitrogenous waster in blood
Ureteroplasty
Surgical repair of the ureter
Urethralgia
Pain in the urethra
Urinalysis
Examination of the urine to detect abnormalities by various diagnostic methods
Urologist
A physician treating disease of the urinary system
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation
Amniocentesis
Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid
Antepartum
Time period during pregnancy before childbirth
Colporrhaphy
Suture or repair of vaginal wall
Dysmenorrhea
Painful or difficult menstruation
Endometriosis
Condition in which the endometrial tissue is found outside of the uterus such as in the abdominal or pelvic cavity
Epispadias
Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper aspect (dorsum) of the penis
External os
The opening from the cervix into the vagina
Fibroma
Fibrous tumor, also calle a myoma, fibroid or leiomyoma
Hysterotomy
Surgical incision into the uterus
Hypospadias
Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or on the perineum
Mammography
A graphic recording of the breast using x-ray technology
Mastectomy
Surgical excision of the breast
Menorrhagia
Excessive blood flow during menstruation
Menorrhea
Normal Menstruation
Myometritis
Inflammation of the muscular wall of the uterus
Oophorectomy
Surgical excision of one or both of the ovaries
Orchiectomy
Surgical excision of a testicle
Postpartum
Period after childbirth
Salpingectomy
Surgical excision of fallopian tubes
Prostatalgia
Pain in the prostate
Trimester
Period of three months during pregnancy
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina
Vasectomy
Excision of the vas deferens (sperm-carrying duct) surgically
Nervous System
Network of nerve fibers traversing the human body. Central Nervous System: Brain and spinal cord. Command Center. Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial and spinal nerves. Communication lines linking all parts of the body.
Ataxia
Lola of muscular coordination
Bradykinesia
Abnormal or slowness of motion
Cephalgia
Headache
Cerebrospinal
Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord
Craniotomy
Surgical opening into the skull
Discectomy
Surgical excision of an intervertebral disc
Dysphasia
Impairment of speech
Encephalomalacia
Softening of the brain often due to ischemia or infarction
Epidural
Pertaining to above or outside the dura mater (the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord)
Epilepsy
A brain disorder characterized by electrical like disturbances resulting in seizures
Hemiparesis
Paralysis on one side of the body
Intracranial
Within the skull
Intrathecal administration
Injection into the spinal canal or into the subarachnoid space
Laminectomy
Excision of the vertebral posterior arch or spinal process
Meningiitis
Inflammation of the meninges or the membranes covering the spinal cord or brain
Myelitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord
Neuralgia
Severe or stabbing pain in the course or distribution of a nerve
Neuritis
Inflammation of a nerve
Neurologist
Physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system
Neurolysis
Destruction of nerve tussle or lysis (breaking up perineural adhesions)
Neurorraphy
Repair of severed nerve by suture, graft or with synthetic conduit
Neurosis
Emotional condition or disorder; anxiety is a primary characteristic
Neurotransmitters
A chemical that transmits energy across a synapse
Polymyelitis
Inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord
Psychosis
An abnormal condition of the mind, gross disorganization or distortion of mental capacity
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extremities
Radiculitis
Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots
Sciatica
Severe pain along the sciatic nerve, usually unilateral based on the nerve root affected
Subdural
Below the dura mater
Vagotomy
Surgical incision of the vagus nerve
Amblyopia
Lazy eye causing dullness of vision
Ametropia
Defect in the refractive power of the eye
Aphakia
Absence of lens of the eye
Astigmatism
Due to an abnormal curve of the cornea, rays of light do not focus on the retina, but spread over area causing out of focus vision
Blepharitis
An inflammation of the edges of the eyelids
Cataract
Opacity of the lens of the eye
Conjunctiva
A mucous membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the inside oft he eyelids
Corneal
Pertaining to the cornea
Cycloplegia
Ciliary muscle paralysis
Diplopia
Double vision
Ectropion
Turning outward (eyelid)
Entropion
Turning in ward (eyelid)
Glaucoma
Disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure
Intraocular
Within the eye
Karatis
Inflammation of the cornea
Lacrimal
Relating to tears or to the glands that secrets tears
Ocular
Pertaining to the eye
Ophthalmologist
A physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disease of the eye
Ophthalmoscope
An instrument used to examine the interior portion of the eye
Presbyopia
Farsightedness associated with aging and progressive disease
Retinopathy
Non-inflammatory degenerative disease of the retina
Tonometer
Instrument to measure intraocular pressure
Trichiasis
Ingrown eyelashes; can rub against the cornea irritating eye
Otology
Study of ears
Audiology
Study of hearing disorders
Auricle
External ear
Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the labyrinth
Myringoplasty
Repair of the tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Three small bones in the middle ear known as the malleus, incus and stapes
Otolaryngologist
Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of diseased of the ear and larynx
Otologist
Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear
Otopyorrhea
Pus draining from the ear
Otoscope
Instrument used to examine the ear and the ear drum
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ear
Vertigo
Feeling you or your environment is moving or spinning, caused by a disturbance of equilibrium in the labyrinth
Endocrine System
Comprised of glands, a group of cells that secrete chemicals called hormones.
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla.
Carotid Body
a small mass of receptors in the carotid artery sensitive to chemical change in the blood.
Pancreas
Endocrine Structure controlling blood sugar levels with the hormones insulin and glucagon
Parathyroid Gland
Small round bodies located on posterior side of thyroid gland and imbedded in the connective tissue surrounding it. Usually there are four. They regulated calcium and phosphorus metabolism
Pituitary Gland
A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
Thymus Gland
a lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune system. The human thymus becomes much smaller at the approach of puberty.
Thyroid Gland
Regulates metabolism and serum calcium levels through secretion of thyroid hormone and calcitonin respectively. Located in the neck just below the thyroid cartilage of the trachea
Diabetes
Disorder of glucose metabolism. Type 1 pancreas failure to produced insulin, Type 2 resistance to insulin
Endocrinologist
Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the endocrine system
Euthyroid
Normal thyroid gland activity
Glandular
Pertaining to the gland
Hyperkalemia
Excessive potassium in blood
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism
Deficient secretion of thyroid hormone
Insulin
Hormone secreted by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of pancreas which regulates energy and glucose metabolism. Used in management of diabetes
Parathyroid
Glands located behind the thyroid gland
Thymitis
Inflammation of the thymus gland
Thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
Thyrotoxicosis
Condition caused by excess thyroid hormone, often due to hyperactivity of the thyroid gland
Hematologic (hemic) System
Involves blood
Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cells. RBCs. Delivers oxygen to body
Leukocytes
White Blood Cells. WBCs. Primary defense against infection. here are several types, all amoeboid cells with a nucleus, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Thrombocytes
Platelets. Form clusters to plug small holes in blood vessels.
Neutrophils
Body’s main defense against infection and antigens
Lympocytes
Protect body from viral infections
Monocytes
Fight severe infections and are body’s second line of defense against infection.
Erythropathy
Disease of red blood cells
Hematocrit
Blood test that measures the red blood cell volume by centrifuge a technique that separates the plasma and the blood cells
Hematologist
Physician specializing in the study of bloos disorders
Hemoglobin
The red respiratory protein of RBCs; transports oxygen to the tissue
Hemolysis
Destruction of red blood cells
Hemostasis
Control of bleeding
Hypercalcemia
Excessive calcium in the blood
Hyperglycemia
Excessive sugar in the blood
Hyperlipemia
Excessive fat in the blood
Leukemia
Overproduction of leukocytes resulting in a malignant, acute or chronic disease
Mononucleosis
Disease of excessive mononuclear leukocytes in the blood due to infection with the Epstein Barr virus
Polycythemia
Abnormal increase in the blood cells
Speticemia
Pathogenic bacteria present in the blood