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Podiatry - Medicine 1 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

A
  • Neurone
  • Neuroglial, also known as supporting cells
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2
Q

What is a neurone?

A

Excitable cells which transmit electrical signals (conductivity)

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What is a cell process?

A

Axons and Dendrites

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5
Q

What is an Axon?

A

Nerve Fibre

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6
Q

Where are action potentials created?

A

Axon Hillock

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7
Q

What part of a neurone receives sensory input?

A

Dendrites

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8
Q

Define irritability

A

the ability to initiate nerve impulses in response to stimuli

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9
Q

Define Conductivity

A

The ability to transmit an impulse

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10
Q

Where do axons conduct nerve impulses to?

A
  • Dendrites of another neuron
  • An effector organ/tissue of the body
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11
Q

What is a Synapse?

A

The junction that mediates information transfer from one neurone to another neurone/effector cell

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12
Q

What is an Electrical Synapse?

A
  • Ionic currents spread to next cell through gap junctions
  • Two-way transmission
  • Capable of synthesising groups of neurones
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13
Q

What is a Chemical Synapse?

A
  • only allows one-way transmission
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14
Q

What is another name for Axon Terminal?

A

Synaptic Knob

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15
Q

What are some features of Neurotransmitters?

A
  • Can be excitatory or inhibitory
  • Present in the CNS and PNS
    *
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16
Q

What is the function of an interneuron?

A

To connect afferent neurons with efferent neurons

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17
Q

True or false: Interneurons are found in both the CNS and PNS

A

False - they are only found in the CNS

18
Q

True or false: Afferent and Efferent neurones are only found in the PNS

A

True

19
Q

What is a Multipolar Neurone?

A
  • Several Dendrites
  • One Axon
  • Most common cell type
20
Q

What is a Bipolar Neuron?

A
  • 1 Main dendrite
  • 1 Axon
  • Found in retina, inner ear, and olfactory areas
21
Q

What is a Unipolar Neurone?

A
  • 1 Processor
  • Are always sensory neurones
22
Q

What are characteristics of Neuroglial cells?

A
  • Smaller than Neurones
  • Can divide
  • 4 types in CNS
  • 2 types in PNS
23
Q

What are the four types of neuroglial cell in the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal
24
Q

What are the two types of Neuroglial cell in the PNS?

A
  • Schwann cells
  • Satellite Cells
25
Q

What are five functions of Neuroglial cells?

A
  1. Provides a supporting scaffolding for neurons
  2. Isolate Neurones
  3. Insulate neurones
  4. Provide nutrients
  5. Remove waste
26
Q

What is Myelination?

A
  • The myelinated sheath is a mulitlayerered lipid and protein covering, produced by schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and surrounds the Axon.
27
Q

What is the function of Myelination?

A
  • Protect the axon
  • Electircally insulate/isolte the axons from each other
  • Increase speed of nerve impulse transmission
28
Q

What are and is the purpose of the Nodes of Ranvier?

A
  • Gaps in myelin sheath between adjacent swann cells
  • Nerve impulses jump from node to node, meaning an increase in the transmission of the nerve impulse
29
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

One motor neurone, and all the skeletal muscle fibres connected to it

30
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

A

The point where a motor neurone (axon terminal branch) meets the muscle fibre

31
Q

Why are there fold in the cerebral cortex?

A

the brain grows faster than it has room for, allows for more information to be stored in the folds

32
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

It is the bridge which joins the left and right hemispheres of the brain

33
Q

True or false: The Insula is involved with the limbic system

A

True

34
Q

True or false: the Insula is a lobe of the brain

A

False - it is not a lobe

35
Q

What are the four different lobes in the brain

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal (x2)
  4. Occipital
36
Q

Which lobe contains Motor areas that generate impulses for Voluntary Movement?

A

Frontal Lobe

37
Q

Which lobe contains the general sensory areas that generate touch, and cutaneous sensations?

A

Parietal Lobe

38
Q

What does the Central sulcus do?

A

Seperates the Frontal lobe from the Parietal Lobe

39
Q

Which lobe is the precentral gyrus in?

A

Frontal

40
Q

What lobe is the postcentral gyrus in?

A

Parietal

41
Q
A

Podiatry - Medicine 1 (13 decks)

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