Nervous System

Question 1

What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

Answer 1

• Neurone
• Neuroglial, also known as supporting cells

Question 2

What is a neurone?

Answer 2

Excitable cells which transmit electrical signals (conductivity)

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

What is a cell process?

Answer 4

Axons and Dendrites

Question 5

What is an Axon?

Answer 5

Nerve Fibre

Question 6

Where are action potentials created?

Answer 6

Axon Hillock

Question 7

What part of a neurone receives sensory input?

Answer 7

Dendrites

Question 8

Define irritability

Answer 8

the ability to initiate nerve impulses in response to stimuli

Question 9

Define Conductivity

Answer 9

The ability to transmit an impulse

Question 10

Where do axons conduct nerve impulses to?

Answer 10

• Dendrites of another neuron
• An effector organ/tissue of the body

Question 11

What is a Synapse?

Answer 11

The junction that mediates information transfer from one neurone to another neurone/effector cell

Question 12

What is an Electrical Synapse?

Answer 12

• Ionic currents spread to next cell through gap junctions
• Two-way transmission
• Capable of synthesising groups of neurones

Question 13

What is a Chemical Synapse?

Answer 13

• only allows one-way transmission

Question 14

What is another name for Axon Terminal?

Answer 14

Synaptic Knob

Question 15

What are some features of Neurotransmitters?

Answer 15

• Can be excitatory or inhibitory
• Present in the CNS and PNS
  *

Question 16

What is the function of an interneuron?

Answer 16

To connect afferent neurons with efferent neurons

Question 17

True or false: Interneurons are found in both the CNS and PNS

Answer 17

False - they are only found in the CNS

Question 18

True or false: Afferent and Efferent neurones are only found in the PNS

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is a Multipolar Neurone?

Answer 19

• Several Dendrites
• One Axon
• Most common cell type

Question 20

What is a Bipolar Neuron?

Answer 20

• 1 Main dendrite
• 1 Axon
• Found in retina, inner ear, and olfactory areas

Question 21

What is a Unipolar Neurone?

Answer 21

• 1 Processor
• Are always sensory neurones

Question 22

What are characteristics of Neuroglial cells?

Answer 22

• Smaller than Neurones
• Can divide
• 4 types in CNS
• 2 types in PNS

Question 23

What are the four types of neuroglial cell in the CNS?

Answer 23

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglia
4. Ependymal

Question 24

What are the two types of Neuroglial cell in the PNS?

Answer 24

• Schwann cells
• Satellite Cells

Question 25

What are five functions of Neuroglial cells?

Answer 25

1. Provides a supporting scaffolding for neurons 2. Isolate Neurones 3. Insulate neurones 4. Provide nutrients 5. Remove waste

Question 26

What is Myelination?

Answer 26

* The myelinated sheath is a mulitlayerered lipid and protein covering, produced by schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and surrounds the Axon.

Question 27

What is the function of Myelination?

Answer 27

* Protect the axon * Electircally insulate/isolte the axons from each other * Increase speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 28

What are and is the purpose of the Nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 28

* Gaps in myelin sheath between adjacent swann cells * Nerve impulses jump from node to node, meaning an increase in the transmission of the nerve impulse

Question 29

What is a motor unit?

Answer 29

One motor neurone, and all the skeletal muscle fibres connected to it

Question 30

What is a neuromuscular junction?

Answer 30

The point where a motor neurone (axon terminal branch) meets the muscle fibre

Question 31

Why are there fold in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 31

the brain grows faster than it has room for, allows for more information to be stored in the folds

Question 32

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 32

It is the bridge which joins the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Question 33

True or false: The Insula is involved with the limbic system

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or false: the Insula is a lobe of the brain

Answer 34

False - it is not a lobe

Question 35

What are the four different lobes in the brain

Answer 35

1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal (x2) 4. Occipital

Question 36

Which lobe contains Motor areas that generate impulses for Voluntary Movement?

Answer 36

Frontal Lobe

Question 37

Which lobe contains the general sensory areas that generate touch, and cutaneous sensations?

Answer 37

Parietal Lobe

Question 38

What does the Central sulcus do?

Answer 38

Seperates the Frontal lobe from the Parietal Lobe

Question 39

Which lobe is the precentral gyrus in?

Answer 39

Frontal

Question 40

What lobe is the postcentral gyrus in?

Answer 40

Parietal