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Podiatry - Medicine 1 > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy is the study of…

A

the STRUCTURE and shape of the body and its parts

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2
Q

Physiology is the study of…

A

how the body and its parts FUNCTION

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3
Q

What are the six levels of structural organisation?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ System
  6. Organism
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4
Q

What is the ‘Chemical’ level of structural organisation?

A

Atoms combine to form molecules

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5
Q

What is the ‘Cellular’ level of structural organisation?

A

Cells are made of molecules

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6
Q

What is the ‘Tissue’ level of structural organisation?

A

Tissue consists of similar types of cells

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7
Q

What is the ‘Organ’ level of structural organisation?

A

Organs are made up of different types of tissues

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8
Q

What is the ‘Organ System’ level of structural organisation?

A

Organ Systems consist of different types or Organs that work together

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9
Q

What is the ‘Organism’ level of structural organisation?

A

The Organism is made up of different Organ Systems

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10
Q

What are the 11 Organ Systems? (DR RIN MUSCLE)

A
  1. Digestive
  2. Respiratory
  3. Reproductive
  4. Integumentary
  5. Nervous
  6. Muscular
  7. Urinary
  8. Skeletal
  9. Cardiovascular
  10. Lymphatic
  11. Endocrine
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11
Q

Define: Metabolism (basic life processes)

A

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body, including Anabolism and Catabolism

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12
Q

Define: Responsiveness (basic life processes)

A

The ability to detect (sense) and respond to changes (stimuli) in the external or internal environment

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13
Q

Define: Movement (basic life processes)

A

Motion of the whole body, individual organs or even organelles inside cells

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14
Q

Define: Growth (basic life processes)

A

An increase in size and complexity, due to the increase in the number of cells, size of cells, or both

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15
Q

Define: Differentiation (basic life processes)

A

The change in a cell from an unspecialised to specialised state

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16
Q

Define: Reproduction (basic life processes)

A

Either the formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacement, or the production of a new individual

17
Q

What are the Five basic life processes? (as per Tortora)

A
  1. Responsiveness
  2. Movement
  3. Growth
  4. Differentiation
  5. Reproduction
18
Q

In relation to basic life processes, what are Marieb’s Two additional ‘Necessary’ life functions’?

A
  1. Maintaining BOUNDARIES between internal and external environment
  2. EXCRETION - the removal of wastes from metabolism.
19
Q

Define: Homeostasis

A

Maintaining an equilibrium in the body’s internal environment within physiologically defines limits.

20
Q

Define: Holistic

A

Affecting the whole body

21
Q

Which two organ systems regulate homeostatic responses by either working independently or together?

A
  1. Endocrine

2. Nervous

22
Q

What are the components of a feedback system/loop?

A
  1. RECEPTOR (which detects the stimulus causing homeostatic imbalance)
    AFFERENT PATHWAY - the pathway an input message is sent along from the receptor to the control center in the form of nervous impulses or chemical signals
  2. CONTROL CENTER - receives the input message from the afferent pathway and converts the message to an output action along the efferent pathway
    EFFERENT PATHWAY - the pathway an output message is seng along from the control center to the effector in the form of nervous impulses or chemical signals
  3. EFFECTOR - any organ or tissue that receives information from the control center and acts to bring about the changes needed to maintain homeostasis
23
Q

What is a negative feedback system/loop?

A

A homeostatic response which reverses the original stimulus

24
Q

What is a positive feedback system/loop?

A

A homeostatic response which enhances the original stimulus

25
Q

How is ‘Aging’ characterised?

A

A progressive decline in the body’s ability to restore Homeostasis

26
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

Components: Hormone producing glands (e.g. pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland) and hormone producing cells in other organs.

Function: Regulates body activities by secreting hormones

27
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ

Podiatry - Medicine 1 (13 decks)

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