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Podiatry - Medicine 1 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Complete missing labels

A
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2
Q

True or false: Kidneys are not self healing.

A

True - if a kidney is damaged it will not heal itself

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3
Q

The branch of medicine that deals with structure, function and disease of the kidney is known as _______.

A

Nephrology.

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4
Q

The branch of surgery related to male and female urinary systems, and the male reproductive system is known as ______

A

Urology.

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5
Q

How much blood is filtered by the kidneys?

A

1.2-1.4L every minute

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6
Q

How much Glomerular Filtrate is made from kidney filtration per day?

A

About 200L

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7
Q

How much urine leaves the body every day?

A

1-20L (depending on how much has been drank)

Usually 1 1/2 per day

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8
Q

What are the three functions of the kidneys?

A
  1. Filtration - of the blood
  2. Regulation - the ionic composition
  3. Endocrine - Kidneys produce Renin, Erythropoetin, Thrombopoetin, and Calcitriol
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9
Q

What is the Hormone Renin involved in?

A

Regulating blood pressure

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10
Q

What is Thrombopoetin involved in?

A

Creation of Platelets

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11
Q

What is Calcitriol involved in?

A

Regulate calcium levels

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12
Q

Kidney dysfunction is not evident until function declines by _____ percent of normal function

A

25%

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13
Q

True or false: Kidneys can increase in size to accomodate for the other kidney dysfunctioning?

A

True

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14
Q

Complete the missing red labels

A
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15
Q

What is a nephron?

A

A functional unit within the kidney which acts to produce urine

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16
Q

What is the function of the Renal Pelvis?

A

To collect the glomerular filtrate produced by nephrons

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17
Q

How many nephrons are within one kidney?

A

Approx 1 Million

18
Q

When does Glomerular filtrate become urine?

A

As soon as it enters the ureter (the fluid is the same thing, just called different things depending on where it is)

19
Q

What are the two components to a nephron?

A
  1. Vascular Component
  2. Tubular Component
20
Q

What are the two types of Nephron?

A
  1. Cortical
  2. Juxtamedullary
21
Q

What are the features of Cortical Nephrons?

A
  • make up 80-85% of nephrons
  • Located mainly in the cortex
  • Shorter loop of henle
  • Mainly involved in regulation of ions
22
Q

What are the features of Juxtamedullary Nephrons?

A
  • Located at the cortex-medullary junction
  • Longer loop of henle
  • Mainly regulate water
23
Q

True or false: Cortical nephrons cannot regulate water due to its shorter loop of henle

A

False - both types of nephron can regulate ions and water

24
Q

Complete the missing red labels from this picture of a Nephron

A
25
Q

Where are glomerular capillaries formed?

A

Between the afferent and efferent arterioles in a nephron

26
Q

What is a Glomerulus?

A

A tuft of Glomerular Capillaries

27
Q

What is another term for the Glomerular Capsule?

A

Bowmans Capsule

28
Q

What is a Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule?

A

A round, cup shaped end of a renal tubule, which surrounds the Glomerulus

29
Q

What is the Renal Corpuscle?

A

The Glomerulus and Glomerular Capsule together

30
Q

Why is the BP in the Glomerulus high?

A
  • Afferent Arterioles have larger diameters than the efferent arterioles, causing a bottleneck
  • Arterioles are high-resistance
31
Q

What does Tubular Reabsorption refer to?

A

Reabsorbtion of molecules from the Glomerular Filtrate in the Renal Tubule, into the peritubular capillaries.

32
Q

What does Tubular Secretion refer to?

A

Movement of molecules from the peritubular capillaries into the Renal Tubule.

33
Q

Where does the bulk of Tubular Reabsorption occur and where does most of the fine-tuning occur?

A
  • Bulk - Proximal Tubule
  • Fine-tuning - Distal / Loop of Henle
34
Q

True or false: Water is not absorbed on the Ascending side of the loop of Henle

A

True

35
Q

What is a Diuretic?

A

A chemical which increases urinary output

36
Q

What type of chemicals are classed as Diuretics?

A
  • Any substance not reabsorbed
  • Substances which exceed the ability of the renal tubules to reabsorb it
  • Substances which inhibit Na+ reabsorbtion
37
Q

Give three examples of Diuretics

A
  1. High Glucose levels
  2. Alcohol
  3. Caffeine
38
Q

How does alcohol act as a Diuretic?

A

It inhibits ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone) so less water is reabsorbed

39
Q

Hwo does Caffeine work as a Diuretic?

A

It inhibits Na+ reabsorption

40
Q
A

Podiatry - Medicine 1 (13 decks)

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