Cardiovascular - Blood Vessels

Question 1

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 1

1. Arteries
2. Capillaries
3. Veins

Question 2

Which type of blood vessels carries blood away from the heart?

Answer 2

Arteries

Question 3

Which type of vessel carries blood towards the heart?

Answer 3

Veins

Question 4

Which type of vessel carries blood towards the lungs?

Answer 4

Arteries

Question 5

Which type of vessel carries blood away from the lungs?

Answer 5

Veins

Question 6

Which vessel is the site of substance exchange between the blood and body tissues?

Answer 6

Capillaries

Question 7

What are tunica, and what are their three classifications?

Answer 7

• Tunica are the layers of arteries or veins
• Three layers:
  
  • Intima
  • Media
  • Externa

Question 8

Which Tunica layer is made up of smooth muscle tissue and elastic fibres?

Answer 8

Tunica Media

Question 9

Why do arteires have a thicker Tunica Media?

Answer 9

• To withstand higher blood pressure
• By having more smooth muscle and elastic fibres, the arteries are able to dilate and contract more

Question 10

Do capillaries have tunica layers?

Answer 10

No, they are only one cell thick to allow for easier substance exchange

Question 11

What is a lumen?

Answer 11

The inside space of a blood vessel, where blood flows through

Question 12

What are arterioles?

Answer 12

Smaller blood vessels which branch off from arteries

Question 13

What is a venule?

Answer 13

Smaller blood vessels that branch off Veins

Question 14

What is the Arterial System?

Answer 14

1. Elastic Arteries
2. Smooth Arteries
3. Arterioles
4. Terminal Arteriole
5. Capillaries

Question 15

What is the Venous System?

Answer 15

1. Large Veins
2. Small Veins
3. Venules
4. Post Papillary Venule

VENOUS RETURN IS IN OPPOSITE ORDER

Question 16

Label the lines from this Capillary Bed

Answer 16

Question 17

What is the Vascular shunt composed of?

Answer 17

• Metarteriole (Arteriole)
• Thoroughfare Channel (Venule)

Question 18

Why is the whole capillary bed (network) not always used?

Answer 18

When resting, not as much blood is needed to be transported, so only vascular shunt can be used and true capillaries unused

Question 19

What do the precapillary sphincters determine?

Answer 19

• If sphincter open, blood travels through true capillaries
• If closed, blood only travels through vascular shunt

Question 20

How is blood pressure measured?

Answer 20

MM Hg

Milimetre’s of Mercury

Question 21

What is the average blood pressure when leaving the heart?

Answer 21

120 mm Hg

Question 22

What is the blood pressure when returning to the heart? (through Vena Cava)

Answer 22

0 mm Hg

Question 23

What is the average Capillary Blood Pressure?

Answer 23

17-36 mm Hg

Question 24

Why is low capillary blood pressure desirable?

Answer 24

Capillaries are only one cell thick, high pressure could cause vessels to burst

Question 25

What is the average blood pressure in the venous system?

Answer 25

15 mm Hg

Question 26

Which valves form in the folds of the Tunica Intima?

Answer 26

Hinge-Link Flaps

Question 27

What is the ‘Muscular Pump’?

Answer 27

Skeletal Muscle contracts to force blood in the veins upwards towards the heart

Question 28

What is Venoconstriction?

Answer 28

Veins contract under sympathetic control, pushing blood towards the heart

Question 29

Where are the pressure point locations of the:

• Common carotid artery
• Brachial artery
• Radial artery

Answer 29

• Common carotid artery - Neck
• Brachial artery - Elbow joint
• Radial artery - Wrist

Question 30

How is blood pressure (BP) defined?

Answer 30

Force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood (mm Hg)

Question 31

What are the main sources of blood resistance?

Answer 31

• Viscosity - (thickness)
• Total blood vessel length
• Blood vessel diameter

Question 32

What are vessels naturally partially constricted?

Answer 32

To allow for:

• Vasoconstriction
• Vasodilation