Urinary System Flashcards
Complete missing labels
True or false: Kidneys are not self healing.
True - if a kidney is damaged it will not heal itself
The branch of medicine that deals with structure, function and disease of the kidney is known as _______.
Nephrology.
The branch of surgery related to male and female urinary systems, and the male reproductive system is known as ______
Urology.
How much blood is filtered by the kidneys?
1.2-1.4L every minute
How much Glomerular Filtrate is made from kidney filtration per day?
About 200L
How much urine leaves the body every day?
1-20L (depending on how much has been drank)
Usually 1 1/2 per day
What are the three functions of the kidneys?
- Filtration - of the blood
- Regulation - the ionic composition
- Endocrine - Kidneys produce Renin, Erythropoetin, Thrombopoetin, and Calcitriol
What is the Hormone Renin involved in?
Regulating blood pressure
What is Thrombopoetin involved in?
Creation of Platelets
What is Calcitriol involved in?
Regulate calcium levels
Kidney dysfunction is not evident until function declines by _____ percent of normal function
25%
True or false: Kidneys can increase in size to accomodate for the other kidney dysfunctioning?
True
Complete the missing red labels
What is a nephron?
A functional unit within the kidney which acts to produce urine
What is the function of the Renal Pelvis?
To collect the glomerular filtrate produced by nephrons
How many nephrons are within one kidney?
Approx 1 Million
When does Glomerular filtrate become urine?
As soon as it enters the ureter (the fluid is the same thing, just called different things depending on where it is)
What are the two components to a nephron?
- Vascular Component
- Tubular Component
What are the two types of Nephron?
- Cortical
- Juxtamedullary
What are the features of Cortical Nephrons?
- make up 80-85% of nephrons
- Located mainly in the cortex
- Shorter loop of henle
- Mainly involved in regulation of ions
What are the features of Juxtamedullary Nephrons?
- Located at the cortex-medullary junction
- Longer loop of henle
- Mainly regulate water
True or false: Cortical nephrons cannot regulate water due to its shorter loop of henle
False - both types of nephron can regulate ions and water
Complete the missing red labels from this picture of a Nephron
Where are glomerular capillaries formed?
Between the afferent and efferent arterioles in a nephron
What is a Glomerulus?
A tuft of Glomerular Capillaries
What is another term for the Glomerular Capsule?
Bowmans Capsule
What is a Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule?
A round, cup shaped end of a renal tubule, which surrounds the Glomerulus
What is the Renal Corpuscle?
The Glomerulus and Glomerular Capsule together
Why is the BP in the Glomerulus high?
- Afferent Arterioles have larger diameters than the efferent arterioles, causing a bottleneck
- Arterioles are high-resistance
What does Tubular Reabsorption refer to?
Reabsorbtion of molecules from the Glomerular Filtrate in the Renal Tubule, into the peritubular capillaries.
What does Tubular Secretion refer to?
Movement of molecules from the peritubular capillaries into the Renal Tubule.
Where does the bulk of Tubular Reabsorption occur and where does most of the fine-tuning occur?
- Bulk - Proximal Tubule
- Fine-tuning - Distal / Loop of Henle
True or false: Water is not absorbed on the Ascending side of the loop of Henle
True
What is a Diuretic?
A chemical which increases urinary output
What type of chemicals are classed as Diuretics?
- Any substance not reabsorbed
- Substances which exceed the ability of the renal tubules to reabsorb it
- Substances which inhibit Na+ reabsorbtion
Give three examples of Diuretics
- High Glucose levels
- Alcohol
- Caffeine
How does alcohol act as a Diuretic?
It inhibits ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone) so less water is reabsorbed
Hwo does Caffeine work as a Diuretic?
It inhibits Na+ reabsorption
